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Pal gov.tutorial4.session10.zinnar
1.
1 PalGov © 2011
1 PalGov © 2011 الفلسطٌنٌة اإللكترونٌة الحكومة أكادٌمٌة The Palestinian eGovernment Academy www.egovacademy.ps Tutorial 4: Ontology Engineering & Lexical Semantics Session 10 Zinnar The Palestinian Interoperability Framework Dr. Mustafa Jarrar University of Birzeit mjarrar@birzeit.edu www.jarrar.info
2.
2 PalGov © 2011
2 PalGov © 2011 About This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1- 2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps University of Trento, Italy University of Namur, Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium TrueTrust, UK Birzeit University, Palestine (Coordinator ) Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Palestine Technical University, Palestine Université de Savoie, France Ministry of Local Government, Palestine Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine Ministry of Interior, Palestine Project Consortium: Coordinator: Dr. Mustafa Jarrar Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.edu
3.
3 PalGov © 2011
3 PalGov © 2011 © Copyright Notes Everyone is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part. No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full copyrights on the material. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC-BY-NC-SA This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non- commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.
4.
4 PalGov © 2011 Tutorial
Map Topic Time Session 1_1: The Need for Sharing Semantics 1.5 Session 1_2: What is an ontology 1.5 Session 2: Lab- Build a Population Ontology 3 Session 3: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3 Session 4: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3 Session 5: Lab- Ontology Tools 3 Session 6_1: Ontology Engineering Challenges 1.5 Session 6_2: Ontology Double Articulation 1.5 Session 7: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3 Session 8_1: Ontology Modeling Challenges 1.5 Session 8_2: Stepwise Methodologies 1.5 Session 9: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3 Session 10: Zinnar – The Palestinian eGovernment Interoperability Framework 3 Session 11: Lab- Using Zinnar in web services 3 Session 12_1: Lexical Semantics and Multilingually 1.5 Session 12_2: WordNets 1.5 Session 13: ArabicOntology 3 Session 14: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3 Session 15: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3 Intended Learning Objectives A: Knowledge and Understanding 4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, how it is built, and what it is used for. 4a2: Demonstrate knowledge of ontology engineering and evaluation. 4a3: Describe the difference between an ontology and a schema, and an ontology and a dictionary. 4a4: Explain the concept of language ontologies, lexical semantics and multilingualism. B: Intellectual Skills 4b1: Develop quality ontologies. 4b2: Tackle ontology engineering challenges. 4b3: Develop multilingual ontologies. 4b4: Formulate quality glosses. C: Professional and Practical Skills 4c1: Use ontology tools. 4c2: (Re)use existing Language ontologies. D: General and Transferable Skills d1: Working with team. d2: Presenting and defending ideas. d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving. d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning abilities.
5.
5 PalGov © 2011
5 PalGov © 2011 Outline and Session ILOs This session will help student to: 4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, how it is built, and what it is used for. 4a2: Demonstrate knowledge of ontology engineering and evaluation. 4b1: Develop quality ontologies.
6.
6 PalGov © 2011
6 PalGov © 2011 Zinnar Website http://www.zinnar.pna.ps
7.
7 PalGov © 2011
7 PalGov © 2011 What is eGovernment?
8.
8 PalGov © 2011
8 PalGov © 2011 What is e-Government (Simplified Demo) ? ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Ministry D Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Name: PIN: ########### ########### Authenticate Users 12345 e-Government is a (framework) to enable electronic services: government-to-government (G2G), government- to-business (G2B), and government-to-citizen (G2C).
9.
9 PalGov © 2011
9 PalGov © 2011 What is e-Government (Simplified Demo) ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Ministry D Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate List of allowed services Choose Renew Driving License Transport Interior Health
10.
10 PalGov © 2011
10 PalGov © 2011 What is e-Government (Simplified Demo) Ministry A Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate List of allowed services Choose Renew Driving License Name: Name: Name: ccc Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb <Query> ######## ######## ######## ######## <Query> = = = = = = = = = = <Query> = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Health Health Ministry C Interior Interior Ministry B Transport Transport Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world.
11.
11 PalGov © 2011
11 PalGov © 2011 What is e-Government (Simplified Demo) Ministry D Ministry C Transport Interior Health Ministry A Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate List of allowed services Choose Renew Driving License Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Interior Health Ministry B Transport Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world.
12.
