1. Knowledge about Visha, Upavisha
& Metalic preparations.
Knowledge of formulations
containing Visha, Upavisha & Rasa
aushadhis.
Dr.Janardan Panday
Former Joint Advisor (Ay)
&
Addl.Drug Controller
Deptt. Of AYUSH G.O.I

2. THE DRUGS AND
COSMETICS ACT, 1940
Divided Into Five Chapters
contains
38 Sections

3. The First Schedule
Ayurveda
1. Arogya Kalpadruma
2. Arka Prakasha
3. Arya Bhishak
4. Ashtanga Hridaya
5. Ashtanga Samgraha
6. Ayurveda Kalpadruma
7. Ayurveda Prakasha
8. Ayurveda Samgraha
9. Bhaishajya Ratnavali
10. Brihat Bhaishajya Ratnakara
11. Bhava Prakasha
12. Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara
13. Charaka Samihita
14. Chakra Datta
15. Gada Nigraha
16. Kupi Pakva Rasayana
17. Nighantu Ratnakara
18. Rasa Chandanshu
19. Rasa Raja Sundara
20. Rasaratna Samuchaya
21. Rasatantra Sara Va Siddha
Prayoga Sangraha—Part 1
22. Rasa Tarangini
23. Rasa Yoga Sagara
24. Rasa Yoga Ratnakara
25. Rasa Yoga Samgraha
26. Rasendra Sara Samgraha
27. Rasa Pradipika
28. Sahasrayoga
29. Sarvaroga Chikitsa Ratnam
30. Sarvayoga Chikitsa Ratnam
31. Sharangadhara Samhita
32. Siddha Bhaishajya Manimala
33. Sidha Yoga Samgraha
34. Sushruta Samhita
35. Vaidya Chintamani
36. Vaidyaka Shabda Sindu
37. Vaidyaka Chikitsa Sara
38. Vidya Jiwan
39. Vasava Rajeeyam
40. Yoga Ratnakara
41. Yoga Tarangini
42. Yoga Chintamani
43. Kashyapasamhita
44. Bhelasamhita
45. Vishwanathachikitsa
46. Vrindachikitsa
47. Ayurvedachintamani
48. Abhinavachintamani
49. Ayurveda-Ratnakara
50. Yogaratnasangraha
51. Rasamrita
52. Dravyagunanighantu
53. Rasamanijari
54. Banagasena
54A Ayurvedic Formulary of India (Part-I)
54B Ayurveda Sara Samgraha
54C Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India

4. Conti…
Siddha
55 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu
56 Therayar Maha Karisal
57 Brahma Muni Karukkadai (300)
58 Bhogar (700)
59 Pulippani (500)
60 Agasthiyar Paripuranam (400)
61 Therayar Yamagam
62 Agasthiyar Chenduram (300)
63 Agasthiyar (1500)
64 Athmarakshamrutham
65 Agasthiyar Pin (80)
66 Agasshiyar Rathna Chrukkam
67 Therayar Karisal (300)
68 Veeramamuni Nasa Kandam
69 Agasthiyar (600)
70 Agasthiyar Kanma Soothiram
71 Siddar’s Chillarai Kovai
72 Yog Vatha Kaviyam
73 Therayar Tharu
74 Agasthiyar Vaidya Kaviyam (1500)
75 Bala Vagadam
76 Chimittu Rathna (Rathna)
Churukkam
77 Nagamuni (200)
78 Agasthiyar Chillarai Kovai
79 Chikicha Rathna Deepam
80 Agasthiyar Nayana Vidhi
81 Yugi Karisal (151)
82 Agasthiyar Vallathi (600)
83 Therayar Thaila Varkam
84 Siddha Formulary of India (Part I)]
Unani Tibb System
1 Karabadin Qadri
2 Karabadin Kabir
3 Karabadin Azam
4 Ilaj-ul-Amraz
5 Al Karabadin
6 Biaz Kabir Vol. II
7 Karabadin Jadid
8 Kithalf-ul-Taklis
9 Sanat-ul-Taklis
10 Mifta-ul-Khazain
11 Madan-ul-Aksir
12 Makhzan-ul-murabhat
13 National Formulary of Unani
Medicine (Part I)

5. SCHEDULE E (1)
[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including
Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A. AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
Drugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn.
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn.)R. Br. ex. Ait.
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn. F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn.
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull. Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn..
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn.
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn.
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm.
II Drugs of Animal Origin .
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B. SIDDHA SYSTEM
Abini Papaver Somniferum Linn.
Alari Nerium indicum Mill.
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn.
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad.
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn.
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill.
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait.
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn.
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn.
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn.
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn.
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn.
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn.
Karia polam Aloe sp.
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb.
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn.
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn.
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn.
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall.
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn.
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn.
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam.
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp.
C. UNANI SYSTEM
I Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn.
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn.
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz, Asfar, Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white, yellow, black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)

6. AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
• Drugs of vegetable origin
• Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn.
• Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn.)R. Br. ex. Ait.
• Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn. F
• Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn.
• Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull. Arg
• Dhattura Datura metal Linn..
• Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn.
• Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
• Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
• Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
• Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
• Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
• Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
• Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn.
• Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol

7. AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
• II Drugs of Animal Origin .
• Sarpa Visha Snake poison
• III Drugs of Mineral Origin
• Gauripashana Arsenic
• Hartala Arseno sulphide
• Manahashila Arseno sulphide
• Parada Mercury
• Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
• Tuttha Copper sulphate
• Hingula Cinnabar
• Sindura Red oxide of lead
• Girisindura Red oxide of mercury

8. Synonyms of visha
• विषं हालाहलं ब्रह्मपुत्रं सौरष्ट्र्काहव्यम
• प्रदीपनं दारदाख्यं काकोलं शौक्तिके यकं
• अहहछत्रम मेषशृङ्गं क्ष्िेडो हैमििं स्मृिं
• िथा वपप्पलपािालमललनानन च के िलम्
• Visha,Halahal,Brahm-putra,Sourashtra,
• Pradeepana,Darada,Kakola,souktikeya,Ahichhatra,Meshsh
ringi,Kustha,Haimavata,Pippala,
• Patala,Malina&Kambala

9. Visha
The word Visha is derived from the root ‘vis’ (vyaptau)
having ‘kt’pratyaya which means to encompass or to get
fully pervaded or to get occupied.
Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha
2 . A substance which causes sadness to the world is
also called as visha.
Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance
which is life threatening or produces many other
complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness.

