4. The Function of Memory
MemoryMemory – our brain’s system for filing– our brain’s system for filing
away new information and retrievingaway new information and retrieving
previously learned materialpreviously learned material
8. Sensory Memory (SM)
1-2 seconds
Attention
Five senses
Encoded
If important, transfer to Working
Memory
9. Working Memory (STM)
EncodingEncoding into working memoryinto working memory
• AttentionAttention
• Conscious and unconsciousConscious and unconscious
encodingencoding
• What do we encode? Images,What do we encode? Images,
sounds, and meaningssounds, and meanings
Visual encodingVisual encoding
Auditory encodingAuditory encoding
Semantic encodingSemantic encoding
10. Working Memory
StorageStorage in working memoryin working memory
• Organization and rehearsalOrganization and rehearsal
• 7+/-2 ~7+/-2 ~ A QUICK ExerciseA QUICK Exercise
ChunkingChunking
Rote rehearsalRote rehearsal
RetrievalRetrieval from working memoryfrom working memory
• Recency effectRecency effect
• Primacy effectPrimacy effect
• Serial position effectSerial position effect
11. Chunk It Demonstration!
Listen to the following
string of letters
How many can you
remember?
Now, listen to the next set
of letters
How many can you
remember?
12. Working Memory
ForgettingForgetting
• Interference and encodingInterference and encoding
PseudoforgettingPseudoforgetting
• Cued forgettingCued forgetting
13. A Memory Test
Look at the following words for 15
seconds. Try to remember them!
bed quilt dark
silence fatigue clock
snoring night toss
tired night artichoke
turn night rest
dream
14. bed quilt dark
silence fatigue clock
snoring night toss
tired night artichoke
turn night rest
dream
15. Long Term Memory (LTM)
Encoding into long-term memoryEncoding into long-term memory
• Flashbulb memoriesFlashbulb memories
• Elaborative rehearsalElaborative rehearsal
• MnemonicsMnemonics
Storage in long-term memoryStorage in long-term memory
• Levels of processingLevels of processing
Shallow processingShallow processing
Deep processingDeep processing
16. Long Term Memory
Retrieval from long-
term memory
• Recognition or recall?Recognition or recall?
• Retrieval cuesRetrieval cues
Retrieval cueRetrieval cue
State-dependentState-dependent
memorymemory
21. In case you were wondering…
Oh, say, can you see,
By the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed
At the twilight’s last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars,
Through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched
Were so gallantly streaming.
And the rockets red glare,
The bombs bursting in air
Gave proof through the night
That our flag was still there
Oh, say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free
And the home of the brave?
23. The Seven Sins of
Memory Three sins of forgettingThree sins of forgetting
• Absent-mindednessAbsent-mindedness
• TransienceTransience
• BlockingBlocking
Three sins of distortionThree sins of distortion
• MisattributionMisattribution
• SuggestibilitySuggestibility
• BiasBias
One sin of intrusionOne sin of intrusion
• PersistencePersistence