12 PalGov © 2011
12 PalGov © 2011 What is e-Government (Simplified Demo) ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb <Query> = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world. A framework is needed allow this Interoperability between servers, taking into account the (Organizational, Technical, and Semantics) issues. Transport Interior Health
13.
13 PalGov © 2011
13 PalGov © 2011 e-Government (Data Messages) ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb <Query> = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world. A framework is needed allow this Interoperability between servers, taking into account the (Organizational, Technical, and Semantics) issues. Data Message <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <SOAP-ENV:Header> . . . <SOAP-ENV:Header> <SOAP-ENV:Body> . . . <Person> <PersonID>123456789</PersonID> <FName>Rula</FName> . . . <Nationality>PAL33</Nationality> . . . </SOAP-ENV:Body>
14.
14 PalGov © 2011
14 PalGov © 2011 e-Government Interoperability ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb <Query> = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world. A framework is needed allow this Interoperability between servers, taking into account the (Organizational, Technical, and Semantics) issues. Data Message <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <SOAP-ENV:Header> . . . <SOAP-ENV:Header> <SOAP-ENV:Body> . . . <Person> <PersonID>123456789</PersonID> <FName>Rula</FName> . . . <Nationality>PAL33</Nationality> . . . </SOAP-ENV:Body> We need to agree on and share: • Vocabulary (naming & codes) • Meaning of data • Structure of data =>We need an ontology,
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15 PalGov © 2011
15 PalGov © 2011 Why e-Goverment in Palestine? Like other countries: • To make the life of citizens easier • For effectiveness and transparency in public services. • Improve economy: more income, less spending And More: (To Bridge Palestinians) • To serve Palestinians who live inside but unable to reach public offices because of the hundreds of Israeli check-points between cities. • To connect and serve Palestinians refugees and foreigners (70% of Palestinians). Egov in Palestine is not a luxury, but a must (political, economy, social)
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16 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks The e-government project in Palestine is divided into five main frameworks: Infrastructure Security Interoperability Legal Policy
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17 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health 1. Infrastructure To connect ministries: • through the internet, or own network? • Who manages the network? • … Done! (See eGov Network)
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18 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health 1. Infrastructure 2. Security Framework To assure: • Ministry A is sure about the message sources (Ministry B). • Ministry B cannot deny sending the message. • The message cannot be changed in the middle. • …. Little progress!
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19 PalGov © 2011
19 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health 1. Infrastructure 2. Security Framework 3. Interoperability Framework To assure • The content of the exchanged messages is understood meaningfully. • Organizational procedures are compatible. • Technical issues and systems are compatible. • …. Done! (See Zinnar)
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20 PalGov © 2011
20 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health 1. Infrastructure 2. Security Framework 3. Interoperability Framework 4. Legal Framework • All communications are legally accepted. • Can a ministry deny providing a service? • What information is private, cannot be exchanged with other ministries • …. Some Progress(e-sig Law Drafted)
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21 PalGov © 2011 E-government Frameworks ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health 1. Infrastructure 2. Security Framework 3. Interoperability Framework 4. Legal Framework 5. Policy Framework • Which services to provide now and later. • Who should benefit from services (Green ID, Blue IDs, refugees and foreigner)? • …. Not Done!
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22 PalGov © 2011 The Interoperability Framework
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23 PalGov © 2011 Palestinian Interoperability Framework (Zinnar) Interoperability is divided into three types: 1- Semantic Interoperability The ability of computer systems to exchange data and have that data properly interpreted by the receiving system in the same sense as intended by the transmitting system. 2- Organizational Interoperability The ability of the government organisations to collaborate to achieve their mutually agreed goals. In practice, organisational interoperability is established through the integration of business processes and the related exchange of information. (read more) 3- Technical Interoperability The ability of organisation‟s systems to communicate and exchange data messages http//:zinnar.pna.ps
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24 PalGov © 2011 Palestinian Interoperability Framework (Zinnar) Semantic & Organizational Interoperability are (realized in five servers) Entity Server Address Server Database of Databases Service Repository Government Ontology Classification codes Entity mappings GIS-enabled Addresses Metadata about all state DBs Business Processes, AsIs-ToBe, WSDL, UDDI CommitTo http//:zinnar.pna.ps Technical Interoperability e-Government Service Bus (Service-Oriented Architecture ) Tech Standards SOAP, WSDL, UTF-8…
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25 PalGov © 2011 How to use the Ontology? Ministry D Ministry C Transport Interior Health Ministry A Metadata Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Interior Health Ministry B Transport Message3 Message2 Message1 Message4 Ontology The (naming, meaning, data structure) in all exchanged messages commit to the Ontology
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26 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology: Why do we need it? E D C B A • Why do we really need a “Framework” to agree on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, …? • Can‟t we simply agree on all of this “ad-hoc”, without a framework or ontology? F Suppose • A governmental agency A provides a certain service to agency B. • The developers from agency B must understand/(agree with the developers from agency A) on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, business rules, … This must be done for all other agencies that want to consume certain services from A.