10. Visha&Bheshja
In Ayurvedic classics, after proper processing, many visha
dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because, dose
differentiates a drug from poison, a medicine at one dose,can
serve as visha or poison at the other. Hence, a substance
which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as
visha. Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties
which are responsible for its fatality in
smaller dose. Action of visha i.e. poison in context of its
gunas, vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very
elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts. Visha whenused by
proper yukti (justification) can be converted tobheshaja

11. contd
The treatment of visha vegas, in a very systematic
manner, according to twenty four upakramas are also
explained in different texts. These vega- lakshanas and
upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha.
So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is
necessary to understand its gunas. Authors of different
classical texts of Ayurveda described their view
regarding the types, properties, actions of visha dravya
and their management, in a scattered manner.

12. Brief History
The history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries. The mythological
concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe
by lord Bramha .Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana. References
regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas. In Atharvaveda (1500
B.C.),description of two types of visha i.e sthavara and jangama and their management
through mantrachikitsa is narrated. In Ramayana (500 B.C.), Rama and Lakshmana were
treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four
types of herbs from Himalaya. In Mahabharata (400 B.C.13), poisoned Bhima was treated by
the sarpavisha. Further, a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment
of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata. Brahmavaivarta Purana (3/51)
(600 B.C. to 700 A.D.) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi
which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time. In Kautiliya
Arthashastra(363 B.C.), a book not related to toxicology, many references regarding visha
particularly description regarding kalakuta, vatsanabha, halahala, meshasringa, musta, kushtha,
mahavisha, vellitaka, gaurardra, balaka, markata, haimavata, kalingaka,daradaka, kolasaraka,
ushtraka, are mentioned .
Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa/ Agadatantra/ Vishatantra
Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and
treatment of visha. These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a
well developed branch in ancient India

13. Classification
Visha, basing upon its origin, has been classified into two categories
viz. Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and
mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are
narrated as ten and sixteen respectively.
Further it is also classified as
Akritrimavisha(naturalpoison) And
kritrimavisha/Garavisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison)
Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two i.e. sthavara and jangama
Certain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various
manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc.

14. Sources of poison
• three varities of poison
1,Sthavar,2 Jangam 3,Gara
1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root, leaves, Fruits, Flowers,
Bark, lactate, Exudate, wood, metals & Tubers)
2 jangam 16 sources-(sight, Respiration, Dead body,
touch, teeth, Mouth, Nail, Bone, Urine, Stool,
Semen, Mense, Saliva, Stinge, Bile, Blood)

15. Therapeutically useful species
• सतिुकं मुष्ट्रिकं शृङ्गी बालुकं सषषपाहव्यं
• ित्सनाभञ्च कू मषञ्च श्िेिशृङ्गी िथाष्ट्रटमम्
• 1,saktuka------------ 2 Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandus
• 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------
• 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------
• 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite

18. Properties of Poison
रूक्षमुष्ट्रणं िथा िीक्ष्णम सूक्ष्ममाशु व्यिानय च
विकाशी विसरन्च्चैि लब्धपाकी च ित्स्मृिं
िद्रौक्ष्यात्कोपयेद्िायु मौष्ट्र्याक्त्पत्तं स शोणणिं
मानसम ् मोहये िैक्ष््याि् अङ्ग बन्चधः नछनत्यवप
शरीराियिान सौक्ष््यात्प्रविशेि् विकरोनि च
आशुत्िादाशु िद््नक्न्चि व्यिायाि प्रकृ निं भजेि्
क्षारये्च विकालशत्िाद दोषान्चधािु मलानवप
िैसयाषदनिरर्येि दुक्स्चककत्स्यस्च लाघिाि
दुजषरं चाविपाककत्िाि् िस्माि् तलेशयिे चचरं
सद्यो व्यापदयेत्तत्तु ज्ञेयं दशगुणाक्न्चििम ्
ह्यष्ट्रटौिेगा प्रजायन्चिे सहसा विष शीललनः

19. Stage wise symptoms
प्रशमः प्रथमे िेगे ,द्वििीये िेपथुभषिेि
दाहो िेगे िृिीये िु चिूथे च विचेक्ष्ट्रटिा
फे नन्चिु पञ्चमे िेगे षष्ट्रठे स्कन्चध प्रभञ्जनं
जडिा सप्िमे िेगे मरणं चाष्ट्रटमे भिेि्
विष िेगानननिज्ञात्िा मन्चत्रद्रव्यैविषनाशयेि
अनिमात्रं यदा भुतिं िदात्िं टन्चकणम् वपबेि्

20. Management
रजनीं मेघनादञ्च सपाषक्क्षं ि घृिाक्न्चििं
ललहेद िा मधुसवपषभयां चूणणषिां अजुषनत्िकं
िानिमात्रे विषेभुतिे िमनं कारयेि बुधः
अजा दुग्धं प्रदद्या्च िाक्न्चि ननग्रहणाय िै
िमनं राक्जका चूणषलिणिारर शीलनाि
मदनास्यफलेनेनि मीन् धौिांबुनावप िा

