SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 13
An eye on the future: A review of Data
Virtualization Techniques to improve research
Presenter: Jack A Richter

Authors:    Jack A Richter, Lela McFarland, Christine Bredfeldt, Ph.D

Contributors:
           Rajesh V DevKaran (KPIT), Wayne Little (KPIT), Sriram Thiruvenkatachari (KPIT),
           Sean Mikha (Teradata), Steven C Werntz (KPGA)               .,
MID-ATLANTIC PERMANENTE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
What is “Data Virtualization”?

 "Data virtualization is the process of
 offering data consumers a data access
 interface that hides the technical
 aspects of stored data, such as
 location, storage structure, API, access
 language, and storage technology."
— "Clearly Defining Data Virtualization, Data Federation and Data Integration“
Rick Van der Lans
 - Industry analyst and author specializing in DW, SOA, and Database technology
 The Hague, The Netherlands - Dec 16, 2010




 2 May 2, 2012   |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
Data Virtualization
                                                                                      Virtualized
                                                                                         Data




                                                                             Data Virtualization Technique




          Teradata                                                                                                                 Flat Files,
                                                                                                                                   Spreadsheets, etc.




                               Oracle                                                                                3rd Party Data Sources



                                                                         SQL/Server                  Enterprise DW


 Source: Data Virtualization Use Cases 12-23-2011.docx By Wayne Little and Rajesh V DevKaran

3 May 2, 2012           |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)
     All pertinent data moved to one physical database



                                                             Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)




                                                                        Multiple Custom ETL Processes




   Claims           Lab             Radiology            Membership                  Pharmacy   HR, Payroll, etc.   Scheduling   CRM   Etc.




4 May 2, 2012   |    © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
Data Marts – A Subset of the EDW
    Data Subject area consolidated in one database


                                                                                            Membership and Utilization Data Mart




                                                                                                   Multiple Custom ETL Processes




       Claims       Lab             Radiology          Membership                Pharmacy     Oncology      Micro Labs      Scheduling   CRM




                                            Multiple Custom ETL Processes




                                                    Lab Data Mart

5 May 2, 2012   |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
Distributed Database Links and Synonyms
  Create links between databases with synonyms so data can be
   accessed and used between databases without knowledge of the
   source database.
                                                                   Membership and Utilization Data Mart
                                                                                (Views)




                                                                          Link Definitions with synonyms




    Claims          Lab             Radiology            Membership                     Pharmacy       Oncology   Micro Labs   Scheduling   CRM



                                                                          Link Definitions with synonyms



                                                                                        Claims Data Mart
                                                                                            (Views)


6 May 2, 2012   |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
SQL or Tool “Views”
     Views – Creating a “view” to the data

                                                                             Patient Encounters




                Patient                                                                            Claims Procedures




                                                                     PATIENT_PROCEDURES (View)




     Procedure Definition Table                                                                   Back Office Procedures




                                                                           Encounter Procedures


7 May 2, 2012       |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
A Data Virtualization Diagram
                                                                                 Web Application/
                                                                                    Browser

                                                   Cognos                                                           SOA


                   Business Objects                                                                                            SQL Clients


             SAS                                                                                                                    Mobile Clients/Apps

                                                                                     Virtual
                                                                                     Schema




                                                                           Data Virtualization Tool



          Teradata                                                                                                                      Flat Files,
                                                                                                                                        Spreadsheets, etc.


                              Oracle                                                                                      3rd Party Data Sources

                                                                    SQL/Server                      Enterprise DW

 Source: Data Virtualization Use Cases 12-23-2011.docx By Wayne Little and Rajesh V DevKaran

8 May 2, 2012           |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
The Forecast for Databases is Partly Cloudy




       What is a “Cloud Database” ?

        Database Hosting Service accessible via the Internet
        An Internet Service that connects users to Databases accessible via the
         internet.

