blood test information for dentistry students

1. In the name of GOD

2. Common Laboratory Blood Tests

3. CBC
• Complete blood count
• With or without differential
• Peripheral venous blood is collected in a lavendar tube (contains the
anticoagulant EDTA) and should be thoroughly mixed
• Unacceptable specimen:
• Clotted or greater than 48 hours old
• Methodology of testing:
• Whole blood analyzer
• How often is the test available for hospitalized patients?
• 7 days/week (24/7)

4. What is measured?
Red blood cell data
Total red blood cell count (RBC)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hematocrit (Hct)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)
White blood cell data
Total white blood cell (leukocyte) count (WBC)
A white blood cell count differential may also be ordered
Platelet Count (PLT)

5. Total Red Blood Cell Count
Count of the number of circulating red blood cells in 1mm3 of
peripheral venous blood
Normal RBC range is: Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per
microliter (cells/mcL) Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL.

6. Hgb
A low hemoglobin count is a below-average concentration of the
oxygen-carrying hemoglobin proteins in your blood. A
low hemoglobincount is generally defined as less than 13.5 grams
of hemoglobin per deciliter (135 grams per liter) of blood for men and
less than 12 grams per deciliter (120 grams per liter) for women
For men, 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter. For
women, 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter. Normal ranges
for children vary with age and sex. The range for a normal
hemoglobin level may differ from one medical practice to
another.

7. Hct
The hematocrit blood test determines the percentage of
red blood cells (RBC's) in the blood.Blood is composed
mainly of red blood cells and white blood cells
suspended in an almost clear fluid called serum.
The hematocrit test indicates the percentage of blood by
volume that is composed of red blood cells.
Results from your hematocrit are reported as the
percentage of blood cells that are red blood cells. The
normal range is 38.8 to 50 percent for men and 34.9 to
44.5 percent for women. The normal range for children 15
years of age and younger varies by age and sex

8. MCV
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) laboratory test, as part of a standard
complete blood count (CBC), is used along with other RBC indices
(MCH and MCHC) to help classify the cause of anemia based on red
cell morphology
Mean cell volume (MCV) - guideline normal values: 77-
95 fL. This is a good starting point for the evaluation of
anaemia and usefully classifies anaemia into macrocytic
and microcytic anaemias. Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) -
guideline normal values: 27.0-32.0 pg

9. RDW
Red cell distribution width (RDW) laboratorytest is a part of a standard
complete bloodcount (CBC), and it is used along with other RBC
indices, especially mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to help determine
the causes of anemia.
Higher RDW values indicate greater variation in size.
Normal reference range of RDW-CV in human red blood
cells is 11.5-14.5%. If anemia is observed, RDW test
results are often used together with mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) results to determine the possible causes of
the anemia

10. WBC
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes, are an important
part of the immune system. These cells help fight infections by
attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body. White
blood cells originate in the bone marrow, but circulate throughout the
bloodstream.
The normal range for the white blood cell count varies
between laboratories but is usually between 4,300 and
10,800 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. This can also
be referred to as the leukocyte count and can be
expressed in international units as4.3 - 10.8 x 109 cells
per liter.

11. PLT
A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter
of blood. Having more than 450,000 platelets is a condition called
thrombocytosis; having less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia. You get
your platelet number from a routine blood test called a complete blood count
(CBC).
A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to
450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Having more
than 450,000 platelets is a condition called
thrombocytosis; having less than 150,000 is known as
thrombocytopenia. You get your platelet number from a
routine blood test called a complete blood count (CBC).

12. PT test
Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures how long it
takes blood to clot. A prothrombin time test can be used to check
for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine
to prevent blood clots is working. A PT test may also be called an
INR test

13. PTT test
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that
measures the time it takes your blood to clot. A PTT test
can be used to check for bleeding problems. Blood
clotting factors are needed for blood to clot (coagulation).

