Building simulation is the process of using a computer to build a virtual replica of a building. The building is built from its component parts on a computer and a simulation is performed by taking that building through the weather conditions of an entire year. In a way, building simulation is a way to quantitatively predict the future and thus has considerable value. Building simulation is commonly divided into two categories: Load Design, Energy-Analysis. The common phrase for building simulation when energy is involved is Energy-Simulation.

1. Presented By:
Nitin Sharma
Ataulla Khan
Pranav Arora
Sudhanshu Srivastava
Kumar Avinash

2.  Building simulation is the process of using a computer to build a virtual replica of
a building.
 The building is built from its component parts on a computer and a simulation is
performed by taking that building through the weather conditions of an entire
year.
 In a way, building simulation is a way to quantitatively predict the future and
thus has considerable value.
 Building simulation is commonly divided into two categories:
1. Load Design,
2. Energy-Analysis.
 The common phrase for building simulation when energy is involved is Energy-
Simulation.
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

3.  Air conditioning loads (the amount of cooling/heating energy needed by a
space/system/building)
 Volumetric air flow requirements (the amount of air needed to cool/heat a space)
 Equipment capacities (since equipment may condition multiple spaces)
 Supply Temperatures
 Hydronic Plant capacities (worst case simultaneous load)
 Similarities and differences between equipment options for heating and cooling a
space
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

4.  Predict the monthly energy consumption
and bills
 Predict the annual energy costs.
 Annual CO2 emissions.
 Compare and contrast different
efficiency options.
 Determine life cycle payback on various
options.
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

5. 5
 Building energy simulation, also called building energy
modeling (or energy modeling in context), is the use of
software to predict the energy use of a building.
 Energy models will output building energy use predictions in
typical end-use categories:
1. heating,
2. cooling,
3. lighting,
4. plug, and process.
 In addition to energy units, most software includes utility
rates input, and can predict energy costs.
 It is also used to evaluate the payback of green energy
solutions like solar panels and photovoltaics, wind turbines
and high efficiency appliances.
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

6. 6
 A typical energy model will have inputs for
 1.climate;
 2.envelope;
 3.internal gains from lighting, equipment, and occupants;
 4.heating, cooling, and ventilation systems;
 5.schedules of occupants, equipment, and lighting.
Why?
 Energy-savings measures can be calculated using simple spreadsheets and a wide variety of
bespoke software applications are available.
 Buildings consume roughly one-third of all the energy consumed nationally every year
 Much of this energy is consumed maintaining the thermal conditions inside the building and lighting
 Simulation can and has played a significant role in reducing the energy consumption of
buildings
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

7. 7
 Approximate definition: a computer model of the
energy processes within a building that are
intended to provide a thermally comfortable
environment for the occupants (or contents) of a
building
 Examples of building thermal simulation programs:
Energy Plus, Energy-10, BLAST, DOE-2, esp-R,
TRNSYS, etc.
 Load Calculations
 Generally used for determining sizing of equipment such as fans, chillers, boilers, etc.
 Energy Analysis
 Helps evaluate the energy cost of the building over longer periods of time
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

8.  Building location and geometry
 Building materials (walls, windows, u-values, shading coefficients)
 General operation of the building
 All interior load values (Lighting, plug loads, occupant numbers and activity level).
 Zoning requirements
 System types (is it constant volume or VAV? DX coils or chilled water?) - If you don't
know the system type, you can use a model to decide what's best!
 You need to be smart.
Presented By: Nitin Sharma

9. Advantages of Energy Simulation Software tools
 An important support used for building designers to reduce the cost of energy in
buildings.
 About one third of the energy consumption in buildings is used to increase
thermal conditions of the dwellings and for lighting. Thermal simulation
software tools for buildings allow to:
 The energy simulation software allow to determinate with accuracy some
variables that can support designers to take decisions about the best measures
to apply for any building to built or already existent.
• Determine the appropriate size of HVAC systems;
• Analyse the energy consumption;
• Calculate the cost of the energy used.
Presented By: Ataulla Khan

10. Presented By: Ataulla Khan

11.  The calculation of energy consumptions allow a more
accurate determination of design charges and help to
decide with highest accuracy the possible devices to be
used in a room.
 Energy simulation software tools can also allow
considering all the regulations in force and
simultaneously provide a sense of comfort.
 Such software have also available tools to improve
constructive solutions through simulating the
incorporation of passive solar systems in buildings, such
as horizontally and vertically shading systems and a
more accurate study of the HVAC system loads to use.
Presented By: Ataulla Khan

12.  Nowadays, designers need tools that
answer to very specific questions
even during the initial design phase.
Through the use of energy
simulation software designers can
consider specific choices, (e.g.,
heating and cooling).
 Designers can also predict the
thermal behaviour of buildings prior
to their construction and simulate
the costs of energy in existent
buildings in their current
conditions, establishing the best
thermal retrofitting measures to
adopt in the buildings under
analysis.
Presented By: Ataulla Khan