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27 PalGov © 2011
27 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology: Why do we need it? A B C D E F Suppose B is the provider of the services … • Why do we really need a “Framework” to agree on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, …? • Can‟t we simply agree on all of this “ad-hoc”, without a framework or ontology?
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28 PalGov © 2011
28 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology: Why do we need it? A B C D E F • Why do we really need a “Framework” to agree on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, …? • Can‟t we simply agree on all of this “ad-hoc”, without a framework or ontology? Suppose C is the provider of the services …
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29 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology: Why do we need it? A B C D E F Building the Palestinian e-Government “ad-hoc” is not scalable. • Why do we really need a “Framework” to agree on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, …? • Can‟t we simply agree on all of this “ad-hoc”, without a framework or ontology?
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30 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology: Why do we need it? Building the Palestinian e-Government “ad-hoc” is not scalable. A B E F C D Ontology We need a framework (Ontology), such that: • The WSDL of a service “commits” to the Ontology. • The consumer of the service refers to the ontology to understand the meaning, structure and business rules pertaining to the data. • Why do we really need a “Framework” to agree on the naming, meaning, structure of the data, …? • Can‟t we simply agree on all of this “ad-hoc”, without a framework or ontology?
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31 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server
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32 PalGov © 2011 e-Government (Data Messages) ######## ######## ######## ######## Transport Interior Health Ministry A Ministry B Ministry C Metadata Authentication Server Payment Server <Query> <Query> Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb <Query> = = = = = = = = = = Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Ministry D Transport Interior Health Servers interoperate among each other to exchange data messages (to implement an e-service), similar to exchanging papers between ministries in the real world. A framework is needed allow this Interoperability between servers, taking into account the (Organizational, Technical, and Semantics) issues. Data Message <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <SOAP-ENV:Header> . . . <SOAP-ENV:Header> <SOAP-ENV:Body> . . . <Person> <PersonID>123456789</PersonID> <FName>Rula</FName> . . . <Nationality>PAL33</Nationality> . . . </SOAP-ENV:Body> Such codes should be standardized between the service provider and the consumer
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33 PalGov © 2011 How to use the Entity Server? Ministry D Ministry C Transport Interior Health Ministry A Metadata Payment Server Portal Renew License Register Car Renew Passport Register New born Copy of Birth Certificate Name: Name: Name: ccc Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Vvvv bbbbb Aaa aaa aaa a aaaaa Bbbbb bbbb a bb aaa Interior Health Ministry B Transport Message3 Message2 Message1 Message4 Entity Server Using the same entity codes when transferring data between governmental agencies. All entities (codes, names, and mappings) appear in data messages should defined in the Entity Server.
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34 PalGov © 2011 How to use the Entity Server? • Governmental agencies cannot communicate without the Entity Server. • Service providers and consumers don‟t have to change their internal databases, but when exchanging messages they have to use those shared entities. Entity Server NationalityCode NationalityName PSE فلسطيني . . . Code Name PAL فلسطين . . . Nationality فالسطيني . . . . . . <NationalityCode>PSE<NationalityCode/> . . . Agency A Agency B
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35 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server
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36 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server (example entity)
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37 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server (mapping tables)
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38 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server (Methodology) • For each Entity, we: – provide the classification in different formats: (Web service (XML), xls, sql, html). – provide Documentation that also serves as log/history document of the Entity. – make sure the developed standards cover tables used in different governmental agencies.
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39 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server
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40 PalGov © 2011 The Entity Server (entity-identity mappings) In case same entities (e.g. people) are identified differently across organizations, exchanging data about such entities requires that their identities are mapped to each other For example: (Passportnumber1, Passportnumber2) of the same person, (IDNumber, Name-Bdate-BirthPlace) of the same person, (A.Platnumber, B.platenumber) of the same car; or (A.landnumber, B.landcode) of the same land. A mapping table should be built to link different identities of the same entity. Such entity-identity mappings are stored in the Entity server.
