2. Welcome to the AMAZING Cell! Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. Did you know? That organisms, such as humans, are multicellular, or have many cells—an estimated 100,000,000,000,000 cells!
3. The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. The main parts of the cell include the nucleus, golgi apparatus, ribosome, lysosome, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
4. Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus: an organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell. “Packaging” and sorts new proteins for secretion.
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum“ER” Endoplasmic Reticulum: a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface
7. Smooth ER and Rough ER Smooth ER has no ribosomes. Rough ER has ribosomes.
8. Ribosomes Ribosome: a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.
9. Lysosome Lysosome: a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death. The “garbage man.”
10. Nucleus Nucleus: is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
14. Prophase Prophase: the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes.
15. Prometaphase Prometaphase: a stage sometimes distinguished between the prophase and metaphase of mitosis or meiosis and characterized by disappearance of the nuclear membrane and formation of the spindle.
16. Metaphase Metaphase: the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle.
17. Anaphase Anaphase: the stage in mitosis or meiosis following metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell.
18. Telophase Telophase: the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes.
19. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis: the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.
