Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit of Acceptable Change framework BY ( ERIC FRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).

1. Gateway community resident perceptions of
tourism development: Incorporating
Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit
of Acceptable Change framework
BY
( ERIC FRAUMANFRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).
Presented By
Ibrahim Zubairu Abubakar
Auwalu Sani Yahaya

2. 
Outlines
 Purpose of the study
Main ideas
 Methodology
 Findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendations

3. Purpose of the Study
 The primary purpose of this study was to examine
resident perceptions of community and tourism
development in a gateway area.
 Look at the relationship between the importance of
various attributes and features.
 Perceptions of the current conditions of the
attributes and features across four types of
residents via the incorporation of a modified
Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).

4. Perception

5. Perceptions
 Perceptions of specific impacts due to tourism development have
been shown to influence attitudes toward the industry and its
purveyors, in tourism both positive and negative community
impacts resulting from tourism development and are divided into
three (3) categories for study and assessment as follows:
 Economic
 Socio-cultural
 Environmental
“Understanding and addressing these issues will foster positive
local support for tourism development”. (Hardy et al, 2001, as
cited by Frauman and Sarah, 2010 p: 129).

6. Influence and perceptions of tourism impact
 Attitude varied due to distance from the tourism
centre, in the area where tourism spread at a lower
ratio of tourist, tourism is viewed as being under
local control and so generally is supported, whereas
the opposite generates negative perceptions.
 Rate and concentration of development can have
a greater influence on perception of impact. E.g.
Butler, stated that, as tourism grows residents
develop a sign of increase in hostility and also
residents with more exposure to tourists tend to
regard such interaction as positive.

7. Residents’ segmentation approach
• Segmenting residents into a stakeholder group
based on how they are affected by tourism
development and searching their various perspectives
and interest has been widely investigated.
• For better understanding the way community
members view certain tourism related impacts, it is
necessary to study the perception of different members
in relation to the changes taking place in their areas.
• Some believe that tourism industry enhance their
overall quality of their lives; and so should continue to
grow while others viewed as disturbing.

8. Cont’d
 Business owners' concern about the balance of
power and issues associated with opportunities for
development.
 Environmental groups or long-term residents
are much more interested in quality of life values
and protection of natural resources.
Some researchers suggest that accountability
and better understanding of tourism are required
at an early stage of the planning process in order to
have resident groups' support development
proposals.

9. Limits of acceptable change (LAC)

10. Cont’d
 Residents with high expectation of tourism development
could lose feelings of support when the expectation for economic
development are not met and perceived that socio cultural and
environmental impacts exceed anticipated level.
 Type of impact that connect with the industry and areas hence
higher benefit result in higher tolerance and fewer result in lower
tolerance.
 While community residents that already dependent on tourism
are still able to differentiate between economic benefits and
social costs such negative consequences does not lead to
opposition (King et al, 1993, as cited by Frauman and Sarah, 2010 p:
129).
Therefore, education to increase the knowledge of the benefit
has been demonstrated to help improve overall support.

11. Design/methodology/approach
Study site

12. Blue Ridge Parkway
Blue Ridge Parkway
Boone

14. Cont’d
IPA was used to chart residents types
Data collection consisted of a 3-page survey instrument
with a pre-paid return envelope mailed to 1200
randomly selected addresses provided by the county tax
assessment office in 2006.
Additionally, 60 surveys with a pre-paid return envelope
were hand delivered to tourist-focused businesses in the
county in early 2007 to provide another distinct resident
type for the study.
 The survey consisted 2 parts, 4 demographic and 34 items.
 Respondents were asked to evaluates utilizing Likert-scale.

15. Cont’d
 A financial incentive was included to encourage
participation with follow-up postcards mailed to nonrespondents a couple weeks after the first mailing.
 Attempts were made to address a broad range of
businesses – motels, art galleries, amusement areas,
restaurants – thus, representing a purposive sample.
 Overall, 270 surveys were returned for a response rate
of 21.4%.
 The data were analyses using Microsoft’s Excel and
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS
version 14).

16. Examined attribute categories

17. Importance performance analysis grid

18. Findings
 The general findings from this study revealed that, the
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natural environment makes the county special.
Not only is the natural environment considered important,
there is real concern about the status of its current
condition.
With the exception of a few items (e.g., amount of local tax)
no other socio-cultural or economic attributes and
features were perceived the same in importance and
concern for current condition as the environmental items.
Whether it is concern about the amount of uncontrolled
development, amount of open space, or simply the quality
of the natural environment in general, respondents in this
study value the environment.

19. Conclusion
The natural environment was the main
attribute that makes the area special.
Drives the county’s economy
Contributes to the quality of life of both
permanent and non permanent residents.

20. Recommendations
Decision
makers should utilize resident's
perspectives to enable appropriates community
based tourism planning.
This study will help to identify initial areas of
concern where too much change has occurred or is
likely to occur and therefore needs to be monitored
This study will provide decision makers with a tool
to chart stakeholder groups visually understand
the similarities and differences they may have with
other stakeholders.