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41 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Entity Server • The entity server is governed by the ontology. • A value constraint in the ontology module is linked with a table in the entity server. • That is, the allowed values for a concept in the ontology is limited by a certain set of the entities in the Entity server. • For example, the list of values for “BirthCountry” in the ontology must be one of the “CountriesAndNationalities” in the entity server.
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42 PalGov © 2011 The address server
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43 PalGov © 2011 The address server: Why do we need it? Addressing info is not consistent across all governmental agencies • E.g., different agencies register different names/numbers for the same building/street/area/region. • In addition, how to know that „Beit Sahour Str‟ is part of „Beit Sahour ‟, and that „Beit Sahour ‟ is part of „Bethlahem‟. In order for different governmental agencies to interoperate, they must use the same address system. Street Beit Sahour St Street Shepherds Field Street Karkafe Street agency A agency B agency C Currently: citizens have different address cross ministries; ministries cannot register full address; different spellings of towns and streets; ministries cannot send official letters to citizens, etc.
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44 PalGov © 2011 The Address Server
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45 PalGov © 2011 The Address Server
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46 PalGov © 2011 The Address Server One of the major problems that face Governmental agencies when building e-Government services and exchanging data electronically is the inconsistency of addressing information across different governmental agencies (e.g., different agencies register different names/ numbers for the same building/ street/ area/ region). In order to interoperate, different governmental agencies must use the same address for a certain person. As a solution to the problem, we propose the address server. The address server is a repository of addresses that would contain all the addressing Information including building numbers, street names, postcodes, and regions. Basically, an address is an entity and thus it could have been included within the Entity Server. However, due to the complexity of the addressing system in general and the requirements of the Palestinian addressing system that is being developed, the address Entity is treated separately. Currently, the address server contains the Palestinian postcodes that were recently developed by the Ministry of Telecom & IT. The newly developed Palestinian Postcode system represented the first step towards establishing a modern addressing system for Palestine. The postcode consists of four digits (from W100 - W799) in Westbank and (G800 – G999) in Gaza Strip, such that the areas of the Westbank and Gaza Strip were divided into 900 postcode zones. For instance, Jenin was divided into 100 zones (from W200 - W299) while Bethlehem was divided into 50 zones (W150 - W199). The Palestinian postcodes data is presented currently on this page using a GIS web application on an interactive map that allows the user to search and navigate addressing data easily, and it is also presented using a tabular form. In addition, GIS street information for several cities in Palestine will be added very soon.
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47 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Address Server That is, the value constraint on „Address‟ should be limited to the address provided in the Address server.
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48 PalGov © 2011 Database of State Databases
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49 PalGov © 2011 Database of State Databases A typical problems in governments (and large enterprises) is that same data is collected and registered in many different databases. For example: your profile might be registered differently in 15 ministries. The more the data is repeatedly registered in many databases, the more difficult the interoperability and integration will be. In addition, If you change your address, mobile, or number of children, you have to go and change it in every ministry.
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50 PalGov © 2011 Database of State Databases To develop and maintain e-Government services, metadata about state databases should be collected and maintained in a registry of databases. Such metadata includes at least the following information: Name of the database, owner, type of the registered data, repository usage, the year the database was built in, number of records, number of records added per day, percentage of automated data, type of automated data, degree of coverage, condition of the data. When a ministry creates a database, it should register it in the database of databases, and provides metadata about it. In this way, it will be clear what data exists, and who holds/registers which data. In some courtiers, ministers are forced by law to license each database they have, and they have to specify exactly the purposes/usage of this database.
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51 PalGov © 2011 Database of State Databases
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52 PalGov © 2011 Database of State Databases
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53 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Database of State Databases All (or the relevant) fields in all databases are linked with a concept in the ontology.
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54 PalGov © 2011 Service Repository
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55 PalGov © 2011 Service Repository • Metadata about e-governmental services will be collected and kept in a repository of services. • Such metadata includes specifications of: • Formal description of governmental services (including the AS- IS and TO-BE business processes models), • Web services (WSDL) , • Web service repository (UDDI).
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56 PalGov © 2011 Business Process modeling • There is typically a set of services that a ministry provides to citizens, to enterprises, and to other governmental institutions. • Such services (called business processes) for all ministries should be well defined (formal AS-IS and TO-BE models); or at least those services that need to be provided.
