Jackies enbe report new


Contents
Title Page
1. Introduction
2. The City
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient & Old City
4. Investigation & Data Collection: Present City
5. Investigation & Data Collection: Future City
6. The New “X” City - PACIFICA
7. Conclusion
8. Reference list


INTRODUCTION
After 3 months of working on my Environment of Natural and Built
Environments (ENBE) projects, I have finally reached the final project for
this subject. This final project actually got me really pumped up and
excited, as it is a really interesting project, which is to build a model on
maximum 3nos of A2 presentation boards of the selected city in my
group along with my group mates.
As for the individual project, I am required to make a report and a
3-minute-short video presentation. The purpose of this report is basically
for an individual to investigate and understand the content related to
“city” and “the built environment” plus to propose a better future city.
I would need to research about the ancient and old cities, present
cities, and also future cities that inspire the designs and concept of my
future town. I also need to research about good town planning, as I need
to plan well for my desired city.


The city
1. The definition of “City”
A city is an inhabited place of greater size and greater population,
or a place that has more importance than a town or village. It is
where humans permanently settle.
Complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and
transportation are usually what cities have. The concentration of
development greatly facilitates interaction between people and
businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also
presents challenges to managing urban growth. When a city
manages to expand to another city, this region can be deemed a
conurbation or megalopolis. Population-wise, the largest city proper
is Shanghai, while the fastest growing is Dubai.


2. Brief History
Cities came a long way and
have a really long history.
Humans in the early days were
lived as nomads, who rely on
hunting and gathering for
sustenance. Between 8,000 and
10,000 years ago, systematic cultivation of plants and the
domestication of animals allowed for more permanent settlements.
But during the fourth millennium B.C., the requirements for the
"urban revolution" were finally met. For instance, the production of
food that could be stored, writing system, a more complex social
organization, and an advancement in technology like the plough,
potter's wheel, loom, etc.
Cities serve as centers of storage, trade, and manufacture. The
agricultural surplus from the surrounding countryside is processed
and distributed in cities. Cities also grew up around marketplaces,
where goods from distant places could be exchanged for local
products. Throughout history, cities
have been founded at the intersections
of transportation routes, or at points
where goods must shift from one
mode of transportation to another, as
at river and ocean ports.
As for religious elements, ancient people had sacred places
that are often associated with cemeteries or shrines, around which
cities grew. Ancient cities usually had large temple precincts with
monumental religious buildings. Cities then were mostly built near
monasteries and cathedrals.


Cities also act as a barrier during war. During attacks, people
who lived in rural areas would hide behind walls, while defense
forces will come together to repel the enemy. The wall served this
purpose for many years, until the
invention of heavy artillery
rendered walls useless in warfare.
Unfortunately because of the
existence of this modern aerial
warfare, cities don’t act as a safe
haven anymore because it has become the primary and ultimate
targets for destruction.
3. What Makes A City
A city needs to have a number of services that can be provided to
the residents. For instance, electrical supply, distribution of food,
water supply, roads, vehicles for transportation purposes, etc. Not
forgetting, a city needs to have religious elements that can represent
the various beliefs the city has and also to encourage the citizens to
not abandon their faith.
On the other hand, it’s optional for a city to
have something that represents them like a
landmark, monument or anything that can
signify the city. For example, the famous
Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur helped
in upgrading Malaysia’s image. It was also in
fact world’s tallest building architectural
element from the year 1998 – 2003.


Even though a city skyline defines its character in the postcard
sense but at a human scale, we need greenery and open space that
could act as our relax space such as parks. In a way, it balances the
concrete jungle with actual floras that could also act as a sight for
sore eyes.
4. What Makes A Good City
A good city must reach a number of requirements to risen the
population of residents. Here are a few of them.
• Must reach the health criteria set by the local authorities.
(eg. Keep a clean environment, use eco friendly products,
reduce the use of plastic bags, recycle papers, use a hybrid
vehicle around the city as it doesn’t degrade the air quality,
etc.)
• Easy transportation access
• Efficient security and help granted when the city is in trouble
• Has an open space such as parks, for relaxing purposes or
beneficial activity purposes.
5. What Is The Future City
Looking at how the ozone layer is gradually thinning every year,
the future is definitely going to have low air quality compared to the
air quality we have now. Flash foods might even happen every day
and become a routine. Human’s life span might get shortened.
Clinics and hospitals are going be unusually packed with patients.
Therefore, sustainability must be a primary focus when planning a
city. A city that is eco-friendly can slowly freshen the air. It may take
a few years but it’s better to be safe than sorry. Floras should also