9 May 2, 2012   |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
Cloud Database as a Hosting Service
                                                                                        Public or Private
                                                                                         Approved User
                                                                                         or Application




                                                                       Internet Cloud


                                                                                          LOC Access
                                                                                          Point


                                          Access Point - Virtual Schema or
                                          Pass through direct to databases

        SQL/Server
                                                                                                            Library of Congress
                                                                                                              Cloud Database
        Teradata                                                                                              Hosting System

         Oracle                                    Your Cloud Hosting
                                                         System
      Enterprise DW
                                                                                                               Databases
   Flat Files,
   Spreadsheets, etc.


10 May 2, 2012        |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
Cloud Database as a Database Access Service
                                                                                                              Public or Private
                                                                                                               Approved User
                                                                                                               or Application




                                                                       Internet Cloud

                                                                                                                LOC Access
                                                                                                                Point

                                                      Your Virtual                      Generic Access
                                                      Schema                            Point


       SQL/Server                                                                                                                 Library of Congrwess
                                                                                                                                     Cloud Database
       Teradata                                                                                                                      Hosting System
                                                                                        Generic Vendor
                                                  Your Cloud Hosting                    Cloud Database
        Oracle
                                                        System                          Access System
     Enterprise DW
                                                                                                                                      Databases
 Flat Files,
 Spreadsheets, etc.
                                                                                                     Business B
                                                                          Business A database
                                                                                                         database



11 May 2, 2012        |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
Special Thanks to:
    Kaiser Permanente IT
            – Rajesh V. DevKaran
                  Consultant Specialist, Analytic Solutions & Standards, Enterprise
                   Architecture/Information Management
            – Sriram Thiruvenkatachari
                  Principal Solutions Consultant, Infrastructure Mgt Group, Systems Integration
            – Wayne Little
                  Principal Information Architect, Information Architecture and Standards Mgt,
                   Enterprise Architecture/Information Management
    Kaiser Permanente Georgia
            – Steven C. Werntz
                  Manager, Business Intelligence Solutions, KPGA

    Teradata
            – Sean Mikha
                  Solution Architect, Finance, HealthCare and Insurance (FIH)
12 May 2, 2012   |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
Contacts, Vendors and Links

    Contacts for this presentation
            – Jack Richter – Jack.A.Richter@kp.org
            – Lela L McFarland – Lela.L.McFarland@kp.org
            – Christine E Bredfeldt – Christine.E.Bredfeldt@kp.org


    Some Vendors & Links
            – Data Virtualization
                     Vendor- Composite Software, Inc. - http://www.compositesw.com/
                     Vendor - Denodo Technologies, Inc. - http://www.denodo.com/en/index.php
                     Vendor – IBM - http://www.ibm.com/search/csass/search?sn=mh&q=cloud%20database&lang=en&cc=us&en=utf
                     Vendor – Informatica Corporation - http://www.informatica.com/us/products/data-virtualization/
                     White Paper – Data Virtualization reaches Critical Mass -
                      http://purl.manticoretechnology.com/ImgHost/582/12917/2011/resources/white_papers/DataVirtualizationReachesCriticalMass.pdf




13 May 2, 2012    |   © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

The METL Process in Investment Banking
The METL Process in Investment BankingThe METL Process in Investment Banking
The METL Process in Investment BankingAntony Benzing
 
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals i
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals iOracle 10g sql fundamentals i
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals iManaswi Sharma
 
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patients
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patientsPaperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patients
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patientsABBYY
 
Sophia wang (2)
Sophia wang (2)Sophia wang (2)
Sophia wang (2)Dibakar27
 
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...IJAEMSJORNAL
 
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiences
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiencesMetadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiences
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiencesKerstin Forsberg
 
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing System
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing SystemIRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing System
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing SystemIRJET Journal
 
Information and Integration Management Vision
Information and Integration Management VisionInformation and Integration Management Vision
Information and Integration Management VisionColin Bell
 