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57 PalGov © 2011 Service Repository: governmental Business Processes As-is process model Re-engineered process “To-be model”
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58 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Service Governance . . . . . . . . . <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <definitions xmlns="http://xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"> . . . <element name=“Citizen“> . . . <service name=“CitizenProfileService">. . .</service> </definitions> Citizen CitizenProfile Service Service Specification WSDL Government Ontology Database of State Databases FirstName Registry (1) Registered Data FirstName, … . . . . . . Provided Services Citizen Profile Service, … Implements Maps to Commits to Commits to Business Process Models
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59 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Service Governance . . . . . . . . . <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <definitions xmlns="http://xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"> . . . <element name=“Citizen“> . . . <service name=“CitizenProfileService">. . .</service> </definitions> Citizen CitizenProfile Service Service Specification WSDL Government Ontology Database of State Databases FirstName Registry (1) Registered Data FirstName, … . . . . . . Provided Services Citizen Profile Service, … Implements Maps to Commits to Commits to Business Process Models Government ontology describes not only the data but also the services (classification). Thus, not only the data in WSDL files are rooted and linked with concepts in the ontology but also the services names (web services) are also linked and rooted in the ontology In this way, as web services are sub processes in the ASIS and TOBEs, it implies a link between the business process and ontology.
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60 PalGov © 2011 The Government Ontology in more details
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61 PalGov © 2011 Ontology-based Service Governance The Government Ontology can be viewed as a framework (or a standard) that consists of the agreed-upon vocabulary (naming), meaning, structure and business rules pertaining to the data exchanged in e-Government services.
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62 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology – What is it? The Government Ontology is a formal description of the terminology (concepts and their interrelationships) that are communicated in the Government domain. so that all the terminology in the web services is mapped to (commits to) this ontology.
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63 PalGov © 2011
63 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology – How it was built? • The Government Ontology in Palestine was built smoothly with low cost. • Only two persons were involved, and it was delivered at a short time; • Few meetings with some domain experts were conducted. The way the ontology was engineered was effective, mainly, because: The ontology was modularized into several modules, The notion of gloss, to also informally describe concepts, The use of ORM, to model and graphically represent the ontology.
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64 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology – What is it? The Government Ontology is modularized into separate (but connected) modules. Such modules are: Legal Person, Address, Organization, Car, Land.
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65 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology – How it was built? The Government Ontology is modularized into separate (but connected) modules. Such modules are: Legal Person, Address, Organization, Car, Land. Modularization is based on (Modularity criteria): 1. Subject-oriented 2. Purpose/Task-oriented 3. Stability Modules are: 1. Easier to reuse 2. Easier to build, maintain, and replace 3. Enable distributed development of modules 4. Enable the effective management and browsing
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66 PalGov © 2011 Zinnar – Palestinian Government Ontology Still more topics need to be covered
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67 PalGov © 2011 Zinnar – Palestinian Government Ontology Legal-Person Module
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68 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology (Example) Each Module consists of three components: (1) ORM Diagram, (2) Glossary, (3) Business Rules. ORM Diagram Glossary Business Rules
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69 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology (Example) Each Module consists of three components: (1) ORM Diagram, (2) Glossary, (3) Business Rules. ORM Diagram Glossary Business Rules 1- ORM Diagram
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70 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology (Example) Each Module consists of three components: (1) ORM Diagram, (2) Glossary, (3) Business Rules. ORM Diagram Glossary Business Rules 2- Glossary
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71 PalGov © 2011 Government Ontology (Example) Each Module consists of three components: (1) ORM Diagram, (2) Glossary, (3) Business Rules. ORM Diagram Glossary Business Rules 3- Business Rules كشركة سجلت إذا إال الربح بقصد عمل أي ُامع تتعاطى أن ًاشخص عشرٌن من أكثر تضم لمجموعة ٌجوز ال القانون بمقتضى محدودة مساهمة . السهم قٌمة تقل وال القٌمة متساوٌة أسهم إلى وٌقسم ،األردنٌة بالعملة ٌكون ًاألسهم المال رأس مقدار دنانٌر عشرة على تزٌد وال واحد دٌنار عن االسمٌة .
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72 PalGov © 2011 References Mustafa Jarrar, Anton Deik, Bilal Faraj: Ontology-based Data and Process Governance Framework -The Case of e-Government Interoperability in Palestine. In pre-proceedings of the IFIP International Symposium on Data-Driven Process Discovery and Analysis (SIMPDA‟11). ISBN 978-88-903120-2-1. Campione, Italy. June 30, 2011. www.zinnar.pna.ps
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