21. Technique for Human consumption
त्रत्रशूललकाम अश्िगन्चधाम ् गोक्जहिाम त्रत्रफ़लाम ्
िथा
प्रथमं भक्षनयत्िा च सेियेद्चध विषम िरम
ब्रह्मचयं प्रयत्नेन विषकल्पे सदाचरेि ्
गव्यक्षीर घृिं पेयं शाल्यन्चनं भक्षयेि सदा
जाङ्गलानन च मान्चसानन छागलानन िथैि च
शकष रा माक्क्षकं चैि शीिं द्रव्यं च सेियेि

22. Dose for consumption
प्रथमा साषषपीमात्रा द्वििीया सषषपद्ियं
िृिीये च चिूथे च पञ्चमे हदिसे िथा
षष्ट्रठे च सप्िमे चैि क्रं िृद््या वििधषयेि्
सप्ि सषषप मात्रेण प्रथमं सप्िके भजेि्
क्रम हान्चया िथा सेव्यं द्वििीये सप्िके विषं
यिमात्रम् िथा देयं िृिीये सप्िके क्रमाि्
िृद्चध हान्चया च दािव्यं चिूथे सप्िके िथा
यि मात्रं ग्रसेत्स्िस्थो गुञ्जा मात्रञ्च कु ष्ट्रठिान

23. Season of consumption
• विषं योज्यं मुहदिे भानौ सदा शीि िसन्चियोः
• ग्रीष्ट्रमे चात्यचधके व्याधौ ण िषाषसु न दुहदषने

24. Do’s during consumption
• घृिं क्षीरं लसिां क्षौद्रं गोधूमं लसद्ध ि्डुलं
• मररचं सैन्चधिं द्राक्षां मधुरं पानकं हहमं
• ब्रह्मचयं हहमं देशं हहमं कालं हहमं जलं
• श्रेष्ट्रठं सिे भजेन्चनूनं हहिाय विषभक्षकः

25. Don’ts during consumption
• कट्ि्ल लिणं िैलं हदिास्िप्नानलािपान्
• िजषयेदचधकाहारं नाप्नोनि मृत्युिोभयं

26. िजषनीय विषाणण
• कालकू टं मेषशृङ्गी हालाहलश्च दादुषरम
• ककष टं मकष टम् ग्रक्न्चथ हाररद्रं रतिचश्रङ्चगकं
• के शरं दशमंचेनि िजषनीयंलभष्ट्रग्िरैः
• चचत्रमुत्पल कन्चदाभं सुवपष्ट्रटं सतिुिि भिेि्
• सतिुकन्चिु विजानीयाद्हदघं िेगं महोल्िणम्

27. Pharmacology & Therapeutics
ित्सनाभं कटु स्िेद्यम् नितिं मूत्रेल्मेि च आग्नेयं
िेद्न्नं च सादनम् शूलनाशनं
अलभघाि रुजं हक्न्चि विषपं कफजान गदान
आमिािं महाघोरं हृद्रोगमवप दारुणम्
पु्डरीकं सविषफ़ोटम् श्िेिमौदु्बरं िथा
नछन्चन लभन्चनस्च कापालं क्तलन्चनाहं शिगक्न्चध हह

28. Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still
practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory
procedures). Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after
proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara. The concept of Shodhana
was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti
Dravanti Kalpadhyaya. To reduce the ‘Vikasi’ property of Danti root,Charaka
mentioned it as ‘Samaskara’ Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana
of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and 'Bhallataka.
The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of
purification/detoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the
potency an efficacy of the drug. It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha)
purified by cow’s urine is converted to cardiac stimulant, whereas raw Aconite
is cardiac depressant. It is clearly mentioned in ‘Bhava Prakasa’ that the
bad/toxic effects attributed to ‘Asodhita Visas’ are minimized when these are
used after being subjected to ‘Sodhana’ process. Hence ‘Vishas’ should be
subjected for ‘Sodhana’ before being used in therapeutics

29. Vatsanabha formulations in AFI part I
• 8:46 Mahavishgarbha Tel (Sl.No.54,57)
• 8:a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)
• 8:56 VranaRakshas Tel(7)
• 12:1 AgniTundiVati(2)
• 12:4 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)
• 12:13 Dugdha Vati (1)
• 12:32 SankhaVati(10)
• 12:33 Sowbhagya Vati(2)
• 12:35 Sanjeevani Vati(10)
• 20:2 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)
• 20:3 Anandbhairav Ras(2)
• 20:8 Kaphaketu Ras(4)

30. Contd. Vatsanabha AFI-I
• 20:18 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)
• 20:20 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)
• 20:22 NagvallabhaRas(10)
• 20:23 PrabhakarRas(4)
• 20:28 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)
• 20:37 LaghvanandRas(4)
• 20:38 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)
• 20:24 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)
• 20:49 SvasKutharRas(3)
• 20:51 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)
• 20:52 SutShekharRas(4)
• 20:53 shuchika BharanRas(4)

31. Visha Dravya (Poisonous
Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as
medicines e.g. many of the of the poisonous plants as well as
rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are
used, after proper processing, widely in the treatment without any
adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the
diseases.Visha dravyas, along with their undesirable properties, are
also incorporated with certain desirable properties, by which they
act faster than other medicines or plants.Further, to make these
properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory)
procedures are explained in the classical texts, which may be
helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous
substances

32. Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas
of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by
anirdeshya rasa (Charaka).A visha dravya, having all these ten
gunas to its maximum extent, is called as mahavisha, while those
having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are
termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas
to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of
anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century A.D.) has stated
certain extra
Gunas of visha dravya like chhedi, madavaha, jivitahara and
yogavahi

33. Visha Dravya and its Action
On the basis of the actions on various components of body, the
probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described
in Ayurveda. It produces distress of the body constituents,
burning sensation and putrefaction. Vishada guna, does not
contain any mucous nature and doesn’t stop anywhere in the
body, passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation. In
this way, visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and
becomes complicated to treat. Vikasi guna breaks the bonding
between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus
(dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function.
Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its
possessing guna. For instance the domination of ruksha guna
will lead to the vitiation of vata, domination of sukshma guna
lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others, while
domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three
marmas of the body i.e.shira, hridaya and basti and may lead to
murchha, sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata.

34. Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunas
to both Madya and visha, where the intensity of the Guna
of visha is more than that of madya.
Study of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment. Since the
basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or
diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease
should be used for its treatment.

35. Treatement Principle for visha
Treatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done through.daivavyapashraya,
yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not different.
Daivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of
mantra. Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa i.e. ashvasana which is very
important while treating snake bite.
During yuktivyapashraya chikitsa.For the management of visha, the drug or formulation
used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of oja.
Accordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the
treatment of visha.as Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to
its normalcy by these drugs.
Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such
conditions. Due to its yogavahi nature,as it can acquire the gunas of the substance with
which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara
property. So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditions.Due to its
madhura, snigdha, shita, mrudu, shlakshna, ojasya,jivaniya gunas which acts to pacify
visha.Goghrita is considered as superior. Acharyas have also explained use of various
formulations in toxic conditions. These formulations are called as agada.

36. Review of Literature for visha
• In literature ‘Rasarnava’ appears to be the first text to mention about ‘Visa’
‘Upavisa’ classification. After‘Rasarnava’, ‘Rasa Ratnakara’, ‘Rasendra
Cudamani’ and‘Rasa Ratna Samucchaya’ have mentioned about five
‘Visas’while other texts like ‘Rasendra Cintamani’, ‘SarngadharaSamhita’,
Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as ‘Visas’.
The Author of‘Rasatarangini’ (20th A D) described only ‘Vatsanabha’ in‘Visa’
group considering its medicinal importance, common availability and frequent
use in therapeutics. The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included
in ‘Upavisa’ group by this text. The literary review on the subject revealed that
there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of
‘Upavisa’ group. ‘Rasarnava Kara’ mentioned five dravyas in ‘upavisa; group,
while ‘RasaratnaSamucchaya Kara’ and ‘Rasendra Cintamani Kara’enumerated
seven drugs; in later texts like ‘AyurvedaPrakasa’ and ‘Yogaratnakara’ it is
raised up to nine while in‘Rasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven.
• Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of
poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been
recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed.

37. Sl UPV
ISH
A
Rasa
rnava
RRS R.Ci. BP R Sa
Ka
RKD AyP Y.R Suta
pradi
Ra
Tar
1 Snuhi
kshee
ra
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 Arka
kseer
a
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhat
ura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karv
eera
+ + + + + + + + + +

38. 5 Lang
ali
+ + + + halin
i
+ + + + +
6 Vish
mush
ti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijay
a
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilak
a
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunj
a
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahip
hena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayap
al
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPV
ISH
A
Rasa
rnava
RRS R.Ci. BP R Sa
Ka
RKD AyP Y.R Suta
pradi
Ra
Tar

39. Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following ‘Sodhana
procedures’ have been mentioned for different ‘Visopavisa’ drugs.
(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cow’s urine) for a prescribed period
(ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cow’s milk, Goat’s milk,
cow’s urine, vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc.
(iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee.
(iv) Bhavana (Maceration / trituration), with vegetable extractives
(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water.
VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications).
Among the above procedures the treatment with cow’s urine and boiling
in cow’s milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the
‘Visopavisa’ drugs.

40. Ahipena - Papaver somniferum Linn.

41. Papaver somniferum Linn
The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter, astringent, sweet, constipating,
aphrodisiac,sedative, somniferous, narcotic, myotic, antispasmodic,sudorific and nervine
tonic. It is useful in cough, fever,inflammatory affections of eye, otitis, proctalgia and
low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery. It is good for internal haemorrhages,
decrease secretions, restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic. It beneficial in
migraine,malaria, dysmenorrhoea, cystitis, menorrhagia and other painful conditions.
Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug, given
either alone or as an adjunct, in the preparation of various medicines. It acts on the
CNS, induces sleep, relieves pain,develops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses.
Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h. The
insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine. It is prophylactic in
post-operative period (50-60 mg/day). Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses
of opium, is useful in conjunctivitis.Camphorated opium (1:1) is an excellent pain killer
in sprain.However, it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma, cardiac and
urinary bladder diseases. Seed oil, free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and
dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in
diabetes. An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises,
inflammatory swellings, sometimes in painful conjunctivitis, inflammation of ear, irritant
cough and sleeplessness. The petals are bitter expectorant, sudorific, diaphoretic,
analgesic and sedative.The plant is stimulant, fattening, tonic and beautifies

42. Formulations of opium in AFI part I
• 1:7 Ahiphenasava(2)
• 11:2 kacchoradi churnam(28)
• 12:2 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)
• 20:7 karpura Rasa(2)

43. Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn.)R. Br.
ex. Ait

44. Arka
Calotropis procera is small, erect and compact shrub, which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various
diseases. This shrub has been known to possess analgesic, antitumor, antihelmintic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective,
anti diarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, oestrogenic, antinociceptive, and anti malarial activity. All the parts,
viz, root, stem, leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicine.Compounds
derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties. The principal active
medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal
properties. The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaine.An infusion of bark powder is used in the
treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis. It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a
year.The root bark is an emetic, the flower a digestive, and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh. Bark and wood
stimulate lactation in cattle46. Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite. The milky sap is used as a
rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic. The latex is used for treating ringworm, guinea worm blisters,
scorpion stings, venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders; also used as alaxative. Its use in India in the treatment of
skin diseases, it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars. The local effect of the
latex on the conjunctiva l congestion, epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of
diuretics, stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma. Also used in abortion, as an anthelmintic, for colic,
cough, whooping cough, dysentery,headache, lice treatment, jaundice, sore gums and mouth, toothache, sterility,
swellings and ulcer Root bark of C. procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell
cycle disruption based mechanism.The latex is used as an abortifacient, spasmogenic and carminative properties,
anti dysentric, anti syphilitic, anti rheumatic, antifungal, mullusccide, diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy,
bronchial asthma and skin affection. Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of
biological activities such as proteolytic, antimicrobial, larvicidal, nematocidal, anticancer, anti- inflammatiory action.
Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties. On the contrary, the powdered root bark has been reported to
give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery. The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia.
The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor
jaundice.

45. Arka formulations in AFI-I
• 6:22 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17) 20:54 SutikaBharanRas(14)
• 8:16 Chitrakadi tel (2) 20:45 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)
• 8:53 Vajraka Tel(4) 20:24 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)
• 8:46 MahaVishgarbh tel(32) 20:6 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)
• 8:30 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)
• 8:60 SaidhvadiTel(2)
• 10:1 ArkaLavana(1)
• 10:3 AbhayaLavan(3)
• 10:4 AbhayaLavana(3)
• 10:4 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)
• 10:12 Vajra kshara(10&8)

46. Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn. F

47. Bhallataka
Semecarpus anacardium Linn. belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, also called the
“marking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions.
Vardhaman yoga of S. anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive
response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder, Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of
rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis. Bhallaka has been evaluated
pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer, anti-
inflammatory, anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in
experimental animals. Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic,
hypoglycaemic, anti atherogenic, antifungal, anti fertility and neuroprotective
activity.Anti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform
extract have been documented in rats and mice.Oil rich fraction of water extract of
nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production. It has
significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extract.The
biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity
in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen. Nut extract
demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of
the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritis.Effective regulation of cartilage
metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk
extract has been demonstrated. Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic
leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut. Anti mutagenic activity
has been shown by ‘Ames test’ with water, alcohol and oil extract of nut.

48. Formulations in AFI Part I
• 1:25 Madhukasava(4) 12:35 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
• 3:6 Kutajavaleha (18) 12;34 SuranaVataka(11)
• 6:3 AmritaBhallataka(1) 10:6 Kalyanaka kshara(11)
• 6:6 Eladi Gutika(15) 8:32 Prasarini Tel(16)
• 6:22 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)
• 6:23 NarsimhaGrita(5)
• 6:27 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)
• 7:18 NarsimhaChurna(5)
• 7:21 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)
• 7:26 BhallatakaRasayana(1)

49. Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn

50. Vijaya
• भङ्गा गन्चजा मािुलानी मादनी विजया जया
• भङ्गा कफ़ हरर नितिा ग्राहणी पाचनी लघुः
• निक्षोष्ट्रणा वपत्तला मोह्मद्िाक्ग्ििधषनन
भा.प्र.

51. Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
• 3:12 Jirkadi Modaka(2)
• 7:36 Svalnayika Churne(11)
• 7:12 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)
• 20:39 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)
• 20:32 Ratnagiri Ras(14)

52. Danti Baliospermum monatanum
Mull. Arg

53. दन्चिी
• दन्चिीद्ियं सरं पाके रसे च कटु दीपनं
• गुदान्चकु राश््शूलाशषः क्डूकु ष्ट्रठविदाहनुि
• िीक्ष्णोष्ट्रणं हक्न्चि वपत्तास्रकफ़शोथोदरकक्रमीन
भा.प्र.

54. Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
• Abhayarishta(15)
• Dantyadyarishta(1)
• Devdarvyadyarishta(5)
• Kumaaryasava(A)(32)

55. Danti -contd
3:13 Danti Haritaki(1)
5:2 Kaishor Guggulu(15)
6:7 KalyanakaGhrita(26)
6:20 Dadhika Ghrita(53)
6:22 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)
6:31 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)
6:32 Brahmi Ghrita (8)
6:33 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)
6:37Mishraka Sneha(5)

56. Danti -cntd
7:19 Narayana Churna(30)
7:21Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)
7:33 samudradya churna(8)
8:7Kasisadi Tel(9)
10:4 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)
10:6 Kalyan kshar(10)
12:5 kankayan Gulika(3)
12:10 Chandra prabha vati(29)
19:1 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)
20:38 LakshmiNarayanRas(11

57. Dhattura - Datura metal Linn

58. Dhattura
D. metel Family; Solanaceae, Phytochemical screening of D. metel
seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides,
flavonoids and carbohydrates. Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of
the plant is higher than that of other Datura species. Traditionally it is
used to treat conditions like mumps, rheumatism, epilepsy and
leprosy. Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy
used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body
lice. Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory
diseases like asthma. It is principally valued as analgesic, a remedy for
violent headache, toothache and piles. Seed were used to treat
vertigo, epilepsy and hydrophobia. It has narcotic property.It has
significant role in treatment of malaria. It also cures Cholera, chronic
diarrhoea, intermittent fever. Datura metel Linn The analgesic and
CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the
presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al., 1990)81

59. Dhatura formulations in AFI-I
• Kanakasava(1) 20:57 sutashekharRas(7)
• Mritsanjeevani Sura(25) 20:39 LakshmivilasRas(8)
• 8:46 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2) 20:27 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)
• 20:20 TribhuvankirtiRas(10) 20:21 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)
• 8:55 Vishtinduk Tel (4)
• 12:13 Dugdha Vati(2&4)
• 8:48 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2&9)
• 20:6 EkangveerRas(22)
• 20:18 Jvararyabhra(6)
• 20:19 Tarunarka Ra(5)

60. Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn

61. Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal
plant with several therapeutic properties. The seeds are used
in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia), Shotha (edema),
Krimi (helminthes), Kustha (skin diseases), Kandu (itching),
Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high
antioxidant and anti proliferative activity. Gunja has also been
reported for its antitumor anticancer, anti fertility, CNS
depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models, anti
spermatogenic, anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic, also in
treatment of ulcer and skin disorders

62. Gunja containng formulations in
AFI-I
8:26 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)
12:23 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)

63. Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn

64. Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The Croton oil, the
essential oil of SCT, as the effective part, has been reported to have purgative,
analgesic, antimicrobial, and inflammatory properties. It regulates the
gastrointestinal transit in mice, and affects the inflammatory and
immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle
contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms. From
the leaves of C. tiglium, a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which
shows significant analgesic effects. C. tiglium has been extensively studied as
the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be
responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except
tumour promoting. skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell
differentiation. Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C. figlium have the
ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells. Ctoton oil
also have anti leukemic action. The most investigated activity of the
phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC), which plays a critical role in signal
transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation. An In-
vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth
Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed.

65. Formulations containing Jayapala in
AFI-I
20:5 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)
20:13 Ashvakanchuki Eas(12)

66. Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill

67. Karavir
Nerium oleander L. Family: Apocynaceae. It has been used to provoke menstruation, as an
abortive, and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris. As an external
medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash, scabies, ringworm, lice, leprosy
and boils, skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds. Latex,
bark and roots have been used against corns, warts, cancerous carcinoma, ulcerating or hard
tumours. Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside
activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle. Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are
capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans. The
cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument
of suicide since antiquity. The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides
is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides, i.e. inhibition of plasmalemma Na+, K+
ATPase.Three oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides
from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activity.More recently, research has
focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds. Oleandrin
inhibits certain kinases, transcription factors and inflammatory mediators, including tumour
necrosis factor. This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress
inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis. The authors of this in vitro study suggest that
oleandrin may have applications for various diseases, including arthritis, but all require
further investigation.

68. Formulations containing Karveer in
AFI-I
8:7 Kasisadi Tel(8)
8:16 citrakadi Tel(6)
8:53 Vajraka tel(3)

69. Other Formulations of karveera
1. Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali
2. Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani
3. Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani
4. Vajratailam Vydya chintamani
5. Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam
6. Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam
7. Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci.17/25)
8. Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U.24/35)
9. Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam
10. Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U.28/34)

70. 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci.19/67)
12. Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci.21/87)
13. Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci.23/69)
14. Vishatailam Vydya chintamani
15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni
16. Sveta karaveeradya tail: Charaka quoted in chakra datta
17. Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U.11/.105)
18. Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
20. Kasisadi tailam AFI

71. Langali Gloriosa superba Linn

72. Langali
Gloriosa superba, Liliaceae family is an erect, perennial,climbing herb.
Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and
vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery. According to
them, 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a
lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months. It is also used for the treatment
of ulcers, leprosy, piles, inflammations. It is used to treat intestinal
worm infestations, thirst, bruises, skin problems and snakebite.
Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth
attendants in India. The tests carried out on G. superba extract indicate
that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone
like. However, it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its
activity is oxytocic. The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular
parameters enhances the plant extract’s safety profile in pregnancy
Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn. (Langli) in
labour induction.

73. Langali Formulations in AFI-I
• 8:7 Kasisadi Tel(Sl.No.6)
• 8:16 Chitrakadi Tel(9)
• 8:46 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)
• 8;50 LangaliTel(3)

74. Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar
Linn/Niger

75. Snuhi - Euphorbia neriifolia Linn

76. Snuhi
It is popularly known as Sehund, Thohar and Milk Hedge. The leaves are thick
succulent, 6 to 12 inches long, ovular in shape. E. neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was
found to contain sugar, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoidal saponin on
preliminary phytochemical analysis. Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol, glut-
5(10)-en-1-one, taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant, stem
and leaves of E. neriifolia28. Neriifolione, atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene
named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E.
neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E.
neriifolia.30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E. neriifolia is reported by31.
There are reports on the mild CNS depressant, wound healing and immunomodulatory
activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract,32 E. neriifolia leaves are used as
aphrodisiac, diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis, bleeding piles and in
ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal
troubles,bronchitis,tumours,leucoderma,piles, inflammation, enlargement of spleen,
anaemia, ulcers, fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 . The aqueous extract of
the latex of E. neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase
in tensile strength, DNA content, epithelization and angiogenesis.

77. Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
• 1:1 Ayaskriti(Sl.No.33)
• 6:22 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)
• 8:16 Chitrakadi Tel(7)
• 8:46 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)
• 8:55 VishtindukaTel(8)
• 10:3 Abhaya lavan(4)
• 10:4 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)
• 10:12 VajraKshar(9)

78. Vatsanabha Acontium
Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
• A Ferox A.Balfouri A Balfouri

79. Vishamushti - Strychnox nuxvomica
Linn.

80. Therapeutic Sprectrum of Upavisha
Kupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India,
Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion. The
antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol, Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two
medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were
tested against the human pathogenic micro-organisms,such as Klebsiella
pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, A niger, A terreus and A. Flavus24. The
antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of
inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms. The antibacterial activity of
the herbal extracts, indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition, Activity was
detected from the ethanol extract. None of the herbal extracts examined showed
antibacterial against E. coli or P. aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal
extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria. Identification of
targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer, Pharmacologically Strychnos
nux-vomica showed anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and
anti feederent activity, Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem, nervous
system,
blood glucose level, bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also
investigated27.

81. Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
8:46 MahaVishgarbhTel(Sl.No51)
8;55 VushtinduksTel(1)
12:1 AgnitundiVati(17)
20:6 EkangveerRas(20)
20:10 KrimiMudgarRas(5)

82. Formulations containing
visha/upvisha in AFI -II
• 3:7 Bahushala Guda-Danti
• 4:2 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arka
• 4:19 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallataka
• 5:1 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-parada
• 8:3 KabjaPrasarini Tel—Bhallataka
• 8:9 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-Danti,Arka,karvira,manahshila,langali,Snuhi,visha,
• 8:11 Marichyadi Tel-Visha,Arka
• 9:3 Pardadadi Lepa-parada,Hingula,Manhshila,dhattura
• 9:5 Swet Malhar-Tuttha

83. Formulations in AFI Part III
1. Kameshwer Modak-vijaya
2. Vashishtha Haritaki-Danti
3. Shatavari Modak -Danti
4. Amvatari Yog -vatsanabh
5. Nagkesharadi churna-vijaya&Ahiphena
6. Pashanabhedadi churna-Danti
7. MadhyamNayika churna-parada&vijaya
8. Lavantritayadya churna-Danti
9. Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)
10. Vyaghri tel---------Danti
11. chandramrita---Hingula &Raskarpura
12. DantiMuladiLepa-Danti,Arka&Bhallataka
13. Bhallatakadi Lepa- Bhallataka&Gunja

84. AFI Part III conti.
14. RasabhraMandura-Parada
15. AgastiSutarajRas- Parada,Dhattura&Ahiphena
16. AgnikumarRas-Parad,Ahiphena&Vatsanabh
17. Agnitund Ras-parad &Vishmushtika
18. Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada &Vatsanabha
19. AbhrakMalla yog- Malla
20. ArdhNareeshwarRas Parad&visha
21. KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamra&parad
22. KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula &Ahiphena
23. GrahniGajKshariRas-Parada,Vatsanabh,vijaya,Dhatura,Ahiphena
24. JvaraKalketuRas- Parad,Hartal,Manhshila,Tamra,Bhallataka
25. JvaraMatangKeshariRas-Parad,Harital,vishmushti,Dhatura,vish
26. Jvar SamharRas-Rassindura
27. TripurBhairaviRasVish,Tamra,Hingula

85. 28. NashtaPushpantakaRas-Parada,TamraDanti
29. PashupatRas-Parad,Vish,Dhatura,Ark
30. PradarRipuRas-Parada,Naag
31. PranBallabhRas-Tamra,Tuttha,Jaipal
32. PraneshwerRas-Parada
33. BhairavaRas-Parad,Visha
34. MahaMrityunjayaRas-Harital,Jaipal,Hingula
35. MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-Parada,Tamra,Jaipal,Danti
36. MritSanjeevanRas-Parad,Tamra,Vish,Tal,Manahshila,Hingula
37. MedoharRas-Parad,Ark
38. RaghunathRas—Parada
39. RatneshwerRas-Rassindur
40. VasantTilakRas-Parada
41. Vikram keshariRas-Tamra,vish,Ras
42. VidyadharaRas-Tala,Tamra,Shila,Ras

86. 43.VidyadharabhraRas-Danti
44.ShulaKutharRas-Ras,Tamra.Jaipal
45.ShothKalanalRas-Ras
46.SwaskalehswarRas-Tamra,Vish
47.SarvalokashvryaRas-Ras,Tal,Vish
48.SarveshverRas-Vijaya
49.SarveshverRas2-Rassindur,Ahiphena
50.SarvangaSunderRas-Tamra,Hingula,Arka,visha
51.SomYog-Rassindura
52.KarnaVindu-Ahiphena
53.Netravindu-Ahiphena

87. RAS SHSTRA
• It takes undigestible substances like metals ,minerals,
Gems & Poisonous substances and transforms them
into substances that are easy for human body to
assimilate

88. रस सेिन विचध
अथािुरो रसाचयं सक्षाद्देिं महेश्िरं
साचधिञ्च रसं शङ्खिे्िाहद धाररिम
अचषनयत्िा यथाशक्ति देिगोब्राह्मणामवप
पणषख्डे घृिं सूिमद्याद्योज्ञानुपानिः

89. रस सेिने पथ्यं
घृिसैन्चधिधान्चयकजीरकाद्रषकसंस्कृ िं
ि्डुलीयक-धान्चयाक –पटोलालाबुकाहदकम
गोधूमजीणषशाल्यन्चनं गव्यं क्षीरं घृिं दचध
हन्चसोदकं मुद्ग रसः पथ्य िगषः समासिः

90. रस सेिने अपथ्यानन
िृहिी विल्िकु ष्ट्रमा्डं िेत्राग्रं कािेल्लकं
माषं मसूरं ननष्ट्रपािं कु ललत्थं सषषपम निलं
लङ्घनोद्ििषनस्नानिाम्रचूडसुरासिान
आनूप मान्चसम् धान्चया्लं भोजनं कदली दले
कान्चस्येचगुरुविष्ट्रटंभी िीक्षोष्ट्रणम् च भृशं त्यजेि

91. देिी शास्त्रोति ककाराहद गण
क्टारीफ़लकाक्न्चजकञ्च,कमठस्िैलं िथा राक्जका
नन्बूकं किकमकाललङ्गकफ़लम् कु ष्ट्रमा्डकं ककष टी
के कीकु तकु टकारिेल्लकफ़लम् ककोहटकायाःफ़लम्
िृन्चिाकन्चचकवपत्थकःखलु गणः प्रोतिः ककारहदकः
देिी शास्त्रोहदिं सोऽयं ककाराहद गणो मिः
शास्त्रान्चिर विननहदषष्ट्रटः कथ्यिे अन्चय प्रकारिः

