Foot Step power generating system

1. FOOT STEP POWER GENERATING SYSTEM
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SREEKUMAR.K(21207106310)
VINU VISWANATH(21207106311)
AJEESH.V.RAJAN(21207106003)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,SRIPERUMBUDUR
ANNA UNIVERSITY: : CHENNAI 600 025
APRIL 2011
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

2. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “FOOT STEPPOWER GENERATING
SYSTEM” is the bonafide work of “SREE KUMAR.K, VINU
VISWANATH, AJEESH.V.RAJAN” who carried out the project work under
my supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. SUMAN MISHRA M.E,(Ph.d)., Mr. SUMAN MISHRA
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering
Sriperumbudur - 602 105 Sriperumbudur - 602 105
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to make a special mention of the following people without whose
help this project would have not been completed. First we render our thanks to
Almighty God to give us the strength for completing this project.
We are grateful to Our Parents for their care, love, support and
prayers.We take this opportunity to express our gratitude and thanks to
Dr.G.George our General Secretary and Correspondent for his valuable thoughts
and consistent encouragement.We like to acknowledge the support given to us by
our and also special thanks to our Principal Dr. Arocky Raj for his
guidance.Special thanks to the Dean of our college Dr Vasu Elaveetil for his
guidance.
We express our sincere gratitude to Mr.Suman Mishra, Head of the
Electronics and Communication Department Engineering and our project
coordinator Mr. Madhu for his valuable suggestions and technical guidance.
We specially thank Mr. Suman Mishra, our internal guide for giving
us an opportunity to do this project and also other staff members who gave us
support, encouragement and suggestion which had helped to make the right choice
at this juncture of our career.

4. ABSTRACT
• In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step
.
• Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy
into the electrical energy.
• This project using simple drive mechanism such as rack and pinion assemble
and chain drive mechanism.
• For this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy.
The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery
and inverter control.
• The D.C generator used in this project is Permanent Magnet D.C generator.
• The Generator is coupled to the Ply wheel Shaft with the help of Spur Gear
Mechanism.
• The Output of the generator is 12 Volts. This 12 Volt is stored in a 7 Amp-
Hour Battery.
• The battery type is Lead-Acid battery
• The battery is connected to the inverter which is used to convert the D.C 12
• Volt to the 230 Volt A.C.

5. • By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is
increased.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 MOTIVATION:
Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his
sustenance and well being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.
Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by
eating plants or animals, which he hunted.
With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for
agriculture. He added a new dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and
training animals to work for him. With further demand for energy, man began to
use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling
water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of
falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that
the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and
that man was using only renewable sources of energy.
1.2 AIMS:
The main purpose of our project is
1.The "Crowd would work something like this A responsive sub-flooring
system would be placed under, say, the platform of a subway terminal. The

6. blocks that make up the system would depress slightly under the force of
human footsteps. As the blocks slipped against each other, they would generate
power in the form of an electric current.
2. The electric current could be used, among other things, to light up signs about
the energy created by the pedestrians, the creators say. People should understand
the direct relationship between their movement and the energy produced," said co-
creator Thaddeus Jusczyk.
3.While the Crowd Farm wouldn't work in the home (a single human step
generates only enough power to light two 60-watt light bulbs for one second), it
could really draw some power from a crowd producing thousands of steps.
CHAPTER 2
EXISTNG SYSTEM
Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces in
the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to redefine urban spaceby adding a
sense of fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their movement.
The Crowd Farm floor is composed ofstandard parts that are easily replicated but
it is expensive to produceat this stage. This technology would facilitate the future
creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a spectatorarea, music halls,

7. theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering spacefor rallies, demonstrations and
celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of
harnessing human locomotion for electricity generation.
CHAPTER 3
PROPOSEDSYSTEM
NEED FOR THE SYSTEM:
Proposalfor the utilization of waste energy of foot power with
human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated
countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands,
temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock.
This whole human/bio energy being wasted if can be made possible for utilization
it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy
sources in crowded countries. Walking across a "Crowd Farm," floor, then,will be
a fun for idle people who can improve their health by exercising in such farms
with earning. The electrical energy generated at suchfarms will be useful for near
by applications.

8. FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION MODEL
HARDWARE EREQUIREMENTS:
• FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT
• RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT
• DC GENERATOR
• BATTERY
• INVERTER
• LIGHT LOAD

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
• The complete diagram of the foot step power generation is given above.
• Only one step is inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the
power.
• The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving
arrangement.
• The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the inclined step.
• The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by releasing
the load.
• The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in
fig.
• The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running
the same speed of pinion.
• The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of
chain (cycle).
• This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller
sprocket.
• The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse
direction of rotational movement of the larger sprocket.
• This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear wheel
is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.
• The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the smaller sprocket shaft.
• The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another
gear wheel.
• The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator.
• The generated voltage is 12Volt D.C.

10. • This D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery.
• The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the
12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C.
• This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. By
increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is
increased
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FOOT STEP
ARRANGEME
NT
RACK & PINION AND
CHAIN SPROCKET
ARRANGEMENT
DC
GENERATOR
BATTERY INVERTER LIGHT LOAD
ADC
LCD
AT89C51 MICRO
CONTROLLER
ON/O
FF
RELAY

11. EXPLANATION:
FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT:
A Crowd Energy Farm would work like this: a responsive sub-flooring system
made up of blocks that depress slightly under the force of human steps would be
installed beneath the walking lobby. The slippage of the blocks against one
another as people walked would generate power through the principle of the
dynamo, a device that converts the energy of motion into that of an electric current.
The Crowd Farm is not intended for home use as a single human step can only
power two 60W light bulbs for one flickering second. But get a crowd in motion,
multiply that single step by 28,527 steps, for example, and the result is enough
energy to power a moving train for one second. And while the farm is over
crowded with moving population, the dynamo-floor principle can be applied to
capture energy at large levels. Greater movement of people will generate more
energy.
RACK AND PINION ARRANGEMENT:

12. A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair
of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. The
circular pinion engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar–the rack. Rotational motion
applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its
travel.
CHAIN SPROCKET:
A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with
a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. It is distinguished from
a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from
a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Here the rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed at the
inclined step. The spring is used to return the inclined step in same position by
releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end bearings
as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is
running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle
sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the

13. rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same
direction for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger
sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel and gear
wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft.
DC GENERATOR:
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device
that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The reverse conversion
of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and
generators have many similarities. A generator forces electrons in the
windings to flow through the external electrical circuit. It is somewhat
analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create
the water inside. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or
turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an
internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or
any other sources of mechanical energy. The gear wheel is coupled to the
generator shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used
here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt
D.C.
BATTERY:
The D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The
battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12
Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate
the light, fan and etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter
circuit, the power rating is increased Battery cell consists of five major

14. components, electrodes-anode and cathode, separators, terminals, electrolyte
and a case or enclosure. Battery cells are grouped together into a single
mechanical and electrical unit called a battery module. These modules are
electrically connected to form a battery pack which powers the electronic
drive system.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM