An Ontology Based Approach for Sharing Distributed Educational

1. An Ontology based approach for sharing distributed Educational Resources Authors: Heitor Barros, Jonathas Magalhães andEvandro Costa heitor.barros@copin.ufcg.edu.br

2. Outline EducationalResourcesontheWeb Problem: Repositoriesintegration Ourproposal Overview IntegrationOntology Illustrative scenario Future work Conclusion

3. EducationalResourcesontheWeb Educational resources are widely available on the Web. Theycanbefoundin differentformats. Textdocuments; Videos; Applications; Blogs;

4. EducationalResourcesontheWeb Open EducationalResources(OER) initiative. Free access. Open license. This trend has led to the development of many OER Repositories. Wikieducator.org¹ -> 64 repositories. OER QualityProject² -> 98 repositories. 1 -> http://wikieducator.org/Exemplary_Collection_of_Open_eLearning_Content_Repositories 2 -> http://oerqualityproject.wordpress.com/2012/10/22/directory-of-oer-repositories

5. EducationalResourcesontheWeb However, theserepositorieswere not designed to communicate with each other. Lackofintegration. Users need to navigate over these repositories using different interfaces and websites in their searches. Users prefer generic search engines.[1] Google, Bing, Yahoo.

6. Problem: Repositoriesintegration Repositoriesintegration: Differentmetadataschemas. Heterogeneoussoftware plataforms. Differentcoursesstructures.

7. Related Work Metadatapatterns IEEE LOM[2] LRMI[3] SCORM[4] LinkedData Vidal et al.[5] Yu et al.[6] Piedraet al.[7] Ontologies www.linkedlifedata.com www.organic-edunet.eu www.meducator.net

8. Ourproposal CreateanOntologybasedapproach tointegrateEducationalResourcesontheWeb. Notjustputresourcestogether, butintegratethem. Define relationshipsbetweenresources.

9. OurproposalOverview

10. OurproposalIntegrationOntology IntegrationOntolgyisbasedonMathema’s[8] pedagogicalmodel. Organizes resources into Pedagogical Units (topics). Defines relationshipsaccordingtoPedagocialunits. It wascreatedin OWL Language (http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/). DesignedwithProtégéOwleditor (protege.stanford.edu/).

11. IntegrationOntology CourseModel CourseModeldefinesthepedagogicalunitsofadisciplineinastructuredway(HierarchicalandSequencingstructures).

12. IntegrationOntology CourseModel Domain belongs_to

13. IntegrationOntology CourseModel Domain belongs_to Topic2 Topic1 Topic3 TopicN ... has_topic has_topic has_topic has_topic

14. IntegrationOntology CourseModel Topic2 Topic1 Topic3 TopicN ... has_topic has_topic has_topic has_topic EducationalResources

15. IntegrationOntology Property:parent_of Thispropertyspecifiesthehierarchicalstructure.ItdefinesthattheformerTopicisageneralizationoftheotherone. ThesecondTopicisasub-topicofthefirstone. Polygons Triangles Penta- gons Parent_of Quadrila- terals Parent_of Parent_of

16. IntegrationOntology Property: next Thispropertyspecifiesthesequencingstructure.ItdefinesthatthecontentofsecondTopicissubsequenttothefirst. Polygons Triangles Penta- gons Next Quadrila- terals Next Next

17. Topics Topics IntegrationOntology MappingCourseModels. Property: Equivalent. Triangle Triangle Equivalent CourseModelA CourseModelB

18. Topics Topics IntegrationOntology MappingCourseModels Property: Specialized_by Triangle RightTriangle Specialized_by CourseModelA CourseModelB

19. Topics Topics IntegrationOntology MappingCourseModels. Property: Precedes. Polygon Polyhe- drons Precedes CourseModelA CourseModelB

20. Computer Networks Example

22. Computer Networks Example Individual:<Ontology.owl#model_Kurose> Types: <Ontology.owl#CourseModel> Facts: <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_LinkLayer>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Security>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_NetworkLayer>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Multimedia>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_ComputerNetworks>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Transport>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Aplication>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_WirelessAndMobile>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_root>, <Ontology.owl#has_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_NetworkManagement>, <Ontology.owl#belongs_to><Ontology.owl#domain_Networks>, <Ontology.owl#has_root_topic><Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Kurose_root>

