Internet of things and Agriculture

1. Internet of things and Connected
Agriculture services
Author: Atul S Khiste
ISE masters student
Presented to
Gregg Garett
CEO & Managing Director – CGS Advisors LLC
Bill Gracia
Manager, Strategy Services – CGS Advisors, LLC

2. Agenda
• What is Agriculture and Farming
• Connected world and agriculture
• 21st century global challenges in
- food production
• Agriculture Market in India
• Opportunities
• Connected solution overview
• Solution architecture
• Implementation challenges
• Economic model

3. Great hardware and information companies with
technology and operations that could really help growers.
But surprisingly none of them actually worked together.

4. And when these systems don’t work together, no one benefits. Not the
hardware companies, not the growers, and not the people that try to
help growers get the most out of their crops

5. The Global Food and Agriculture System
The 21st Century Challenges:
• Feed a growing, more prosperous world – and
hopefully better than we have in the past
• Increase food output 50% by 2025
• More than double by 2050
• Contribute to national energy security in many
countries
• Preserve/enhance the environment
• Maintain the rural cultural heritage
With these constraints:
• While using the same or fewer resources
• And, do this against t he backdrop of global climate change!

6. Global population growth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2025
FC
2050
FC
Source: United Nations, 2006
Billions
8.0
9.2
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Report, Apr. 2008

7. Indian agriculture Industry
India is known as the ‘Land of Agriculture’ which has
many traditions and even a large variety of cultures.
Approximately 70% of the Indian population are
connected with agriculture and its related activities.
India ranks first in the production of sugarcane and
second in the production of rice in the world. Apart from
these, many other cereals, tea, coffee etc. add to the
agricultural output from India. Spices are also well known
worldwide from the incredible India.

8. Modern Indian Agriculture
Modern India implements new
techniques in agriculture to
increase the quantity and quality
of the yield. Many agricultural
products are exported on large
basis worldwide which add to the
economy of India. New modern
farm machinery and financial
schemes are provided by the
government to encourage
agriculture in the rural areas of the
nation.

9. Agriculture has always been a major occupation of the population
and hence it has a major contribution to the economy of the
nation. The variety of soils have been a plus point which has made
production of a variety of grains and spices possible.

10. The environmental challenge
• Protect the natural resource base
• Prevent degradation of the land
• Improve air quality
• Develop more efficient water use, improve quality
• Improve wildlife habitat
• Avoid biodiversity loss
• Cultural protection aspect (viewscapes, farm structure, practices)
• Post-Industrial Challenge: increase productivity - reduce intrusion

11. Growing resource constraints
• Much of world’s total arable area already in use – the most fertile
requiring least investment
• Most remaining land has serious soil and terrain constraints
• Some covered in forests, in protected areas
• Characteristics difficult for agriculture – low soil fertility, high toxicity, hilly
and other difficult terrain – human and animal disease, poor infrastructure
• Most located in Africa and Latin America (70% suffers soil and terrain
constraints)
• Further expansion is controversial – could jeopardize fragile lands
• Will require considerable capital investment
Source: Food and Agricultural Organization of united nations
Produce more with less…
Land | Water | Labor

12. Growingresourceconstraints
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
B
razil
R
ussia
India
C
hina
Indonesia
U
SA
M
exico
South
A
frica
Zim
babw
e
HectareofArableLand
Arable Land (ha) per person
Most populous countries
have least room to expand
Produce more with less…
Land | Water | Labor

13. Growingresourceconstraints
• 70% of world’s freshwater is used by agriculture
• 90% in India and China
• 30 developing countries already facing growing water shortages
• Water and population unevenly distributed – by 2025:
• 1.8 bil. people will live in areas with absolute water scarcity
• 2/3rds of world population will live in ‘water-stressed’ areas
• Rainfed agriculture practiced on 80% of cultivated land –
accounts for 60% of world’s food
• Irrigation can increase yields of most crops two-to-four fold
• New irrigation technologies can reduce water use 30% to 60%
over surface irrigation
Source: UN-Water and FAO
Produce more with less…
Land | Water | Labor
Source: UN Water and Food and Agricultural Organization of
united nations (FAO)

14. Growing resource constraints
Amount of water required for:
0 500 1000 1500 2000
21stCenturyBeefClub
Source: UN-Water and FAO
Produce more with less…
Land | Water | Labor
10X more water needed to raise 1 pound of beef than 1 pound
of wheat
1800 gallons
180 gallons
0.25 – 0.6 gallons
One pound of beef
Daily drinking requirements
One pound of wheat

15. Growing resource constraints
• Farm demographics (aging) and migration to cities importantly
influence agricultural labor availability
• High-tech machines, complex production processes and strict
production regulations require skilled labor
• Tighter restraint on immigration encourages mechanization,
innovation – affects capital requirements
21stCenturyBeefClub
Source: UN-Water and FAO
Produce more with less…
Land | Water | Labor