be increased around the city to lower the temperature and also for
them to give out oxygen for humans to breathe. I personally hope
that this goal can be achieved in the near future, to save our
beautiful mother Earth.
6. What Does A City Have
A city has residential buildings for citizens to live in. It also has
vehicles for transportation purposes. Besides that, there’s education
areas such as kindergartens, middle school, high school, colleges
and universities are also found in a city for the younger generation to
get their knowledge from whereas business areas are usually
located near the city center, and its purpose is to create more work
opportunities so that the rate of unemployment will drop. Other than
that, it should also have a better waste management as well as the
sewage system. Lastly, factories should be located far away from
the city center and the residential areas so that it won’t affect the
citizens’ health by inhaling the polluted air.


Investigation & Data
Collection:
Ancient and Old Cities
Athens, Greece
1. History
Athens was named according to the Greek mythology from
competition that the goddess Athena had with Poseidon about who
will become protector of the city. The myth says that Poseidon gave a
spring with seawater whilst Athena offered an olive tree as she


touched the ground of the sacred rock of the Acropolis. The people of
Athens choose Athena as their protector and so the city was named
after the goddess of wisdom. The myth is symbolic but the two Gods
symbolizing the strength of Athens as a city of wisdom and as a sea
power. The oldest known human presence in Athens is the Cave of
Schist, which has been dated to between the 11th and 7th millennium
BC. Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 7000 years.
By 1400 BC the settlement had become an important center of the
Mycenaean civilization and the Acropolis was the site of a major
Mycenaean fortress, whose remains can be recognized from sections
of the characteristic Cyclopean walls. Unlike other Mycenaean centers,
such as Mycenae and Pylos, it is not known whether Athens suffered
destruction in about 1200 BC, an event often attributed to a Dorian
invasion, and the Athenians always maintained that they were "pure"
Ionians with no Dorian element. However, Athens, like many other
Bronze Age settlements, went into economic decline for around 150
years afterwards.
2. What makes a significant city and what are the details?
Athens’ architectural style ranges from Greco-Roman and
Neoclassical to modern. Athens is not marked by a certain specific
architectural style therefore they are often to be found in the same
areas.
Hellenic Parliament was the first important public building to be
built, between 1836 and 1843 because Neoclassicism dominated
Athens as well as some deviations from it such as Eclecticism for the
most part of the 19th century, especially in the early 20th century.
In the mid and late 19th century, Theophil Freiherr von Hansen
and Ernst Ziller was part of the construction of many neoclassical


buildings such as the Athens Academy and the Zappeion Hall.
Zappeion Hall
Beginning in the 1920s, Modern architecture including Bauhaus
and Art Deco began to exert an influence on almost all Greek
architects, and buildings both public and private were constructed in
accordance with these styles. Localities with a great number of such
buildings include Kolonaki, and some areas of the centre of the city;
neighbourhoods developed in this period include Kypseli.
In the 1950s and 1960s during the extension and development of
Athens, other modern movements such as the International style
played an important role. The centre of Athens was largely rebuilt,
leading to the demolition of a number of neoclassical buildings. The
architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and
aluminium, and many blended modern and classical elements. After
World War II, internationally known architects to have designed and
built in the city included Walter Gropius, with his design for the US
Embassy, and, among others, Eero Saarinen, in his postwar design for
the east terminal of the Ellinikon Airport.
3. Conclusion about the cities
It’s really brilliant the fact that the architects back in the day could
come up with really beautiful and creative architectural designs. What
made me really inspired is the fact that these ideas are original.