92. श्रीकृ ष्ट्रणदेिोति ककाराहद गण
• कन्चगुकन्चदुककोलकु तकु टकलक्रोडाःकु लत्थास्िथा
• क्टारी कटुिैलकृ ष्ट्रणगलकःकू मषः कलायः कणा
• ककाषरुस्चकहटल्लकस्चकिकमककोटकम् ककष टी
• कालीकाक्ञ्जकमेष काहदकगणःश्रीकृ ष्ट्रण देिोहदिः

93. ककाराहद ननषेधस्य अपिादः
• यक्स्मन रसे च क्ठोकत्या ककाराहद ननषेचधिः
• ित्र ित्र ननषेद्धव्यं िदौचचत्यमिोन्चयथा

94. रस व्यापहद प्रिीकारः
उद्गारेसनिद्यन्चनं कृ ष्ट्रणमीनं सजीरकं
अभयन्चगमननलक्षोभे िैलेरनारायणाहदलभः
अरिौ शीि िोयेन मस्िकोपरर सेचनम्
िृष्ट्रणायां नाररके ला्बु मुद्गयूषं स शकष रम

95. रस िीयष वििृ्यथषमुपचार विचध
द्राक्षा दाडडम खजूषरं कदलीनां फ़लम् भजेि्
रस िीयष वििृ्यथे दचधक्षीरेक्षु शकष रा
शीिोपचारमन्चय्च

96. रस त्याग विचध
रस त्याग विधौ पुनः
भक्षयेद बृहिीं विल्िं सकृ ि साधारणो विचधः

97. Classification of meterial
Maharasa:-
1. Abhraka- Mica
2. Vaikrant- flurite/tourmelin
3. Makshika- copper pyrite
4. vimala- Iron pyrite
5. shilajit- Bitumen
6. sasyaka- copper sulphate
7. chapala- Bismuth sulphate
8. Rasaka- calamine

106. Uparasa :-
1. Gandhaka- Sulpher
2. Gairika- Red iron oxide
3. Kasisa- Ferrous sulphate
4. kankshi- Alum
5. Haritala- Arsenic trisulphide
6. Manahshila- Arsenic di sulphide
7. Neelanjana- Galena
8. Kankushtha- Gum Gamboj/Malabar Tamrind
Garcinia sp

107. Gandhak

108. Gairika

109. Kaseesa

110. Kankshi(sphatikaa)

111. Hartala - Arseno sulphide

112. Orpiment patraHarital

113. Manahashila - Arseno sulphide

115. Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)

116. Sadharana Rasa :-
1. kampilla-Monkey fresh fruit
2. GauripashanaArsenic trioxide
3. Narsara-Ammonium tri chloride
4. Kapardika-Cowrie shell
5. Agnijara-Ambergris
6. Giri sindur-Mercuric oxide
7. Hingula-cinabar
8. Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide

117. Kampilla -
MALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS

118. Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)

119. Narsar(Ammonium chloride)
Sal Amoniac NH4Cl

120. Kapardika (monetaria Monaea &
cyprea moneta)

121. Agnijar(ambergriss)

122. Hingula(cinnabar)

123. Mriddarshriga(Litharge)
(LeadMonooxide)

124. Dhatu-Metals
1. Swarna-Gold
2. Rajata-silver
3. Tamra-copper
4. Loha-Iron
5. Mandur-Rust of iron/
6. vanga-Tin
7. Naag-lead
8. Yashad-Zinc
9. pittala-Brass
10. kansya-Bronze
11. Tri loha-3 metals
12. vartaloha-5metals

125. Ratna- precious gem stones
• 1Manikya-Ruby
• 2Mukta-pearl
• 3Pravala-coral
• 4Tarkshya-Emerald
• 5Pushparaga-Topaz
• 6Hiraka-Diamond
• 7Neelam-Sapphire
• 8Gomeda-Garnet
• 9Vaidurya-chrysoberyl

126. Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
1. Akika-Agate
2. suryakant-sun stone
3. chandrakant-Moon stone
4. Rajavarta-lapis lazuli
5. Sangeyasav-Zade
6. pirojaka-Tarquise
7. Vaikranta-Tourmeline
8. kaharuba-Amber

127. Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
1. Shankha-conch shell
2. Mrigshringa-Deer horn
3. Kukkutanda-Egg shell
4. Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearl
5. Samudra phena-cuttle fish bone
6. Ajasthi-Goat bone
7. Sudha-Limestone
8. Godanti Haritala-Gypsum
9. surma safed-Calcite
10. Dugdha pashana-Soap stone
11. khatika-chalk

128. Vish&Upavisha-Poisons
1. Sarpa-visha-Snake venom
2. Vatsanabha-Acconite
3. Arka-Crown flower
4. sehunda-Milk Hedge
5. Dhatura-dattura
6. Langali-Flame lilly
7. Karveera-Indian oleander
8. Gunja-Indian liquorice
9. khaskhas-0pium poppy
10. Vijaya-canabis
11. Jayapal-Croton
12. Bhallataka-Marking nut
13. kuchala-poison nut/Nux

129. Miscellaneous
1. Kausheyasma-Asbestos
2. Badarasma-Jews stone
3. kanta pashana-lodestone
4. Nag pashana-serpentine
5. Sphatik-Quartz
6. Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxide
7. Tankan-Sodium Borate
8. Wbresham-Silk worm cocoon
9. Kasturi-DeerMusk
10. Mayur piccha-Peocock feather
11. Gorochan-Bezoar stone
12. Kalami shora-salt petre
13. Sarjikshar –sodium carbonate

130. Gauripashana - Arsenic

131. Thank you