13. Besides the
energy
consumption,
simulation
software
tools can also
be used to
calculate.
• Indoor temperatures;
• Needs for heating and cooling;
• Consumption needs of HVAC systems;
• Natural lighting needs of the occupants;
• Interior comfort of the inhabitants;
• Levels of ventilation.
Presented By: Ataulla Khan

14. Main advantages of simulation include:
o Study the behavior of a system without
building it.
o Results are accurate in general, compared to
analytical model.
o Help to find un-expected phenomenon,
behavior of the system.
o Easy to perform ``What-If'' analysis.
Main disadvantages of simulation include:
o Expensive to build a simulation model.
o Model building requires special training.
o Expensive to conduct simulation.
o Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the
simulation results.
Presented By: Ataulla Khan

15. Simulation ProcessPresented By: Pranav Arora

16. Basic concept of Sequential Simulation
Presented By: Pranav Arora

17. Softwares
EnergyPlus+OpenStudio+Trimble
Sketchup
Trane TRACE 700
Carrier HAP
IES VE
DesignBuilder
eQUEST/DOE-2.2
TRNSYS
AECOsim Energy Simulator(Bentley)
Autodesk Insight 360
Autodesk Revit
 IES VE
 Carrier Hap
 Energy-10
 Solar Shoebox
 System Advisor Model (SAM)
Presented By: Pranav Arora

18. Energy plus
EnergyPlus™ is a whole building energy simulation program that engineers,
architects, and researchers use to model both energy consumption—for heating,
cooling, ventilation, lighting and plug and process loads—and water use in
buildings. Some of the notable features and capabilities of EnergyPlus include:
1. Integrated, simultaneous solution
2. Heat balance-based solution
3. Sub-hourly, user-definable time steps
4. Combined heat and mass transfer
5. Advanced fenestration models
6. Illuminance and glare calculations
7. Component-based HVAC
8. A large number of built-in HVAC and lighting control strategies
9. Functional Mockup Interface
10.Standard summary and detailed output reports
It is Fully integrated building & HVAC simulation program
Based on best features of BLAST and DOE-2 plus new capabilities
Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP & Linux
Simulation engine only
Interfaces available from private software developers
Presented By: Pranav Arora

19. Criteria Descriptions
1. Software Proprietary Issue.
2. Software Cost.
3. Market Acceptance.
4. Preliminary Design Option.
5. Allow High-Level Specification.
6. Easy and Fast Modification Capability.
7. User-Friendly Interface.
8. Comprehensive and Up-to-Date Built-in Library.
9. Reasonability of Generated Results with High-Level Parameter Specification.
10. Built-in Baseline Model.
11. Interaction with Design Tools.
12. Automated Parametric Runs.
13. Capability of Transition into a Detailed Model.
14. Net Zero Energy Building Design.
15. Can Model High Performance Technologies without workarounds.
16. Long Term Simulation Engine Support.
17. Long Term Viability of Development Team.
18. Training Availability.
19. Update/Bug Fix Frequency.
20. Flexibility of Parametric Runs.
21. Extensible Capabilities.
22. Transparency.
23. Attractiveness to new modelers.
24. Significant Adopters.
Presented By: Pranav Arora

20. Criteria Descriptions
10. Built-in Baseline Model.
Auto-generate appropriate and certified baseline models for Oregon’s relevant energy code. To
avoid creating a second model for baseline and minimize human errors.
11. Interaction with Design Tools.
• Talk with the most commonly-used architectural/design tools, AutoCAD and Revit.
• Skip the extra step of drawing the footprints of the building from scratch.
12. Automated Parametric Runs.
The tool is capable of generating automatic parametric runs for each measure type.
13. Capability of Transition into a Detailed Model.
From schematic design mode to detailed mode towards the end of the design process.
Presented By: Kumar Avinash

21. Criteria Descriptions
14. Net Zero Energy Building Design.
Capability to estimate demand per load type and produce very reliable and accurate energy consumption estimates.
15. Can Model High Performance Technologies without workarounds.
Technologies like VFD, Chilled Beams, Radiant Heating/Cooling, etc. that are becoming more and more common in high
performance designs cannot be modeled by all simulation engines. When this is the case, either the technology cannot
be considered, or the user must have significant expertise to create workarounds to approximate the technology
16. Long Term Simulation Engine Support.
Simulation engine development is very costly and requires very specific expertise. When new technologies are created,
the cost and time required to update the simulation engine affects any Simulation Tools built on this engine.
17. Long Term Viability of Development Team.
People retire and change jobs. A product maintained by a small, aging, or undercapitalized team can be a risky
foundation to build on.
18. Training Availability.
New users typically need training on simulation tools.
19. Update/Bug Fix Frequency.
Software inevitably has issues. These issues can hamper users if they cannot be fixed quickly.
Presented By: Kumar Avinash

22. The following diagram depicts how other programs have already been linked to Energy Plus and a big
picture view of how future work can impact the program.
Presented By: Pranav Arora