Because of these designs, many architects all around the world right
now improvises on their work. Which is why my future layout will have
a little bit of a greek-esque touch.
4. What information or element that you can use for your future city?
The Grecian details and also the ancient Greek fonts and symbols.


Collection:
Present Cities
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
1. History
On November 25 2009, the emirate announced Dubai would
postpone payments on some of its $80 billion in debt, sending
markets into a plunge. While Dubai's origins are largely a mystery,


what is now a Rhode Island — size principality on the Persian Gulf
was just a pearl-fishing village when its current rulers, the Maktoum
family, took over in 1883. Fortunately in the year 1966, Dubai’s fortune
turned over and changed dramatically with the discovery of oil. But
compared with its neighbours, Dubai had limited reserves, prompting
its rulers to turn to other industries to fuel their bold economic
aspirations. Starting in the year 1980s, at the prompting of the crown
prince at that time – Sheik Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, Dubai
fashioned itself into a free-trade oasis. It opened a tax-free infotech
hub, Dubai Internet City, in 2000, to attract technology companies;
media, finance and maritime projects soon followed. This day, the
tallest building in the world is located in Dubai – Burj Khalifa.
2. What makes a significant city and what are the details?
Dubai is the most modern and populous
city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the
second largest emirate by territorial size after the
capital, Abu Dhabi.
It is situated on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of
the seven emirates that make up the country. Dubai happens to be
one of the emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national
importance in the country's legislature.
This day, Dubai has emerged as a global city
and business hub of the Persian Gulf region. It
is also a major transport hub for passengers
and cargo. Because of the many innovative
large construction projects and sports events,
the world has its attention on Dubai. The city has also become
symbolic for its skyscrapers and high-rise built environment, such as
the Burj Khalifa. Not to mention, Dubai meets world-class luxury


standards. A-list celebrities sometimes take their time off from their
busy schedule and plan a vacation in Dubai because Dubai will never
disappoint when it comes to 7-star hotels.
As for the architecture in Dubai, it’s mostly influenced by modern
Islamic architecture.
3. Conclusion about the city
Dubai is definitely a city worth visiting, reasons why
tourism played a huge role in bringing in lots of
income. The beautiful skyscrapers are one of the main
reasons tourists are attracted to Dubai. Some may
even note down to visit the tallest building in the world
– Burj Khalifa in their bucket list. There are also other
famous landmarks like the Burj Al-Arab that happens to be one of the
most visited landmarks in Dubai. This shows that a city will be
noticeable on the map if a creative landmark is built to represent the
city.
4. What information or element that you can use for your future city?
Tourism plays an important role when it comes to a city or even a
country to be exact. Since Dubai is mostly known for their famous
landmarks, I am planning on building a famous
landmark that can blow people’s minds away.
Dubai is also well known for their sandy
beaches. Since my city will be floating on
water, I am planning on having a city that will break the record for
world’s longest white sand beach. This will definitely attract people all
around the world. They will definitely save up their money to come to


my city to experience the peace and serenity they can get from
relaxing by the sea shore while admiring the white sands all around
them. Not only that, Dubai is known for their golf courses. I am
planning on building a hotel and resort in my city that features beautiful
golf courses. Golf is one of the world’s most
popular sport therefore this could benefit
tourism-wise. Who knows, Tiger Woods might
even drop by my city once in a while to play
on the golf courses.


Collection:
Future cities
Lusail, qATAR
1. Introduction to Lusail
Lusail is a newest planned waterfront city located in Qatar next to The
Pearl, which is intended to be the
biggest domestic real estate
development in the country. It will
be as big as 377 million square
feet. The US$ 5.5 million
development project is planned
to have buildings such as marinas, residential areas, island resorts,
commercial districts, luxury shopping and leisure facilities that includes
two golf courses, an all giraffe zoo and an entertainment district. Lusail
City is expected to provide accommodation for over 200,000
thousand people. At the moment, it is still under construction and on
its way to completion. 2The city is expected to be completed by 2019.