28. Computer Networks Example Individual: <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_Application> Types: <Ontology.owl#Topic> Facts: <Ontology.owl#belongs_to_model> <Ontology.owl#model_Tanenbaum>, <Ontology.owl#is_equivalent_to> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Application>, <Ontology.owl#next_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_Security>

29. Computer Networks Example Individual: <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_LinkLayer> Types: <Ontology.owl#Topic> Facts: <Ontology.owl#belongs_to_model> <Ontology.owl#model_Kurose>, <Ontology.owl#specialized_by> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_MediumAccessControl>, <Ontology.owl#specialized_by> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_DataLinkLayer>, <Ontology.owl#next_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_WirelessAndMobile>

30. Computer Networks Example

31. Computer Networks Example Results for: topic_Tanembaum_Application http://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/VW7H2iL7SDKTx_NUpMREAg http://youtu.be/RAmyf9heMA0 https://tao.truststc.org/Members/jmitchell/computer_and_network_security/Public%20resources/lecture_12 Results from equivalent Topics: http://www.techopedia.com/definition/6006/application-layer topic_Kurose_Application http://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/SJmk2V2OR4ywen9-zrh0XQ topic_Kurose_Application http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer topic_Kurose_Application

32. Future Work IntegrationSystem development(In progress). FurtherevaluationofIntegrationOntology. Developmentoftools toassisttheannotationofEducationalResources.

33. Conclusion Despite the large number of educational repositories, it is still necessary to build mechanisms of integration. ThisworkproposesanOntologybasedapproach tointegrateEducationalResources. Preliminary results show that the Integration Ontology is a promising approach.

34. References 1.C.DichevandD.Dicheva.Isittimetochangetheoerrepositoriesrole?InProceedingsofthe12thACM/IEEE-CSjointconferenceonDigitalLibraries,pages31-34.ACM,2012. 2.F.NevenandE.Duval.Reusablelearningobjects:asurveyoflom-basedrepositories.InProceedingsofthetenthACMinternationalconferenceonMultimedia,pages291-294.ACM,2002. 3.LRMI,2013.LearningResourceMetadataInitiativeLRMISURVEYREPORTAugust2013Update, http://www.lrmi.net/resources/reports. 4.Bohl,O.etal.,2002.Thesharablecontentobjectreferencemodel(SCORM)-acriticalreview.ComputersinEducation,2002.Proceedings.InternationalConferenceon.IEEE. 5.J.C.Vidal,M.Lama,E.Otero-Garca,andA.Bugarn.Graph-basedsemanticannotationforenrichingeducationalcontentwithlinkeddata.Knowledge-BasedSystems,55:29-42,2014. 6.Yu,HongQing;Dietze,Stefan;Li,Ning;Pedrinaci,Carlos;Taibi,Davide;Dovrolls,Nikolas;Stefanut,Teodor; Kaldoudi,EleniandDomingue,John(2011).Alinkeddata-driven&service-orientedarchitectureforsharingeducationalresources.In:1stInternationalWorkshoponeLearningApproachesforLinkedDataAge(LinkedLearning2011),8thExtendedSemanticWebConference(ESWC2011),29May2011,Heraklion,Greece 7.N.Piedra,J.A.Chicaiza,J.Lopez,andE.Tovar.Anarchitecturebasedonlinkeddatatechnologiesfortheintegrationandreuseofoerinmoocscontext.OpenPraxis,6(2):171-187,2014. 8.EvandrodeBarrosCosta,ManoelA.Lopes,andEdilsonFerneda.1995.Mathema:ALearningEnvironmentBasedonaMulti-AgentArchitecture.InProceedingsofthe12thBrazilianSymposiumonArtificialIntelligence: AdvancesinArtificialIntelligence(SBIA'95),JacquesWainerandAriadneCarvalho(Eds.).Springer-Verlag, London,UK,UK,141-150.

35. Questions? heitor.barros@copin.ufcg.edu.br

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