1. * GB780043 (A)
Description: GB780043 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Process for stabilizing textile materials against dimensional changes and
producing durable mechanical effects
Description of GB780043 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
780,043 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec.
16, 1954.
No. 36456/54.
Application made in United States of America on Jan. 8, 1954,
Application made in United States of America on Feb. 19, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: July 31, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 15(2), GA(17: 23), GB2(AI: A2: BI: B2: BX),
GC1(C: HIC: H3A: H3C), GC2(C4: C5; C7: C9).
GB(4D: 5A: 6), International Classification:- D06m.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for Stabilizing Textile Materials against Dimensional Changes
and Producing Durable Mechanical Effects We, QUAKER CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

2. CORPORATION of Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, Ignited States of America,
a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to stabilizing textile materials against
shrinkage during laundering.
The term "textile material" is intended to mean filaments and fibers,
staple or yarns, whether in finished stages or at some intermediate
stage in the production thereof, of the group consisting of natural
cellulose, regenerated cellulose, such as viscose rayon, cuprammonium
rayon, and hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and mixtures thereof with
other natural and synthetic fibers, such as cellulose acetate, nylon
or wool. The term also includes fabrics made from fibers of the above
group, whether knitted, woven or felted, as well as garments or other
articles made from such fabrics.
Thus fabrics can be made from either filament or staple regenerated
cellulose fibers, such as viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon and
hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, or containing preponderant amounts of
these fibers.
A further object is to provide a treatment which will impart a minimum
degree of discoloration to the treated fabric. Further, the treated
material will have a pleasing handle and will be free of objectionable
odours. Moreover, the padding, drying and curing operations will be
substantially free of odours.
It has been discovered that the above-mentioned objects may be
accomplished by treating cellulosic materials with non-volatile
acetals of monoaldehydes and dialdehydes, the aldehydes containing up
to eight carbon atoms, and heating said treated material in the
presence of an acidic catalyst and curing at a temperature of at least
121 C. The term "non-volatile" is applied here refers to acetals
having a boiling point above 125 C.
Suitable aldehydes which may be converted to acetals in this process
are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, glyoxal, and other
dialdehydes containing not more than eight carbon atoms in the
monomeric form, such as malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde,
adipaldehyde, 2-hydroxy adipaldehyde, benzaldehyde, terephthalaldehyde
and the like. Suitable alcohols which may be combined with the
above-mentioned aldehydes to form acetals are methanol, ethanol,
propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-methoxy ethanol, 2ethoxyethanol, 2 -
methoxyethoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, and
dipentaerythritol. We may also use acetals derived from other
polyhydric alcohols, such acetals as, for example, the simple formal

3. of diethylene glycol, i.e.:
(HO.CH,.CH2.O.CH2.CH,.O)2.CH2 We may also use mixed formals,, such as
HIIC.O.CH2.O.CH..CH..O.CH..O.-CH,, H,3C.O.CHI. O.0CI.CH..O.CH,.CH2.OH,
or HC.O.CHI.O.CHI.CH,.O. CH,.CH,.O.CHo.O.CH,, or mixtures thereof. In
general, the acetals are prepared by reacting the aldehydes and the
alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts by well-known procedures.
[Price 3s. 6d.] K3 as2e.
The general application of these acetals involves padding cellulosic
fabric through aqueous solutions or dispersions of the acetals
containing from 0.5 to 25% by weight of acetal. The padding bath must
contain, in addition to the acetal, some acid-type or potentially
acidic catalyst, such as aluminum chloride, stannic chloride, aluminum
sulfate, oxalic acid, zinc chloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium or
potassium alum, ammonium chloride or dimethyl oxalate, a potentially
acidic catalyst which acts as an acidic catalyst in the bath, in
amount of from about 5% to 20% by weight of the acetal content. The
treated fabric may then be dried at an appropriate temperature and is
subsequently cured at a temperature of at least 121 C. for from about
to about 10 minutes. The curing time necessary decreases as the curing
temperature used is raised. The textile materials must be acidic
during curing. The cured fabric may then be washed lightly with a
detergent and a mild alkali, rinsed thoroughly and dried in a relaxed
state. Fabrics so treated with these acetals will not undergo
progressive shrinkge even when laundered in boiling soap solution as
described in American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
(A.A.T.C.C.) 1952 Standard Test Method 14-52 for cotton and linen
fabrics.
The following illustrative examples will serve to illustrate our
invention.
EXAMPLE 2.
The fabric described in Example 1 was padded through the following
solution:
3.56% glyoxal tetra (methoxy ethyl) acetal 53% oxalic acid 95.91o
water The glyoxal tetra (methoxy ethyl) acetal as prepared boils at
183-185 C. at 5 mm. Hg.
pressure. The solution above was applied at 100% pickup to the viscose
shirting material and subsequently dried to its original dimensions.
The dried fabric was cured at 157 C.
for 5 minutes and then subjected to evaluation.
The treated material showed no adverse tensile effects and no chlorine
retention. Also, no serious discoloration was apparent. The fabric
showed the following behavior when subjected to multiple wash tests:
WARP SHRINKAGE-A.A.T.C.C. SIANDARD TEST METHOD 14-52 Total Warp
Shrirkagc (in./yd.) 1 wash 5 washes Untreated fabric Treated fabric

