Hello Friends, I have made this PPT especially for 10th Standard students of Maharashtra State Board (SSC). This PPT is made highly informative and illustrative, so that each and everyone of you can understand the basics of Science. Best of Luck!

1. Dear students
Welcome to THE WORLD OF
MATTER
-BY FURQAAN

2. WHAT IS MATTER?
Matter, matter everywhere.
There's matter in your hair.
Matter in the air.
There's even matter in a pear!
There's liquid matter, solid matter, and matter that's a
gas.
Even you are matter, because you have volume and
mass!

3. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Matter occupies space.Two objects cannot
occupy the same space at the same
time.The mass of an object gives an
indication of the amount of matter that an
object contains.Mass is a physical quantity
which expresses the amount of matter in
a body.
Sometimes we speak of the contents of a
container, meaning the matter inside it.The

4. ITS MAIN PROPERTIES:-
• Matter is made up of tiny particles.These
particles have space between them.Also, they
attract each other
• Matter occupies space
• Matter has volume and mass.
Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
DENSITY’S FORMULA:-
DENSITY=MASS/VOLUME

5. STATES OF MATTER:-
Everything on Earth that occupies
space and has weight is called matter.
All matter is made from small
particles called atoms and molecules.
Matter can be classified into three
states based on certain properties
and the molecular arrangement.

6. 1)Solids:-
The molecules of solids are tightly packed,
usually in a regular pattern.
They keep their shape unless some force is
applied on it.
Solids do not flow, since their molecules are
strongly attracted to each other
Solids cannot be compressed, since the
molecules are already touching each other
and cannot be squashed any more.

7. 2)Liquids:-
Molecules in liquids are close together but not
necessarily touching each other. There is no pattern
as they randomly move about in all directions.
Liquids do not keep their shape, they take the shape
of the container they are in
They flow easily since the particles can easily move
past each other.
When you compress a liquid, the molecules will end
up touching each other and hence they maintain
volume and becomes difficult to compress.

8. 3)Gases:-
Gases are made up of very loosely packed
molecules that are largely spread out
moving all over the flask.
Since there is no force holding them together, gases
do not keep shape and they completely fill the
container that they are in
Gases flow very easily since their molecules move
about so randomly.
Gases can be compressed, since the molecules are
so far apart the distance between them can be
brought close to each other.

9. 4)PLASMA:-
In physics and chemistry, plasma (also called
an ionized gas) is an energetic state of matter in
which some or all of the electrons in the
outer atomic orbitals have become separated
from the atom. The result is a collection of ions
and electrons which are no longer bound to
each other. This state of matter was
first identified by William Crookes in
1879, and dubbed "plasma" by Irving
Langmuir.

10. CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER
• A material will change from one state or phase to
another at specific combinations of temperature
and surrounding pressure. Typically, the pressure is
atmospheric pressure, so temperature is the
determining factor to the change in state in those
cases.
• Names such as boiling and freezing are given to the
various changes in states of matter. The
temperature of a material will increase until it
reaches the point where the change takes place. It
will stay at that temperature until that change is
completed.

11. NAMES OF CHANGES:-

12. SUBLIMATION
Sublimation of an element or substance is a conversion
between the solid and the gaseous states with
no liquid intermediate stage.At normal pressures, most
compounds and elements possess three different states at
different temperatures.Carbon dioxide is a common
example of a compound that sublimes at normal pressures.
Iodine is another example.Snow and water ice also sublime,
though more slowly, at below-freezing temperatures.

13. EVAPORATION
The process of water molecules
escaping the surface of the Earth
and entering the atmosphere is
known as evaporation.
Evaporation takes place as
molecules of water escape from
a collective body of water. This
can be a puddle, a lake, a
stream, or just a droplet of
water.

14. HEAT ABSORBTION
As heat energy reaches an object it can be absorbed in a
similar manner to the way sponges absorb water. Heat
enters an object, warming it. The longer the object is
exposed to the heat source, the more heat it absorbs.
A good example of heat
absorption is the traditional
Christmas. When first put
into the oven, the turkey is
cool and raw. Slowly as heat
is absorbed by the turkey, it
becomes hotter and hotter
until the entire bird is
cooked, juicy, and ready to
eat.

15. Different objects absorb heat at different
rates. Some objects are excellent
absorbers, while others are very poor
absorbers. Generally, dark colored
objects absorb better than do lighter
colors objects.

16. CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
When a material reaches the temperature at which a
change in state occurs, the temperature will remain the
same until all the energy is used to change the state.
1)Melting:-
When a solid is heated, its temperature rises until it
reaches its melting point. Any additional heat added to
the material will not raise the temperature until all of
the material is melted.
Thus, if you heat some ice, its temperature will rise
until it reaches 0° C (32° F). Then the ice will stay at that
temperature until all the ice is melted. The heat energy
is used to melt the ice and not to raise the
temperature. After the ice is melted, the temperature
of the water will continue to rise as more heat is
applied.

17. 2)Boiling:-
When a liquid is heated, its temperature
rises until it reaches its boiling point. The
temperature will then remain at that
point until all of the liquid is boiled away.
For example, the temperature of a pot of
water will increase until it reaches 100° C
(212° F). It will stay there until all the
water is boiled away. The temperature of
the steam can then be increased.

18. 3)Cooling:-
Likewise, when a gas is cooled, its temperature will
drop until it reaches the condensation point. Any
additional cooling or heat loss will not lower the
temperature until all of the gas is condensed into
the liquid state.
Then the temperature of the liquid will continue to
drop as more cooling is applied. Once the liquid
reaches the freezing point, the temperature will
remain at that point until all of the liquid is
solidified. Then the temperature of the solid can
continue to decrease.

19. BOILING AND FREEZING TEMPERATURES
The boiling and freezing temperatures of some
common materials at normal atmospheric pressure
are:-

20. THE END
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION