Lecture #1

1. Chem 115: Basic Physiological
Chemistry
Dr. Kathryn Huisinga
khuisinga@malone.edu
X 8356
Text:
General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 7th ed., by Denniston,
Topping, and Caret http://www.mhhe.com/denniston
A Laboratory Manual for General, Organic, and Biochemistry,
7th ed., by Henrickson
www.saplinglearning.com

2. Minute paper
• Name, Major, year
• Where you are from?
• What science and math classes you have taken
before (HS or college level)?
• What do you hope to learn in Chem 115?
• How do you think studying chemistry can teach
you something about God?
• Anything else you want me to know

3. Syllabus
• Online access- Malone e-companion and
saplinglearning.com
• Communication outside of class will be via e-
mail and posting on companion site(s).
• Instructional Methods:
– Attendance & Participation
– Homework Problem Sets: saplinglearning.com
– Quizes
– Exams
– Lab (more details during lab this week)

4. Syllabus
• Attendance
– Lecture
– Lab
– Exams
• Grading Scale
• Course Requirements & Classroom Procedures
– Cell Phones- NOT ALLOWED
– Calculators- NEEDED
– Electronic note-taking devices- Your choice
• i.e. – Laptop or ipad

5. Syllabus
• Disability Accommodations
– Center for Student Success
– Your responsibility to communicate this to me
• Academic Integrity
– Taken Very Seriously
– If you aren’t sure if something is allowed, ask.
– Plagiarism, Cheating on Exams, copying homework
or labs
• If you are copying something, from anywhere, it is not
OK!
• Subject-to-change

6. • Study Tips
– SQ3R+
– Repetition
– Frequency
– Teach each other
– Environment of learning
• Peer Tutoring:
– Jennifer Peters
– Monday, 6:00 p.m.
• in the tutoring room (Library Seminar F)
• Communicate problems to me
– I can’t help you if I don’t know you are having
problems
• Or if I don’t know until after the exam!!

7. Chem 115:Basic Physiological Chemistry
• “General” Chemistry (Chapters 1-9)
– Atoms, Chemical Structures & Equations, Acids,
Bases, Solutions, Matter, Energy
• Organic Chemistry (Chapter 10-15)
– Chemistry of Carbon & atoms that bond to it
• Biochemistry (Chapter 16-23)
– Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, DNA, RNA,
Metabolism and all Biomolecules
• How do things work “chemically” inside a living
organism?

8. Course Outline
Topics Reading
• Chemistry: Stuff & measuring it Chapters 1,5
• What is an atom? Chapters 2, 9
• How do atoms interact & react? Chemical bonding & reactions
Chapters3,4
• Organic compounds: How does carbon interact? Chapters 10-17
• Carbohydrates, an intermolecular chemical reaction Chapter 16
• Intermolecular Forces: Water, Lipids, Solubility & Phase change
Chapters 6, 11-14,17
• Solutions: What’s your concentration? Chapter 6
• Acids & Bases and how the amino acids do it all Chapters 7 & 8
• Proteins: where the action is at- cellular workhorses Chapter 18
• Enzymes: speed me up please Chapters 7 & 19
• Nucleic Acids and how DNA is in command Chapter 20
• Metabolism: how you do what you do! Chapters 21-23

9. Chemistry
• the study of matter
• its chemical and physical properties
• the chemical and physical changes it undergoes
• the energy changes that accompany those
processes
• Most changes either require energy or
produce energy
• This class will focus on the changes that
happen in living systems

10. Why do you need to know
chemistry?
public health pharmaceutical industry
CHEMISTRY
food science
medical practitioners
forensic sciences

11. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
+
Bunny reproduction is biology!

12. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
But chemists study the
hormonal changes that tell the
bunnies when to mate!
+
Bunny reproduction is biology!

13. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
Psychologists study how mice “learn”.

14. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
But chemists study the
neurotransmitters responsible
for learning!
Psychologists study how mice “learn”.

15. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
What happens when a bunny
baby crosses a road is physics.

16. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
What happens when a bunny
baby crosses a road is physics.

17. Chemistry overlaps with many different disciplines.
What happens to the bunny baby‟s body
in the hot summer sun is chemistry!

18. MAJOR AREAS OF CHEMISTRY
• Biochemistry - the study of life at the
molecular level
• Organic chemistry - the study of matter
containing carbon and hydrogen
• Inorganic chemistry - the study of matter
containing elements, not organic
• Analytic chemistry - analyze matter to
determine identity and composition
• Physical chemistry - attempts to explain the
way matter behaves

19. Chemistry uses the scientific method
• How does something
work?
• What is the “truth”
about how something
works?
• Does my data support
my hypothesis?
• Do I need to change my
hypothesis?

