1. French Absolutism World History Chapter 7

2. Absolutism a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by any other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites

3. French Absolutism

4. Henry IV of NavarrePont Neuf, Paris

5. Henry IV of Navarre Bourbon “Le Bon Roi Henri” State of France = mess (religious wars) Wedding of Henry IV to Margot de Valois (MOB = Catherine de’ Medici)

7. Huguenot = French Protestant

9. Edict of Nantes 1598 Ends French Wars of Religion Grants religious tolerance to Huguenots Huguenots could: Worship freely without persecution Fortify their towns and cities Greatly resented by Catholics

10. Reforms of Henry IV Government involved in all aspects of life in France  foundation for absolutism Government under Henry IV: Justice Dept. Built & improved roads Built bridges Revived agriculture Built royal bureaucracy Decreased power of nobles

11. Demise of Henry IV May 14, 1610 François Ravaillac stabbed Henry IV to death Ravaillac imprisoned, then drawn & quartered

12. The Assassination of Henry IV

13. Henry IVof NavarreTombBasilique St. Denis, Paris

14. Louis XIII Son of Henry IV and Marie de’ Medici (Henry’s 2nd wife) Inherited throne at the age of 9 Mom claimed regent

15. Tomb of Louis XIIIBasilique St. Denis, Paris

16. Cardinal Armand Richelieu Chief advisor to Louis XIII Laid foundation for absolutism Main goals: Destroy power of nobles Defeated private armies Destroyed fortified castles Brought them to court Destroy Huguenots Outlawed armies Still let them practice religion

17. Cardinal Jules Mazarin Chief minister to Louis XIV Picked up where Richelieu left off Barely escaped with life during La Fronde

18. Louis XIV Son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria Louis XIV’s birth considered a miracle Queen Anne childless after 23 years of marriage Prayed to Virgin Mary Val-de-Grâce (Benedictine Convent) built in gratitude

19. Louis XIV Louis XIV became king at age 5 Reigned for 72 years (54 personally) Name became synonymous with absolutism

20. La Fronde An uprising of the nobles, peasants, urban poor, and merchant classes Louis XIV (child) and Mazarin nearly died Major impact on Louis XIV and how he viewed the nobility

21. “L’etat c’est moi” “I am the state” Believed in divine right King is answerable to God alone Never called a meeting of Estates General Sun = Louis’ symbol (center of the universe) Defined absolutism

22. Louis XIV The Sun King

23. Reign of Louis XIV Expanded bureaucracy Built up Army Revoked Edict of Nantes Patron of the Arts Built Le Château de Versailles

24. Expanded Bureaucracy Appointed intendants Public officials (“civil service”) Usually upper and middle class The intendants Justice (oversaw courts) Police (protection & military affairs) Finance (taxes & financial affairs)

25. Jean-Baptiste Colbert Chief Financial Minister of Louis XIV Financial whiz Economy & trade flourished France still in debt (why???)

26. Colbert’s TombSt. EustacheParis

27. Built Up Army Paid, fed, trained, & supplied over 300,000 soldiers Built Hôtel des Invalides (military hospital)

28. Hôtel desInvalidesParis

29. Revoked Edict of Nantes October 1685 – Edict of Fontainebleau Perhaps his biggest mistake Protestantism made illegal Exodus of over 100,000 Huguenots (to Great Britain, Prussia, Dutch Republic, etc.)

30. Revoked Edict of Nantes France lost skilled workers with the exodus, thus negatively affecting France’s economy Also damaged Louis XIV’s reputation – bordering Protestant nations became more hostile

31. Patron of the Arts Louis XIV strongly supported the arts Brought to court Playwrights & authors Artists Composers & musicians

32. Portrait of MolièreMusée Carnavalet, Paris

33. Place de la Victoire

34. Louis XIVTomb of the Sun KingBasilique St. Denis Paris