The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

INTRODUCTION
?
NATIONALISM
…
Nationalism is a belief,
creed or political ideology
that involves an individual
identifying with, or
becoming attached to, one's
nation.
In the history of Philippines,
the birth of nationalism went
rather slowly due to
topography, language problems
and colonial policy.
Nationalism is not a product of
a sudden outburst of sentiment.
It is brought about by certain
factors that gradually develop.
It is like a seed nourished by
common ideals and aspiration
for national unity.

NATIONALISM
Nationalism is a belief,
creed or political
ideology that involves an
individual identifying
with, or becoming
attached to, one's
nation.
It involves national
identity.
Nationalism is the
feeling of oneness among
the people of a certain
country.

Opening of Philippines to World
Commerce
Influx of Liberal Ideas
Secularization Movement
Liberal Regime of De La Torre
Cavite Mutiny
GOMBURZA Execution

Opening of Philippines to
World Commerce
Transformed Philippines as the center for world trade
Provincial ports were opened to foreign merchants
-- rice, sugar, abaca, tobacco and indigo
Broke her dependency on the treasury of Mexico
The economy of the Philippines rose rapidly and its
local industries developed

World Commerce
Modernization of the country
-- 1839 : Mail service
-- 1852 : 1st paper money (Philippine bank)
-- 1880 : Hotel de Oriente (Binondo)
-- 1846 : 1st newspaper
Rise of the middle class
-- intelligentsia or ilustrado
-- comprised of the Spanish and Chinese mestizos

World Commerce

Due, primarily, to the opening of Philippines to world trade
The possibility of applying Western thoughts as a means to
solve existing problems in the country
Also caused by the opening of
the Suez Canal
-- November 17, 1869

The intellectuals of the country gained access to western
political thought from the books and newspapers brought by
foreign travelers
-- Ideologies of the French and American Revolution
-- Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson

“But there is
only one thing
which gathers
people into
seditious
commotion, and
that is
oppression.”
“When the
people fear the
government,
there is tyranny.
When the
government
fears the people,
there is liberty.”
“Society is the
union of men
and not the men
themselves.”
“In general, the
art of
government
consists of taking
as much money
as possible from
one class of
citizens to give
to another.”
“Man is born
free, but
everywhere he
is in chains.”

Regular Priests and Secular Priests
-- Regular priests belonged to religious orders.
Their main task was to spread Christianity.
-- Secular priests were trained to run the
parishes and were under the supervision of
the bishops.
Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the
parishes that were being run by regular priests

Secular priests must fill in the vacancy left by the regular
clergy
The increase of number in Christian converts proved to be too
much compared to the number of clerics
Due to lack of personnel, the various religious orders opened
membership to young native Filipinos
-- 1698: Francisco Baluyut – 1st indio priest

Conflict mounted between the Spanish friars and Filipino
Priests
-- Father Pedro Pelaez
- defended the rights of the
Filipino clergy

He was welcomed by both Filipinos and
Spaniards
-- June 23, 1869
A liberal Spaniard who practiced
liberal and democratic principles
He abolished flogging, relaxed media
censorship, and began limited
secularization of education

Developed a close relationship with the ilustrados
The peaceful settlement of agrarian unrest in Cavite
-- Guisas de la Torre (Guardia Civil)
- police force headed by Camerino, the leader
of the revolt

Alpargatas
- the Spanish national
footwear for peasants

Cavite Mutiny
The liberal government established by Gov. – Gen. Carlos Maria
de la Torre ended
-- General Rafael Izquierdo
- marked the end of liberal policies
200 Filipino Soldiers (Cavite arsenal)
-- abolition of exemption from polo y servicio and
payment of annual tribute
-- January 20, 1872
- the mutiny broke out under the leadership of
Sergeant La Madrid
-- January 27, 1872
- 41 mutineers were executed including Camerino

Cavite Mutiny
Boasted that he ruled with a
crucifix in one hand and a sword in
the other

GOMBURZA Execution
Father Mariano Gomez
Father Jose Burgos
Father Jacinto Zamora

GOMBURZA Execution
February 17, 1872
-- executed by the
Spanish colonizers
on charges of
subversion

GOMBURZA Execution
February 17, 1872
-- executed by the
Spanish colonizers
on charges of
subversion
Refers to an attempt to
transform the established
social order and its
structures

GOMBURZA Execution
-- is a weapon, most
often referring to a handheld
ligature of chain, rope, scarf,
wire or fishing line used to
strangle a person
Garrote

GOMBURZA Execution
Questioned Spanish authorities and demanded reforms
Their deaths awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment
among the Filipinos
-- Propaganda Movement
-- It was organized and participated by
the illustrados

GOMBURZA Execution
Propaganda Movement
-- Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards.
-- Recognition of the Philippines as province of Spain.
-- Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
-- Secularization of Philippine parishes.
-- Human rights
Graciano Lopez– Jaena
Jose Rizal

GOMBURZA Execution
Propaganda Movement
-- La Liga Filipina
-- La Solidaridad
La Liga Filipina had no intention of rising up in arms against the
government but the Spaniards still felt threatened
The Propaganda Movement put up its own newspaper, called La
Solidaridad.

The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

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The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

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