Lusail is set to have a stadium – The new
Lusail Iconic Stadium, with a capacity of
80,000+ people. It is also believed that it will
be the host for the opening and closing
matches of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. After the FIFA World Cup, the
stadium will be used to host other sporting and cultural events.
(Qetaifan Island)
Qetaifan Island is an exclusive and luxurious island located not far
from Lusail’s city of bright lights. The main attraction of the island is
its beautiful natural beach and waterfront property. The bridges in
Qetaifan Island will have a touch of local traditional design for tourists
and visitors to feel the vibe of the
local culture. The island will also
have architectured marinas for super
boats and yachts – a true indication
of style and status. This breathtaking
island will promise relaxation and
serenity wit their spa treatments that will rejuvenate the body.
2. City Features
Lusail City is located north of Doha, 22km away. It will be spread
over an area of 38km², with a waterfront location stretching over
28km. Lusail is built and designed for work, leisure and recreational
activity purposes to provide a comfortable and sweet life for citizens.
It is said to consist 19 mixed-used entertainments, commercial and
residential districts. It will also feature four islands, a blue lagoon with
two marinas, 25,000 residential buildings, high and low-rise
buildings, a business square, and low-rise buildings.


Lusail City will also feature commercial towers, hospitals, ports,
two golf courses, five stadiums, commercial park for energy firms, retail
spaces, schools, mosques, medical services, sports, entertainment,
public avenues, recreational areas, cultural centres and shopping
centres. Not forgetting, 22 internationally standard hotels.
A few out of the major
elements of the city are the Marina
District, Energy City Qatar,
Entertainment City and the Fox Hills
residential area. To be more precise,
Energy City Qatar is the first full-
fledged oil and gas hub of the region.
3. The element that I want to use for my town
I am definitely using the futuristic concept of this city. I’m not going
to follow the exact way but I’ll improvise. I’ll also improvise on the zoning
for Lusail. I personally like how this city is arranged and zoned. It’s very
tidy and strategic in its own way. I’m also going to include a very
luxurious villa or hotel by the sea with yatchs and super boats, just like
Qetaifan Islands.


The New “X” Town –
Pacifica
1. What type of city did I choose? Why?
The city that my group and I chose is a city that floats on
water. We chose this city because the other choices that were
given are either too common or too difficult. Don’t get me wrong,
my group and I are up for challenges that’s why we find a city that
floats on water very interesting and hopefully manageable.
2. How did I come up with the name of my desired city – Pacifica?
The city named Atlantis, from the Disney movie
“Atlantis”
When I started brainstorming on my desired city, I instantly
thought of Atlantis – the Disney movie I grew up with as a toddler.
Atlantis to me looked very beautiful even though it was through an
animated movie. From what I noticed, Atlantis lies above the water.
It also portrays a combination of an ancient architecture with a
touch of modern architecture, which is more or less similar to the
concept of my city.


As for my city name – Pacifica, I thought of the word ‘pacific’.
Pacific actually means calm and peaceful, and a soothing
appearance or effect. I instantly thought that this is the perfect
name for my city as the meaning behind the word is what I want
my city to be like. But since the word ‘pacific’ sounds too plain, I
added the letter ‘A’ at the back to make it sound more or less like
a city. Hence, the name – Pacifica.
3. Introduction to Pacifica
Pacifica is a nature inspired city. The city is shaped like a
seashell if it’s viewed through a plan view. The estimation for
human population in Pacifica is about 150,000 – 200,000 people.
Pacifica is going to be world’s only city with the most green-
features.
4. Aim of the city
The main purpose of my city is for it to be livable and to
attract a lot of tourists as well as locals. I want the citizens to live a
comfortable life, without worrying about the air quality, water
supply, transportation, etc. I would also want my city to be a
nature inspired city; hence the plan of the city looks like a seashell.
5. Important considerations


First of all, a city must have a good connection and accessibility.
Walkways around the city as well as the circulation must be well
planned in order to achieve sustainability. Roads for land vehicles
must also be well planned. This is to ensure easy access and for
the convenience of the residents in the city.
Other than that, environmental responsibility should also be
obtained when planning a city. This is because the residents need
to live in the city whereby the air is not polluted, land is clean, as
well as environmentally friendly. Due to that fact that green
features are very well known at the moment, I want to ensure that
my city goes 100% eco-friendly if possible. Energy sources should
also be renewable and unlimited such as biomass for the use of
the residents staying in Pacifica.