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical Data
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical DataCreating Value Through Computable Clinical Data
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical DataRobert Bond
 
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g 20101103 -...
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g   20101103 -...6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g   20101103 -...
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g 20101103 -...Doina Draganescu
 
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in Databases
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in DatabasesClare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in Databases
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in DatabasesFuture Perfect 2012
 
Document Classification for Microsoft Office
Document Classification for Microsoft OfficeDocument Classification for Microsoft Office
Document Classification for Microsoft Officejoseph978
 
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...HMO Research Network
 
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered Systems
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered SystemsOracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered Systems
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered SystemsGregOracle
 
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-Code
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-CodeSharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-Code
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-CodeIRJET Journal
 
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...cscpconf
 
Engineering the Healthcare Technology Transition
Engineering the Healthcare Technology TransitionEngineering the Healthcare Technology Transition
Engineering the Healthcare Technology TransitionGreenway Health
 

Mais procurados (20)

The METL Process in Investment Banking
The METL Process in Investment BankingThe METL Process in Investment Banking
The METL Process in Investment Banking
 
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals i
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals iOracle 10g sql fundamentals i
Oracle 10g sql fundamentals i
 
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patients
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patientsPaperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patients
Paperless registration: Higher satisfaction for staff and patients
 
Sophia wang (2)
Sophia wang (2)Sophia wang (2)
Sophia wang (2)
 
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...
In light of Cloud Computing System CDA Generation and Integration for Health ...
 
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiences
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiencesMetadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiences
Metadata in general and Dublin Core in specific; some experiences
 
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing System
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing SystemIRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing System
IRJET- A Review on Secured CDA Generation Based on Cloud Computing System
 
Information and Integration Management Vision
Information and Integration Management VisionInformation and Integration Management Vision
Information and Integration Management Vision
 
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical Data
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical DataCreating Value Through Computable Clinical Data
Creating Value Through Computable Clinical Data
 
Ihee Ppres0998
Ihee Ppres0998Ihee Ppres0998
Ihee Ppres0998
 
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g 20101103 -...
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g   20101103 -...6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g   20101103 -...
6. real time integration with odi 11g & golden gate 11g & dq 11g 20101103 -...
 
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in Databases
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in DatabasesClare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in Databases
Clare Somerville Trish O’Kane Data in Databases
 
Document Classification for Microsoft Office
Document Classification for Microsoft OfficeDocument Classification for Microsoft Office
Document Classification for Microsoft Office
 
Data Stagev8
Data Stagev8Data Stagev8
Data Stagev8
 
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...
CER HUB An Informatics Platform for Conducting Compartive Effectiveness with ...
 
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered Systems
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered SystemsOracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered Systems
Oracle Identity Management Leveraging Oracle’s Engineered Systems
 
DBArtisan XE6 Datasheet
DBArtisan XE6 DatasheetDBArtisan XE6 Datasheet
DBArtisan XE6 Datasheet
 
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-Code
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-CodeSharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-Code
Sharing of PHR on Cloud Using Attribute Based Encryption and Access by QR-Code
 
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...
Analysis of Bayes, Neural Network and Tree Classifier of Classification Techn...
 
Engineering the Healthcare Technology Transition
Engineering the Healthcare Technology TransitionEngineering the Healthcare Technology Transition
Engineering the Healthcare Technology Transition
 

Semelhante a An Eye on the Future A Review of Data Virtualization Techniques to Improve Research Analytics RICHTER

Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831
Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831
Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831Cana Ko
 
data resource management
 data resource management data resource management
data resource managementsoodsurbhi123
 
Unified big data architecture
Unified big data architectureUnified big data architecture
Unified big data architectureDataWorks Summit
 
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...Hong-Linh Truong
 
Teradata Big Data London Seminar
Teradata Big Data London SeminarTeradata Big Data London Seminar
Teradata Big Data London SeminarHortonworks
 