23. Presented By: Pranav Arora

24. Model images of the building from Visual DOE
Presented By: Pranav Arora

25. Depending upon the simulation software tool of energy it is used, the following
aspects should be considered:
 Physical Phenomena: Hygrothermal behavior, artificial/natural illumination,
acous- tics, ventilation and air distribution;
 Energy Systems: Modeling energy in a building, heating and cooling, thermal
mass, cogeneration and renewable energy;
 HVAC Systems: Thermal loads and its forecast for optimizing control of
components and modeling systems, dynamic behavior and control systems,
environmental quality and energy consumption;
 Human Factors: Comfort, visual modeling and indoor air quality;
 Urban Simulation: Sunlight and shadow effects.
Presented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava

26. Steps to Perform in a Building Energy Simulation
Creation of a Building
• Structure of the building
• Detailed Surface Building
• Introduction of the Materials
Building Simulation
establish which variables
Analysis of Results
• any error or mismatch introduced in the variables set
• warnings in a final report
• Weather conditions
• type of building (office, housing, etc.)
• Indoor temperatures
• existing equipment
• Needs for heating and cooling;
• Consumption needs of HVAC systems;
• Natural lighting needs of the
occupants;
• Interior comfort of the inhabitants;
• Levels of ventilation.
Presented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava

27. Comparison of Energy Simulation Software tools
Table 1. Comparison of Features of Various Simulation Software tools [5].
! !
!
!
! ! !
Energy!
Plus!
ESP-r! IDA!ICE! IES! TRNSYS!
!!!!!!!!!!Simulation!Solution!
Simulation!of!loads,!systems!and!solutions!! X! X! X! X! X
Iterative!solution!of!nonlinear!systems! X! X! X! X! X
!!!!!!!!!!!Duration!of!Time!Calculation!
Variable!time!intervals!per!zone!for!interaction!of!the!HVAC!system! X! X! ! ! !
Simultaneous!selection!of!building!systems!and!user! ! X! X! X! X
Dynamic!variables!based!in!transient!solutions!! X! X! X! ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!Complete!Geometric!Description! !
Walls,!roofs!and!floors! X! X! X! X! X
Windows,!skylights,!doors!and!external!coatings! X! X! X! X! X
Polygons!with!many!faces! X! X! X! X!
Imports!of!building!from!CAD!programs! X! X! X! X! X
Export!Geometry!of!Buildings!for!CAD!software! X! X! X! ! !
Import!/!Export!of!simulation!models!of!programs! X! X! X! X!
Calculation!of!thermal!balance! X! X! X! X! X
Absorption!/!release!of!moisture!from!the!building!materials! X! ! X! X! X
Internal!thermal!mass! X! X! X! X! X
Human!thermal!comfort!! X! X! X! X! X
Solar!Analysis!! X! ! ! ! X!
Analysis!of!Isolation!! X! X! X! X! X
Advanced!fenestration! X! X! X! X! X
Calculations!of!the!building!in!general!! X! X! ! X! X
Surface!temperatures!of!zones! X! X! X! X! X
Airflow!through!the!windows!! X! X! ! X! XPresented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava

28. Airflow!through!the!windows!! X! X! ! X! X
Driving!surfaces! X! X! X! X! X
Heat!transfer!from!the!soil!! X! X! X! X! X
Thermophysical!variable! ! ! X! ! !
Daylighting!and!lighting!controls! X! X! X! X!
Infiltration!of!a!zone!! X! X! X! X! X
Automatic!calculation!of!coefficients!of!wind!pressure!! ! ! ! X!
Natural!Ventilation! X! X! X! ! X!
Natural!and!mechanical!ventilation! ! ! ! X! X
Control!open!of!!windows!for!natural!ventilation!! X! X! X! ! X!
Air!leaks!in!multiple!zones! X! X! X! ! X!
!!!!!!!!!!!Renewable!Energy!Systems!
Solar!Energy! X! X! ! X! X
Trombe!Wall! X! X! X! X! X
Photovoltaic!panels! X! X! ! X! X
Hydrogen!Systems! ! X! ! ! X!
Wind!Energy! ! X! ! ! X!
!!!!!!!!!!!Electrical!Systems!and!Equipment!
Energy!Production!through!R.E.! X! X! ! ! X!
Distribution!and!management!of!electric!power!loads! X! X! ! ! X!
Electricity!generators! X! ! ! ! X!
Network!connection! X! X! ! ! X!
!!!!!!!!!!!HVAC!Systems!
HVAC!idealized! X! X! X! X! X
Possible!configuration!of!HVAC!systems! X! X! X! X! X
Repetitions!cycle!air!! X! X! X! X! X
distribution!systems!! X! X! X! X! X
Modeling!CO2!! ! ! X! X! X
Each!distribution!of!air!per!area!! X! X! X! X! X
Forced!air!unit!per!zone!! X! X! X! X! X
Equipment!Unit!Presented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava

29. Daylighted area for windows
Total Daylighted Area for windows = 2H X (W+2mt)
Presented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava

30. I N F O S Y S ,
H y d e r a b a d
Presented By: Sudhanshu Srivastava