Not only that, the town’s security should also be ensured
otherwise not many people would live in Pacifica. It’s actually a
human nature that they would prefer living in a safe area rather
than an area that puts their life at risk. Therefore, high security
should be granted in Pacifica for residents to live in comfort and
peace.
6. Important characteristics and elements
(Zoning)


Residential Area:
This area will provide residential waterfront units for residents to
live in.
Government Buildings:
These are located somewhere at the tip of the city.
Business Area:
This will be located nearby the government buildings.
Commercial Area:
This will be located everywhere with the purpose of minimizing the
burdens of the residents living in Pacifica.
Recreational Area:
A long linear park will be located somewhere in the middle of
Pacifica.
Education Area:
This will be located nearby the residential areas so that it does not
take long for students to get to school to attend their classes.
Religious and Cultural Area:
This will be located between the residential area and education
area.
Hospitals:
Several hospitals will be built nearby most of the areas for easier
access for the residents in case of an emergency.


Airport:
The airport will be located at the end of Pacifica, away from the
city centre as it won’t disturb the peace of the residents in the city
as aircrafts produces a loud noise when it lands and takes off.
Service Area:
This will be located near the airport.
Industrial Area:
Located further away from the city to provide for localized
environmental controls that are specific to the needs of an
industrial area.
Port and Shipping Area:
This will be located near the airport and business areas for
products to be easily imported and exported.
Forest and Green Area:
The greenery is mostly surrounding industrial areas. There are also
a lot of trees planted around the city to balance natural
environment and built environment.
Agriculture Area:
A huge land filled with palm oil will take about 30% of the area in
the whole city.
Tourism and Hospitality Area:


Luxurious hotels are located somewhere by the ocean, whereas
the theme parks, landmarks, monuments etc. are located
somewhere in the middle of the city.


CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I learned a lot from doing all my research to
complete this report. I have never learned or heard about zoning before
but thanks to this report, I learned the definition of it and how to plan the
zonings. I also learned a lot about the cities from a different time and
how much they differ with the cities nowadays.
We humans on the other hand, must take good care of our Earth
for future purposes. We don’t want the future generation to have a hard
time breathing when the ozone layer is in its thinnest state. We could
save our Earth before it’s too late by reducing the amount of carbon
monoxide that is released into the air. The hardheaded humans who
care less about our Earth should turn over a new leaf and be alert with
their surroundings, starting by reusing, reducing and recycling. Earth’s
survival and sustainability is in our hands and we should start making a
change before it’s too late.


Reference list
The City
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/08/what-makes-city-tech-
garden-smart-redefine
http://www.planetizen.com/node/70537
http://dallasinstitute.org/events/center-for-the-city/
http://crcresearch.org/case-studies/case-studies-sustainable-
infrastructure/land-use-planning/what-makes-a-city-liveable
http://www.sasaki.com/media/files/cities_survey_final-1.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas_Towers
Ancient and Old Cities
http://www.ancient.eu/Athens/
http://www.athensguide.org/athens-history.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens#Architecture
http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/Ancient-
Architecture.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_architecture#Greek_architecture
http://www.ancient.eu/city/
Present Cities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Dubai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai#History
http://www.emirates.com/english/destinations_offers/discoverdubai/abo
utdubai/dubaihistory.aspx
http://www.alshindagah.com/september99/architecture.htm
Future Cities
http://www.lusail.com/English/Interactive%20Map/Interactive%20Map/e
n.html
http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/lusail-city/
http://www.enterprise-ireland.com/EI_Corporate/en/Export-
Assistance/Market-Research-Centre/Qatar-Lusail.pdf
http://realestate.theemiratesnetwork.com/developments/qatar/lusail_city.
php
http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/Ancient-
Architecture.html

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