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data ServicesMicrosoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data ServicesMark Ginnebaugh
 
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information Sharing
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information SharingCreating Data Hubs to Enhance Information Sharing
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information SharingInnoTech
 
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)James Serra
 
open standard EHR with open source based web development
open standard EHR with open source based web developmentopen standard EHR with open source based web development
open standard EHR with open source based web developmentysatria
 
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012Calpont Corporation
 
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data Quality
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data QualityInformatica World 2006 - MDM Data Quality
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data QualityDatabase Architechs
 
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM Software
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM SoftwareAras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM Software
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM SoftwareAras
 
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wp
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wpSybase whats in_your_architecture_wp
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wpSybase Türkiye
 
Transforming Finance With Analytics
Transforming Finance With AnalyticsTransforming Finance With Analytics
Transforming Finance With AnalyticsKathleen Brunner
 
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - Storage
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - StorageOracle Optimized Datacenter - Storage
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - StorageWalter Moriconi
 
4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis
4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis
4.Video Conferencing and DiagnosisVideoguy
 
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information Architecture
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information ArchitectureThe Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information Architecture
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information ArchitectureInside Analysis
 

Semelhante a An Eye on the Future A Review of Data Virtualization Techniques to Improve Research Analytics RICHTER (20)

Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831
Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831
Talk IT_ Oracle_김태완_110831
 
data resource management
 data resource management data resource management
data resource management
 
Unified big data architecture
Unified big data architectureUnified big data architecture
Unified big data architecture
 
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...
TUW- 184.742 Data as a Service – Concepts, Design & Implementation, and Ecosy...
 
Informatics technologies in an evolving r & d landscape
Informatics technologies in an evolving r & d landscapeInformatics technologies in an evolving r & d landscape
Informatics technologies in an evolving r & d landscape
 
Teradata Big Data London Seminar
Teradata Big Data London SeminarTeradata Big Data London Seminar
Teradata Big Data London Seminar
 
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data ServicesMicrosoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services
 
Oracle's BigData solutions
Oracle's BigData solutionsOracle's BigData solutions
Oracle's BigData solutions
 
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information Sharing
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information SharingCreating Data Hubs to Enhance Information Sharing
Creating Data Hubs to Enhance Information Sharing
 
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)
Introduction to Microsoft’s Master Data Services (MDS)
 
open standard EHR with open source based web development
open standard EHR with open source based web developmentopen standard EHR with open source based web development
open standard EHR with open source based web development
 
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012
Analytic Platforms in the Real World with 451Research and Calpont_July 2012
 
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data Quality
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data QualityInformatica World 2006 - MDM Data Quality
Informatica World 2006 - MDM Data Quality
 
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM Software
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM SoftwareAras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM Software
Aras Vision and Roadmap with Aras Innovator PLM Software
 
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wp
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wpSybase whats in_your_architecture_wp
Sybase whats in_your_architecture_wp
 
Transforming Finance With Analytics
Transforming Finance With AnalyticsTransforming Finance With Analytics
Transforming Finance With Analytics
 
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - Storage
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - StorageOracle Optimized Datacenter - Storage
Oracle Optimized Datacenter - Storage
 
4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis
4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis
4.Video Conferencing and Diagnosis
 
Big Data
Big DataBig Data
Big Data
 
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information Architecture
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information ArchitectureThe Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information Architecture
The Comprehensive Approach: A Unified Information Architecture
 

Mais de HMO Research Network

New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...
New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...
New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...HMO Research Network
 
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...HMO Research Network
 
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...HMO Research Network
 
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...HMO Research Network
 
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGER
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGERA Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGER
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGERHMO Research Network
 
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...HMO Research Network
 
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...HMO Research Network
 
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...HMO Research Network
 
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSON
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSONAn Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSON
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSONHMO Research Network
 
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...HMO Research Network
 
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOK
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOKExpanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOK
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOKHMO Research Network
 
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...HMO Research Network
 
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...HMO Research Network
 
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...HMO Research Network
 
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...HMO Research Network
 
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...HMO Research Network
 
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...HMO Research Network
 
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALE
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALEDocumentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALE
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALEHMO Research Network
 
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...HMO Research Network
 

Mais de HMO Research Network (20)

New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...
New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...
New Rules Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Public Health Service Funded ...
 