4. 4.2 6.3 1.9 2.0 EXAMPLE 1.
A 100% spun viscose gabardine, lightweight shirting fabric was
desized, boiled off and dried on a tenter frame. The pure finished
fabric was passed through an aqueous solution containing the following
materials:
8.5% di(2-methoxy ethoxy ethyl) formal (B.P. 305 C.) 0.6%' sodium
sulfate 2.4% sodium bisulfate 88.5%1 water The treated fabric was
passed between squeeze rolls to remove all the solution in excess of
100%, pickup. The material was then dried at 820 C. on a pin frame at
the dimensions it possessed before impregnating. The dried fabric was
subsequently cured at 157 C. for 5 minutes. Since no shrinkage is
permitted during the above process, the measure of effectiveness of
the operation is the residual shrinkage which occurs in the laundering
tests to follow. A comparison of the behavior of the treated and the
untreated fabric is given in the table below. The tensile strength of
the treated fabric was not adversely affected.
WARP SHRINAGE-A.A.T.C.C. STANDARD TEST METHOD 14-52 Total Warp
Shrinkage (in./yd.) 1 wash 5 washes Untreated fabric Treated fabric
2.6 1.7 EXAMPLE 3.
The fabric described in Example 1 was treated with the composition of
Example 2 in which 3.56 malonaldehyde tetra ethyl acetal (B.P. 2190
C.) was substituted for the acetal and the treated fabric showed the
following shrinkages:
WARP SHRINKAGE-A.A.T.C.C. STANDARD TEST METHOD 14-52 Total Warp
Shrinkage (in./yd.) 1 wash 5 washes 10 washes Untreated fabric 4.4
Treated fabric 2.0 7.6 9.0 1.7 1.7 Similar results were obtained when
the malonaldehyde tetra ethyl acetal was applied from an oil in water
emulsion. 100 Similar results were obtained with other non-volatile
acetals. Other suitable acetals are malonaldehyde tetra methyl acetal,
malonaldehyde tetra (methoxy ethyl) acetal, glyoxal tetra methyl
acetal, glyoxal tetra ethyl acetal, 105 glyoxal tetra butyl acetal,
2-hydroxy adipaldehyde tetra (2-methoxy ethyl) acetal, succinaldehyde
tetra (2-methoxy ethyl) acetal, and mixed acetals, such as methyl
2-methoxyethyl formal, malonaldehyde methyl triethyl 110 acetal and
glyoxal dibutyl di-2-methoxyethyl acetal. Cyclic acetals are also
suitable such as dipentaerythritol diformal having the structure:
180,043 780,043 anl 1,4,5 8- norhrhoSioxoie haviri the SrtucFuoe:
CH.2 C CH2 I',2 I.. I1 H C; t-acn mi The mixed acetals may be prepared
by reacting the aldehyde with a mixture of the alcohols or by carrying
out an exchange reaction with a given acetal and the desired alcohol.
In general, w? prefer to use watersoluble acetals having voiling
points above 125 C. derived from an aldehyde containing up to eight
carbon atoms and having alcohol residues containing one to four carbon
atoms.

5. It has also been discovered that substantially durable physical or
mechanical effects can be produced on cellulosic textile materials by
mechanically working the surface of the material before or during the
curing step of the process herein described. Among the mechanical
effects that can be produced are surface gloss by calendering,
embossing, glazing, Shreinerizing, chased and moire effects. It is
only necessary to carry out the process according to any of the
preceding examples but before or during the curing step the surface of
the fabric is worked to produce the desired physical effect and the
curing then completed. It has been found that as a result of this
treatment the mechanical effects thus produced in the fabric are
substantially durable to wear and resist removal by washing, dry
cleaning and the like.
EXAMPLE 4.
An aqueous solution is prepared containing the following:
Di(2-methoxy ethoxy ethyl) formal 7.5,% Ammonium Chloride 0.8% The
solution was padded on 80 x 80 cotton sheeting at 100% pickup. The
fabric was dried at 82 C. until it reached a moisture content of 11%
and then calendered through heated rolls at 204.4 C. and under a
pressure of about 5 tons per square inch. The fabric was then cured at
149 C. for 5 minutes and finally washed and dried. The fabric
possessed a lustrous finish which was substantially retained even
after soaping at the boil for 10 minutes. The crease resistance was
substantially improved and the retention of tear and tensile strength
was good. Chlorine retention tests conducted according to American
Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (A.A.T.C.C. 1952)
tentative 50 specification 69-52 showed no effects due to retained
chlorine. A test with warm 5% sodium carbonate solution showed no
indication of residual odor in the fabric.
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