Egyptian Religion

1. Egyptian
Religion

2. Religion
• It was a polytheistic religion.
• They wanted to provide for the gods and
be in the gods' favor.
• Approval = approval, support, or liking for
someone or something.
• Religious practices were centered around
the Pharaoh, who was descended from the
gods.

3. Religion
• Pharaoh was the intermediary between the
people and the gods.
• Intermediary = a person who acts as a link
between people in order to try and bring
about an agreement.
• Maintained order in the universe through
rituals and offerings.
• Individuals could interact with the gods by
praying and asking the gods to use magic.

4. Afterlife
• The belief in the afterlife was important, as
were the funeral practices.
• Great efforts were made to make sure their
souls survived after death.

5. Afterlife
• They made tombs, goods for the graves,
and offerings to the gods to preserve the
bodies and the spirits of the dead.
• Mummification!!!

6. Burial Customs
• Kings built pyramids for their tombs.

7. Burial Customs
• Mummification of the body
• Casting magic spells
• Burial with specific items needed in the
afterlife

8. Burial Customs
• Buried with decorated jars, figures,
furniture, jewelry, games, weapons,
make-up, and food.

9. Burial Customs for the
Pharaoh & Wealthy • Pharaoh's and nobles were sometimes
buried with their servants.
• Servants were killed when the Pharaoh
died so that the Pharaoh could have the
same lifestyle in the afterlife as in life.
• They were strangled or poisoned.
• Showed power over the people and
showed that the Pharaoh and the country
were worth dying for.

10. Burial Customs for the
Pharaoh & Wealthy
• Servants social status would raise in the
afterlife.
• Servants killed and buried with the
Pharaoh included: whores, minor palace
officials, court dwarfs, and dogs.
• More servants were buried with the
Pharaoh than the nobility.

11. Burial Customs for the
Pharoah & Wealthy
• King Aha had 41
servants killed and
buried with him.
• King Djer had 587
servants killed.
• King Djet had 236
servants killed.
• King Den had 230
servants killed.
• King Qaa had 30
servants killed.

12. Mummification
• Bodies were mummified,
• Wrapped in linen bandages,
• Covered with molded plaster
• Placed in stone sarcophagi or plain wooden
coffins.

13. Mummification
• Canopic containers held their internal
organs.
• Amulets of gold, faience, and carnelian
protected different parts of the body.

14. Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MQ5dL9cQX0

15. Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBlwUM9uFes

16. Amun
• Man with a ram-head
and an ostrich
plumed hat
• Amun was one of
the most powerful
gods in ancient
Egypt.
• He was called the
'King of the Gods'.

17. Anubis
• Man with a jackal
head
• Anubis was the
god
of embalming and
the dead.
• They believed
that Anubis
watched over the
dead.

18. Aten
• A sun disk with rays which end in hands
• Aten was a form of the sun god Ra.

19. Atum
• Man with the
double crown
• Atum was a
creator god.
• Atum was the first
god to exist on
earth.

20. Bastet
• Woman with the head of a cat
• Bastet was a protective
goddess.
• Bastet was usually seen as a
gentle protective goddess.
• She sometimes appeared with
the head of a lioness to protect
the king in battle.
• The cat was a symbol of
Bastet.
• Bastet was one of the
daughters of the sun god, Ra.

21. Bes
• Dwarf with lion
and human
features
• Bes was the
protector of
pregnant women,
newborn babies
and the family.
• Bes protected
against snake and
scorpion bites.

22. Hathor
• Woman with the ears of
a cow
• Woman with a
headdress of horns and
a sun disk
• Hathor was a
protective goddess.
She was also the
goddess of love and
joy.
• Hathor was the wife of
Horus, and was
sometimes thought of
as the mother of the
pharaoh.

23. Hapy
• Man with a pot belly,
shown with water
plants
• Hapy was the god of
the flood every year.

24. Horus
• Man with the
head of a hawk
• Horus was a god
of the sky.
• He was the
protector of the
ruler of Egypt.

25. Isis
• Woman with
headdress in the shape
of a throne.
• A pair of cow horns
with a sun disk.
• Isis was a protective
goddess.
• She used powerful
magic spells to help
people in need.

26. Khepri
• Man with the head
of a scarab beetle.
• Khepri was a god
of creation, the
movement of the
sun, and rebirth.

27. Khnum
• Man with the head
of a curly-horned
ram
• Khnum was a
creator-god,
molding people on
a potter's wheel.

28. Ma´at
• Woman with a
feather on her head
• Ma'at was the
goddess of truth,
justice and harmony.
• She was associated
with the balance of
things on earth.

29. Nephthys
• Woman with
headdress showing
her name
in hieroglyphs
• Nephthys was a
protective
goddess of the
dead.

30. Nun
• Man carrying a bark.
• According to an ancient Egyptian creation myth,
Nun was the waters of chaos.
• Nun was the only thing that existed on Earth
before there was land. Then, the first land (in the
form of a mound) rose out of Nun.

31. Nut
• Woman whose body arches across the sky,
wearing a dress decorated with stars.
• Nut was the sky-goddess, whose body created
a vault or canopy over the earth.
• At the end of the day, Nut swallowed the sun-god,
Ra, and gave birth to him again the next
morning.

32. Ra
• Man with hawk head
and headdress with a
sun disk.
• Ra was the sun god.
He was the most
important god of the
ancient Egyptians.
• He was swallowed
every night by the sky
goddess Nut, and was
reborn every morning.
• He travelled through
the underworld at night.

33. Shu
• Man wearing a headdress with feathers
• Shu was the god of the air.
• Shu held up the figure of Nut so that the
earth and the sky were separated.

34. Geb
• Man lying down below the arch of the sky
goddess Nut
• Man with a goose on his head
• Geb was the god of the earth.
• They believed that earthquakes were
Geb's laughter.

35. Osiris
• A mummified man
wearing a white
cone-like
headdress with
feathers
• Osiris was the god
of the dead,
resurrection,
fertility, and ruler
of the underworld.

36. Ptah
• Man wrapped in a
tight white cloak
carrying a staff
• Ptah was the god
of craftsmen.

37. Ra-Horakhty
• Man with the head
of a hawk, with a
sun disk headdress
• Ra-Horakhty was
a combination of
the gods Horus
and Ra.
• He was thought of
as the god of the
rising sun.

38. Sekhmet
• Woman with the
head of a lioness
• Sekhmet was the
goddess of war.

39. Seshat
• Woman wearing a
panther skin dress
and a star
headdress
• Seshat was the
goddess of writing
and measurement.

40. Seth
• Man with the head
of a 'Seth animal'
(unidentifiable)
• Seth was the god
of chaos.
• Seth represented
everything that
threatened
harmony in Egypt.

41. Sobek
• Man with the head
of a crocodile and
a headdress of
feathers and a
sun-disk
• Sobek was a Nile
god and protected
the Pharaoh.

42. Tawaret
• Head of a
hippopotamus with
the arms and legs of
a lion, the back and
tail of a crocodile,
and the breasts and
stomach of a
pregnant woman.
• Tawaret was a
goddess who
protected women
during pregnancy
and childbirth.

43. Tefnut
• Woman with the
head of a lioness
• Tefnut was the
goddess of
moisture.

44. Thoth
• A man with the head
of an ibis holding a
writing palette
• Thoth was the god
of writing and
knowledge.
• The ancient
Egyptians believed
that Thoth gave them
the gift
of hieroglyphic writing.
Thoth was also
connected with the
moon.

45. Mummification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBoXtO4Mcv4