1. BY
FITSUM R. LAKEW

2. • The semantic web is a web that is able to describe things in a
way that computers can understand.
• The semantic web is not about links between web pages.
• The semantic web describes the relationships between things
and the properties of things.
• The Semantic Web proposes to help computers "read" and use
the Web.
• The big idea is pretty simple -- metadata added to Web pages
can make the existing World Wide Web machine readable.

3. • Most of the web’s content today is designed for
humans to read, not for computer programs to
manipulate meaningfully.
• Computers have no reliable way to process the
semantics.
• The Semantic Web will bring structure to the
meaningful content of Web pages.
• The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an
extension of the current one.
• In semantic web information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling computers and people to
work in cooperation.

4. • For the semantic web to function, computers must
have access to structured collections of information.
• Computers must have sets of inference rules that
semantic web can use to conduct automated
reasoning.
• Traditional knowledge-representation systems
centralized.
• Challenge of semantic web to provide a language to:
*Expresses both data and rules.
*Rules to be exported onto the Web.

5. • Two machine – readable tools for semantic web.
1. eXtensible Markup language (XML)
*XML is a markup language like hypertext markup
language (HTML).
*XML complements (but does not replace) HTML by
adding tags that describe data.
*These tags are invisible to the people who read the
document but visible to computers.
*Tags are already in use on the Web, and existing
bots.
*bots that collect data for search engine, can read
them.

6. 2. Resource Description Framework (RDF)
*The RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a language for describing
information and resources on the web.
*Putting information into RDF files, makes it possible for computer programs
("web spiders")
*To search, discover, pick up, collect, analyze and process information
from the web.
*The Semantic Web uses RDF to describe web resources.
 RDF uses triples consist of a subject, property and object. Like the subject,
verb and direct object of a sentence.
 In RDF, a document makes assertions that particular things .
 Subject and object are each identified by a Universal Resource Identifier (URI),
just as used in a link on a Web page.
 The verbs are also identified by URIs.
 The Semantic Web will enable machines to COMPREHEND semantic
documents and data, not human speech and writings.

7. • Ontology is a document or file that formally
defines the relations among terms.
• The most typical kind of ontology for the Web has
a taxonomy and a set of inference rules.
• The taxonomy defines classes of objects and
relations among them.
• The meaning of terms or XML codes used on a
Web page can be defined by pointers from the
page to an ontology.
• Ontologies can enhance the functioning of the
Web in many ways.

8. • Semantic web gives advantage to enter personal preferences
into a computerized agent.
• An important facet of agents' functioning is the exchange of
"proofs" written in the Semantic Web's unifying language.
• Agents can use digital signatures to verify that the attached
information has been provided by a specific trusted source.
• The Semantic Web is more flexible, the consumer and producer
agents can reach a shared understanding by exchanging
ontologies.
• Semantic descriptions of device capabilities and functionality will
let us achieve such automation with minimal human intervention.
 Properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of
human knowledge as a whole.

9. • If properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of
human knowledge as a whole.
• Human endeavor is caught in an eternal tension between the
effectiveness of small groups acting independently and the need to
mesh with the wider community.
• A small group can innovate rapidly and efficiently, but this produces a
subculture whose concepts are not understood by others.
• The Semantic Web, in naming every concept simply by a URI, lets
anyone express new concepts that they invent with minimal effort.
• Its unifying logical language will enable these concepts to be
progressively linked into a universal Web.
• This structure will open up the knowledge and workings of humankind
to meaningful analysis by software agents, providing a new class of
tools by which we can live, work and learn together.

10. • If properly designed, the Semantic Web can assist the evolution of
human knowledge as a whole.
• Human endeavor is caught in an eternal tension between the
effectiveness of small groups acting independently and the need to
mesh with the wider community.
• A small group can innovate rapidly and efficiently, but this produces a
subculture whose concepts are not understood by others.
• The Semantic Web, in naming every concept simply by a URI, lets
anyone express new concepts that they invent with minimal effort.
• Its unifying logical language will enable these concepts to be
progressively linked into a universal Web.
• This structure will open up the knowledge and workings of humankind
to meaningful analysis by software agents, providing a new class of
tools by which we can live, work and learn together.