16. 16
STRENGTHS
• Rich Bio-diversity
• Arable land
• Climate
• Strong and well dispersed
research and extension
system
OPPORTUNITIES
• Bridgeable yield crops
• Exports
• Agro-based Industry
• Improve productivity by
cross market collaboration
WEAKNESS
• Fragmentation of land
• Low Technology Inputs
• Unsustainable Water
Management
• Poor Infrastructure
• No central market
• Water scarcity
THREATS
• Unsustainable Resource Use
• Unsustainable Regional
Development
Agricultural market in India

17. Enabling factors
• Agricultural schools
• Agricultural research
organizations
• NGO’s
• Private research organizations
• Government body dealing with
agricultural research and
development
• Weather forecasting labs
• Soil testing labs
• Food quality labs
Enabling factors:
• Irrigation system
• Automations system
• Fertilizers spraying
• Farm Tilting
• Crop planting
• Harvesting
• Weather forecasting
• Crop protection
Enabling factors:
• Access to financial
services
• Pre-production planning
• Financial planning
• Factors of safety
• Environmental
considerations
• Scope of using
technology
Enabling factors
• Buyers of good
• Retail market e.g. BigBazar
• Fertilizers dealers
• Local buyers
• Inter and intrastate buyers of
good
• Factories demanding good
nearby e.g. sugarcane,
cotton, soyabeen
Farmer
Connected Agriculture
Agricultural value chain

18. Decision making
Farmer
Irrigation
Seeds
tilting
pesticides
climate
retailers
market
survey
finance
Monitorin
g
decision
making
water
mangeme
nt
disposal
maintena
nce
forecastin
g
Labour
managem
ent

19. Proposed solution
Overview:
Push info to farmer than pull by farmer.
Connect farmer to complete agricultural supply chain.
Provide farmer latest technology and expert advice.
Provide technology end to end implementation support.
Standardized programs for major crops e.g. sugarcane program
Advanced connected pay per use services.
Monitoring to make decisions.
Build and provide custom solutions to farmer. In house
implementation of connected technology in other services products
.
E.g purchase device and create custom protocols for standard services.)

20. Functional architecture
Control
Center
Knowledge
center
advanced
Data
Processing
Help center
Farm land/Local
system
Onboard
Control and
data collection
e.g. Connected
tractors
1
2
ERP
system
8
7
4
3
5
6
Implementati
on in charge

21. e.g. connected tractors

22. e.g. Wireless irrigation system
fig.Proposed system architecture

23. e.g. Solar powered wireless irrigation
Solar powered

24. e.g. Retail services
Customer
support
Farmer calls
toll-free

25. Proposed Economic models
Starter Basic Premium Gold
Free USD USD USD
Initial starter More info Technology help Looking to maximize
N/A N/A $500 Technology 500
1 1 Unlimited Unlimited
Yes Yes Yes Yes
None 5 Unlimited Unlimited
1 1 Unlimited Unlimited
No Yes Yes Yes
No Yes Yes Yes
Free Free Free Free
--- ---- ----- -----
Yes Yes Yes Yes
---- ---- ---- ----
Annual Price
Suitable for
Special crop
Digital
monitoring/Reporting
Alert(Email & SMS)
Connected tractors
Connected drones
Growing conditions
Retail Services
Weather forecast
Irrigation automation
Consultant access
Advanced pest and
Fertilizers

26. Implementation challenges
• Collaboration with partners is
important
• Low implementation cost
• Involvement of government
and research organization
• Choosing Communication
systems for rural areas
• New communication
protocols for data collection
system development
• Electricity supply issue
(Alternate source required)

27. Partnerships required
• Trimble Inc
• John Deere
• Jain Irrigation system

28. Conclusion
• Better decision making system for farmer
• Better production planning
• Increased productivity
• Increased profits
• Increased food production
• Water conservation
• Data collection can be used by government policy makers

29. References
• http://www.anctech.com/en/prodetails.asp?proid=59
• http://ijarcet.org/wp-content/uploads/IJARCET-VOL-2-ISSUE-1-1-5.pdf
• http://ictpost.com/2013/07/13/wireless-solution-for-irrigation-in-indian-agriculture/
• http://www.famu.edu/cesta/main/assets/File/coop_extension/MARKETING/Decision-Making%20Process.pdf
• http://jugaadtoinnovation.blogspot.com/2012/02/intuit-innovating-for-india.html
• http://www.ijtef.org/papers/116-F531.pdf
• http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=libphilprac
• http://sdcornblog.org/
• http://agricoop.nic.in/
• http://agricoop.nic.in/imagedefault/whatsnew/smsportal.pdf
• http://agricoop.nic.in/imagedefault/whatsnew/ncipletter.pdf
• http://india.gov.in/topics/agriculture
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
• http://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/archive/september2013
• http://gigaom.com/2013/10/15/sigsense-is-building-connected-sensors-to-bring-the-internet-of-
things-to-the-cable-guy/

30. Thanks !!!
Questions ?