20. Experimental methods
• Experiments produce DATA & RESULTS
• DATA:
– Recorded observations or measurements
• Mass, Time, Temp, volume, energy
• RESULTS:
– Outcome of experiment
– Conclusions drawn from observations
– Usually several pieces of data form a result

21. CHEMISTRY
the study of matter
and its changes
. . . but what is matter?

22. CHEMISTRY
the study of matter
and its changes
Matter is “stuff ”
(anything with mass and volume)

23. CHEMISTRY
the study of matter
and its changes
Which of these are matter?
hammer Q-tip fear paper bag beauty
blood talent acorn air gravity

24. Classification of Matter
• Pure substance - a substance that has only one
component
• Mixture - a combination of two or more pure
substances in which each substance retains its own
identity, not undergoing a chemical reaction

25. Classification of Matter
• Element - a pure substance that cannot be changed
into a simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction
• Compound - a substance resulting from the
combination of two or more elements in a definite,
reproducible way, in a fixed ratio

26. Classification of Matter
• Mixture - a combination of two or more pure substances in
which each substance retains its own identity
• Homogeneous - uniform composition, particles well mixed,
thoroughly intermingled
• Heterogeneous – nonuniform composition, random
placement

27. Classification of Matter
• Which classes of matter are shown below?
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
compound
mixture mixture

28. The Periodic Table of
the Elements

29. The Periodic Table of the Elements
We know that all “matter” is made up of
very, very, very tiny spheres called atoms.
Each square in this table represents a different kind of atom.
There are over 114 different kinds of atoms.

30. The Periodic Table of the Elements
We know that all “matter” is made up of
very, very, very tiny spheres called atoms.
Each square in this table represents a different kind of atom.
Table organization is based on each atom‟s makeup and the
similarities of the properties of the various kinds of atoms.

31. The Periodic Table of the Elements

32. The Periodic Table of the Elements

33. The Periodic Table of the Elements

34. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Table is usually displayed this way.
(it takes up less space)
We won‟t discuss any
of these elements in
Physiological
Chemistry

35. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Every kind of atom has a name and a “symbol.”

36. The Periodic Table of the Elements
All modern symbols are based on letter abbreviations
Hydrogen (H)
Every symbol starts
Oxygen (O)
with a capital letter.
Iodine (I)

37. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some symbols have two letters.
Scandium (Sc)
First letter is capital
Bismuth (Bi)
and second is lower case.
Neon (Ne)

38. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some symbols come from foreign languages.
Tungsten (W) -- „W‟ is from wolfram (German)
Sodium (Na) -- „Na‟ is from natrium (Latin)
Antimony (Sb) -- „Sb‟ is from Stibium (Latin)

39. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in air!
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, argon, neon, helium

40. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in dirt and rocks!
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium

41. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in stars!
hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium

42. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Some types of atoms are very common in human bodies!
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

43. The Periodic Table of the Elements
18 columns
(Columns are called groups)
1 2 3 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17 18

44. The Periodic Table of the Elements
This is group 13.

45. The Periodic Table of the Elements
7 rows
(Rows are called periods)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

46. The Periodic Table of the Elements
This is period 4.

47. The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkali metals
(Group 1)

48. The Periodic Table of the Elements
alkaline earth metals
(Group 2)

49. The Periodic Table of the Elements
halogens
(Group 17)

50. The Periodic Table of the Elements
noble gases or “inert” gases
(Group 18)
All of the atoms in a group
have similar properties.

51. Consider these three halogens:
http://www.an.psu.edu/rxg1/pt1999/halogens.html

52. Consider these three halogens:
•All smell like a swimming pool.
•All produce colored vapors.
•All are poisonous.
•All react rapidly with sodium to give
edible salts.
Groups in the periodic table are comprised
of elements with similar properties.
http://www.an.psu.edu/rxg1/pt1999/halogens.html

53. Consider these three alkali metals:
Lithium (Li)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)

54. Consider these three alkali metals:
•All are shiny, soft solids when pure.
•All melt at very low temperatures.
Lithium mp = 181oC
Sodium mp = 98oC
Potassium mp = 63oC

55. Consider these three alkali metals:
•All are shiny, soft solids when pure.
•All melt at very low temperatures.
•All react violently with water.
http://www.westga.edu/~chem/courses/desc.inorg/490Jan14/sld009.htm

56. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids or semimetals
Hydrogen
is an odd-
ball!

57. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Metals are . . .
•Lustrous •Ductile
•Malleable •Conductors of
•Prone to losing electricity
electrons •Lower Left of periodic
table

58. The Periodic Table of the Elements
Nonmetals are . . .
•Not lustrous •Not ductile
•Not malleable •Not conductors of
•Often prone to gaining electricity
electrons •Upper Right of
table