14. INR
A blood test is needed to determine the effect of warfarin for each
person and this is measured as the International Normalised Ratio
or INR. The INR is a measure of how long it takes for blood to clot.
The INR for a person not taking warfarin is 1

15. Test Abbreviation Normal Ranges
Prothrombin time PT 11-14 seconds
Partial thromboplastin time PTT 25-35 seconds
International normalized ratio INR 0.8 to 1.2

16. BT
Bleeding time is a medical test done on someone to assess their
platelets function. It involves making a patient bleed then timing how
long it takes for them to stop bleeding. The term template bleeding
time is used when the test is performed to standardized parameters.
The bleeding time can be abnormal when the platelet
count is low or the platelets are dysfunctional.

17. FBS
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) measures blood glucose after
you have not eaten for at least 8 hours. It is often the
first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes. 2-
hour postprandial blood sugar measures blood glucose
exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal.
The results of a fasting test with respect to glucose levels
in the body are as follows: Normal: 3.9 to 5.5 mmols/l (70
to 100 mg/dl) Prediabetes or Impaired Glucose
Tolerance: 5.6 to 7.0 mmol/l (101 to 126 mg/dl) Diagnosis
of diabetes: more than 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)

18. Cr
A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the
blood.Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine breaks
down.Creatine is a substance found in muscle. Creatinine levels help
determine how well your kidneys function
Normal levels of creatinine in the blood are approximately
0.6 to 1.2 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) in adult males
and 0.5 to 1.1 milligrams per deciliter in adult females.

19. Na
Sodium is a mineral essential to your body. It is also referred to as
Na+ or natrium. Sodium is particularly important for nerve and
muscle function. Your body keeps sodium in balance through a
variety of mechanisms.

20. Ca
A blood calcium test is ordered to screen for, diagnose, and monitor a
range of conditions relating to the bones, heart, nerves, kidneys, and
teeth. The test may also be ordered if a person has symptoms of
aparathyroid disorder, malabsorption, or an overactivethyroid.
The corrected total serum calcium concentration is
normally 8.5-10.2 mg/dL, but there is no sure means of
predicting the serum calcium level, for either
hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, at which symptoms will
occur

21. urea
A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test checks kidney function by
measuring how much urea nitrogen is in your blood. Urea nitrogen is
a waste product from the breakdown of protein in the body. Normally,
this waste is filtered by the kidneys and leaves the body through urine
In general, 7 to 20 mg/dL (2.5 to 7.1 mmol/L) is
considered normal. But normal ranges may vary,
depending on the reference range used by the lab, and
your age. Ask your doctor to explain your results. Urea
nitrogen levels tend to increase with age.

22. Blood group test
Blood type tests are done before a person gets a blood
transfusion and to check a pregnant woman's blood type.
Human blood is typed by certain markers (called antigens) on
the surface of red blood cells. Blood type may also be done to
see if two people are likely to be blood relatives.
The most important antigens are blood group antigens (ABO)
and the Rh antigen, which is either present (positive, +) or
absent (negative, -). So the two most common blood type tests
are the ABO and Rh tests.
ABO test

23. ABO test
The ABO test shows that people have one of four blood
types: A, B, AB, or O. If your red blood cells have:
The A antigen, you have type A blood. The liquid portion of
your blood (plasma) has antibodies that attack type B
blood. About 42% of people (42 in 100) in the United
States have type A blood, with 6% having A-negative (A-)
blood and 36% having A-positive (A+) blood.1
The B antigen, you have type B blood. Your plasma has
antibodies that attack type A blood. About 10% of people
(10 in 100) in the U.S. have type B blood, with 2% having
B-negative (B-) blood and 8% having B-positive (B+)
blood.1

24. Neither the A nor B antigen, you have type O blood. Your
plasma has antibodies that attack both type A and type B
blood. About 44% of people (44 in 100) in the U.S. have
type O blood, with 7% having O-negative (O-) blood and
37% having O-positive (O+) blood.1
Both the A and B antigens, you have type AB blood. Your
plasma does not have antibodies against type A or type B
blood. About 4% of people (4 in 100) in the U.S. have type
AB blood, with 1% having AB-negative (AB-) blood and
3% having AB-positive (AB+) blood

25. THANKS FOR WATCHING