From Populations to Patients
From Populations to PatientsFrom Populations to Patients
From Populations to Patients
 
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...
Evaluation of the Validity of the Gestational Length Assumptions Based Upon A...
 
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...
Comparative Safety of Infliximaband Etanercept on the Risk of Serious Infecti...
 
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...
A Multi State Markov Model for Analyzing Patterns of Use of Opiod Treatments ...
 
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGER
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGERA Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGER
A Descriptive Study of Vaccinations Occuring During Pregnancy HENNINGER
 
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...
The Use of Administrative Data and Natural Language Processing to Estimate th...
 
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...
Patient Views of KRAS Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer L...
 
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Lung Cancer C...
 
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSON
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSONAn Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSON
An Application of Doubly Robust Estimation JOHNSON
 
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...
Risk Factors for Short Term Virologic Outcomes Among HIV Infected Patients Un...
 
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOK
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOKExpanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOK
Expanding SEER Reporting with Comorbidity Data Colorectal Cancer HORNBROOK
 
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...
Drug Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Across Eight Diseas...
 
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...
Feasibility of Implementing Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Trea...
 
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...
eCare for Heart Wellness A Trial to Test the Feasibility of Web Based Dietici...
 
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...
A Telephone Based Diabetes Prevention Program and Social Support for Weight L...
 
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...
Technological Resources & Personnel Costs Required to Implement an Automated ...
 
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...
Online Patient Access to their Medical Record and Health Providers is Associa...
 
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALE
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALEDocumentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALE
Documentations of Advanced Heath Care Directives Where Are They TAI_SEALE
 
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...
A Simulated Diabetes Learning Intervention Improves Provider Knowledge and Co...
 

An Eye on the Future A Review of Data Virtualization Techniques to Improve Research Analytics RICHTER

  • 1. An eye on the future: A review of Data Virtualization Techniques to improve research Presenter: Jack A Richter Authors: Jack A Richter, Lela McFarland, Christine Bredfeldt, Ph.D Contributors: Rajesh V DevKaran (KPIT), Wayne Little (KPIT), Sriram Thiruvenkatachari (KPIT), Sean Mikha (Teradata), Steven C Werntz (KPGA) ., MID-ATLANTIC PERMANENTE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
  • 2. What is “Data Virtualization”? "Data virtualization is the process of offering data consumers a data access interface that hides the technical aspects of stored data, such as location, storage structure, API, access language, and storage technology." — "Clearly Defining Data Virtualization, Data Federation and Data Integration“ Rick Van der Lans - Industry analyst and author specializing in DW, SOA, and Database technology The Hague, The Netherlands - Dec 16, 2010 2 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 3. Data Virtualization Virtualized Data Data Virtualization Technique Teradata Flat Files, Spreadsheets, etc. Oracle 3rd Party Data Sources SQL/Server Enterprise DW Source: Data Virtualization Use Cases 12-23-2011.docx By Wayne Little and Rajesh V DevKaran 3 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
  • 4. Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)  All pertinent data moved to one physical database Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) Multiple Custom ETL Processes Claims Lab Radiology Membership Pharmacy HR, Payroll, etc. Scheduling CRM Etc. 4 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 5. Data Marts – A Subset of the EDW  Data Subject area consolidated in one database Membership and Utilization Data Mart Multiple Custom ETL Processes Claims Lab Radiology Membership Pharmacy Oncology Micro Labs Scheduling CRM Multiple Custom ETL Processes Lab Data Mart 5 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 6. Distributed Database Links and Synonyms  Create links between databases with synonyms so data can be accessed and used between databases without knowledge of the source database. Membership and Utilization Data Mart (Views) Link Definitions with synonyms Claims Lab Radiology Membership Pharmacy Oncology Micro Labs Scheduling CRM Link Definitions with synonyms Claims Data Mart (Views) 6 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 7. SQL or Tool “Views”  Views – Creating a “view” to the data Patient Encounters Patient Claims Procedures PATIENT_PROCEDURES (View) Procedure Definition Table Back Office Procedures Encounter Procedures 7 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 8. A Data Virtualization Diagram Web Application/ Browser Cognos SOA Business Objects SQL Clients SAS Mobile Clients/Apps Virtual Schema Data Virtualization Tool Teradata Flat Files, Spreadsheets, etc. Oracle 3rd Party Data Sources SQL/Server Enterprise DW Source: Data Virtualization Use Cases 12-23-2011.docx By Wayne Little and Rajesh V DevKaran 8 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
  • 9. The Forecast for Databases is Partly Cloudy What is a “Cloud Database” ?  Database Hosting Service accessible via the Internet  An Internet Service that connects users to Databases accessible via the internet. 9 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 10. Cloud Database as a Hosting Service Public or Private Approved User or Application Internet Cloud LOC Access Point Access Point - Virtual Schema or Pass through direct to databases SQL/Server Library of Congress Cloud Database Teradata Hosting System Oracle Your Cloud Hosting System Enterprise DW Databases Flat Files, Spreadsheets, etc. 10 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
  • 11. Cloud Database as a Database Access Service Public or Private Approved User or Application Internet Cloud LOC Access Point Your Virtual Generic Access Schema Point SQL/Server Library of Congrwess Cloud Database Teradata Hosting System Generic Vendor Your Cloud Hosting Cloud Database Oracle System Access System Enterprise DW Databases Flat Files, Spreadsheets, etc. Business B Business A database database 11 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.
  • 12. Special Thanks to:  Kaiser Permanente IT – Rajesh V. DevKaran  Consultant Specialist, Analytic Solutions & Standards, Enterprise Architecture/Information Management – Sriram Thiruvenkatachari  Principal Solutions Consultant, Infrastructure Mgt Group, Systems Integration – Wayne Little  Principal Information Architect, Information Architecture and Standards Mgt, Enterprise Architecture/Information Management  Kaiser Permanente Georgia – Steven C. Werntz  Manager, Business Intelligence Solutions, KPGA  Teradata – Sean Mikha  Solution Architect, Finance, HealthCare and Insurance (FIH) 12 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.
  • 13. Contacts, Vendors and Links  Contacts for this presentation – Jack Richter – Jack.A.Richter@kp.org – Lela L McFarland – Lela.L.McFarland@kp.org – Christine E Bredfeldt – Christine.E.Bredfeldt@kp.org  Some Vendors & Links – Data Virtualization  Vendor- Composite Software, Inc. - http://www.compositesw.com/  Vendor - Denodo Technologies, Inc. - http://www.denodo.com/en/index.php  Vendor – IBM - http://www.ibm.com/search/csass/search?sn=mh&q=cloud%20database&lang=en&cc=us&en=utf  Vendor – Informatica Corporation - http://www.informatica.com/us/products/data-virtualization/  White Paper – Data Virtualization reaches Critical Mass - http://purl.manticoretechnology.com/ImgHost/582/12917/2011/resources/white_papers/DataVirtualizationReachesCriticalMass.pdf 13 May 2, 2012 | © 2011 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. For internal use only.

Notas do Editor

  1. Change History v7.1 - added links to slide 14 (vendor info) and corrected spelling errors - added comments to slides 2 and 13
  2. Quote From the "BeyeNETWORK : Comprehensive resources for business intelligence and data warehousing professionals" Web Link : http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/14815 =========================================================================================== Rick van der Lans Rick F. van der Lans is an independent consultant, author and lecturer specializing in XML, data warehousing, application integration, and information modelling. He is Managing Director of R20/Consultancy based in The Netherlands. Rick has advised many large companies worldwide on defining their data warehouse architectures. He is chairman of the Database Systems Show (organized annually in The Netherlands since 1984), and he is columnist for two major newspapers in the Benelux, "Computable" and "DataNews". Additionally, he is advisor for magazines such as Software Release Magazine and Database Magazine. ============================================================================================ Leading DV Vendor reports A top 5 global bank used DV to create SOA data services layer across 200+ sources and 20+ applications. 250% ROI in 3 months elapsed time, 2% revenue increase within the business unit, 50-60% reduction in integration design and development time for new applications and portals, 25% increase in object reuse for downstream BI reporting projects. A top 3 global pharmaceutical firm used DV to quickly prototype, develop and deploy the new information solutions required to support strategic business decision 90% reduction in time to create a new report, 10X faster time-to-business-value for new views and applications, 200% ROI in 3 months elapsed time, 100% increase in key business analyst productivity, and 5% improvement in R&D project on-time delivery. Cable and Home Internet Service Provider – used DV to federate data from different source - data, e-mail data, credential data, etc into one virtual layer Reduced transaction time for processing a request from average of 5 seconds down to 1 second, significantly reduced manpower to manage the systems by 20% (development costs reduced), reduced time-to-market for deploying new applications by 25%. ** Notes & Slide Source: PPT Presentation - Data Virtualization .. Data Execution Strategy & Architecture Presentation 0/27/2011 by: Wayne Little & Raj Devkaran (KPIT)
  3. Some Key features of Data Virtualization Multiple data delivery methods to the consuming applications SOA data services ODBC/JDBC REST Embedded Metadata in the Virtual Platform Availability of re-usable Data Quality and Data Transform definitions Scheduling & pre-processing Data Caching Data Discovery Rapid Prototyping DV enables integration of structured (databases), semi-structured (spreadsheets) and non-structured (weblogs, pdf file) data. Data can be cached for purposes of pre-fetching static or large data. Cache jobs are usually scheduled while DV jobs are usually realtime. Mobile devices can also "connect" to the virtual schema. Data Warehouse extension and virtual data marts are some other uses.
  4. Concerns Timing Costs (Hardware, Programming, Support) Constant redesign of database and data movement (ETL) processes Data Quality issues introduced within the process Benefits Single Source of data – Consistent view of the data for all users
  5. Concerns Same issues as the EDW Data duplicated between Data Marts Inconsistent ETL processes/Business rules may be applied If sourced from EDW may not be possible to trace back to true data source Benefits Allows for consistent interpretation of the data sets involved ETLs can be subject area specific Smaller datasets improve performance
  6. Concerns Usually requires all databases be from the same vendor May Require users to know the relationships of data between different databases Performance issues (network, source system, end user) Benefits Allows access to data across databases without physical movement of the data No ETLs and Minimal IT involvement
  7. Concerns Requires all data to be in the same database unless Distributed Database Links or something similar is used. Usually requires knowledge of the data, data relationships and rules May introduce performance issues (can be “materialized” to resolve this issue) May require movement of the view dataset Benefits Insulates the user from physical database changes. Allows for centralized consistent application of business rules Allows for centralized consistent creation derived data elements Makes data queries easier to write - less joins Fixes need to be applied only once – in the view Simple Example create view pat_names as SELECT pat_mrn, pat_name FROM base.patient WHERE patient_type <> ‘TEST’; Complex Example: Create view VDW_DEATH as SELECT smrn.PERSON_ID as MRN, rdd.DEATHDT as DeathDt, rdd.DTIMPUTE as DtImpute, rdd.COD_DX as UnderCOD, rdd.CODETYPE as Codetype, rdd.SOURCE as Source, rdd.SOURCE_CONFIDENCE as Confidence, rdd.DEATH_ID as Local_Death_ID FROM RSRCH_DEATH_DETAILS as rdd INNER JOIN RSRCH_ID_PAT_PERSON as smrn ON smrn.VDW_EXCLUDED_FLAG='N‘ and rdd.PAT_ID = smrn.PAT_ID AND rdd.LINE=1;
  8. Problems Addressed by Data Virtualization Data Challenges Rapid data proliferation Increasing complexity & volume Data needs beyond structured Data duplication & inconsistency Silo’d data approaches Dollars & Delivery Speed Shrinking budgets Need for personalized real-time Health Care data Classic delivery methods too slow Increasing regulations Lack of agility to timely meet business needs Value Proposition for Data Virtualization Faster, More Agile Delivery Quicker time to market – virtual rather than physical integration Updating data views easier/faster than corresponding physical changes for DB/DW/DM Single Unified Source of Consistent On-Demand Data Access Re-use of consistent rules: data cleansing, business rules, security rules, etc. Common “virtual schema” with unified metadata and definitions Uniform data integration for multiple workflows and down-stream consumers: Data Services to SOA Services ( foundational data support for SOA Strategy ) ETL Reporting & Analytics Web Portals Combine multiple data sources, types & formats into a complete and unified set Structured to unstructured data Internal to external data (including cloud) Operational systems to DWs to Data Marts to Web Applications
  9. Picture – free usage from http://freebigpictures.com/clouds-pictures/cloud-sea/
  10. AN INTERNET BASED (i.e. Cloud) DATABASE HOSTING SERVICE - A service which hosts the users’ database on a remote system that can be accessed via the internet. The database support security and management is performed by the service vendor. It may or may not present a virtualized data view. It may require user software in addition to an internet browser to access the data. Some Vendors: SimpleDB – NoSQL (Amazon) ClearDB (CloudDB) CouchDB – NoSQL (CouchOne) Xeround - Sql*Server (Amazon) AppEngine (Google)\\ Database.com AN INTERNET BASED (i.e. Cloud) HOSTING SERVICE - A database independent service which presents the users’ database(s) to internet users.. The database support security and management is performed by customer. The tool may or may not present a virtualized data view. It may require user software in addition to an internet browser to access the data.
  11. Cloud Database as a Generic Database Access Service This definition of a Cloud database is one where a database access service connects users with databases hosted on the internet (i.e. Cloud based databases). These databases may be hosted by the vendor running the access site or by others. Generally the access follows a format wherein the user does not need to know the database format nor method in which the database is implemented. SaaS – Software as a Service IasS – Infrastructure as a Service or Information as a Service PaaS – Platform as a Service
  12. The Forrester Wave™: Data Virtualization, Q1 2012 Informatica, IBM, Composite Software, And Denodo Technologies Lead, With SAP, Microsoft, Oracle, Stone Bond, And Red Hat Close Behind by Noel Yuhanna, Mike Gilpin with Adam Knoll http://www.forrester.com/search?#/The+Forrester+Wave+Data+Virtualization+Q1+2012/quickscan/-/E-RES60746 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Article Abstract: In Forrester's 53-criteria evaluation of data virtualization — also known as information-as-a-service (IaaS) — vendors, we found that Informatica, IBM, Composite Software, and Denodo Technologies lead the pack because of strong enterprise-class data virtualization features and functionality such as real-time integration, data quality, transformation, caching, and modeling. SAP, Microsoft, Oracle, Stone Bond Technologies, and Red Hat are Strong Performers; each offers a viable option to support particular use cases. Although Oracle no longer positions itself in the data virtualization market, Forrester evaluated its solution as a nonparticipating vendor. Red Hat continues as the most substantial vendor supporting an open source data virtualization solution. This market has sufficiently matured in that its Leaders include large well-established platform vendors, but it continues to exhibit important innovation from smaller players more exclusively focused on information virtualization and federation.