separation of east pakistan

2. 1. Fraz Majeed 082
2. Ahsan Iqbal 056
3. Syed Ali Yazdan 089
GROUP NO # 3

3. SEPERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN
1. Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of
output failure arising out of dissension and conflict among East
and West Pakistan.
2. Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the
separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence
of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the
separation of East Pakistan.

4. 1. Hindu Influence
2. Failure of Muslim League leadership in East Pakistan
3. Unity of Bengali Muslims and Hindus
4. The Delay in Constitution Making Process
5. Presidential Form of Government
6. Six Point Formula of Sh. Mujeeb
7. Presidential Form of Government
8.Role of International Community
9. The War of Power Between Bhutto and Mujeeb
SERERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN

5. HINDU INFLUENCE
• The 14% Hindu population had full control over the economy of
East Pakistan.
• They were better educated than the native Bengali Muslims. They
owned press and mass media.
• At First, the Hindus were the members of the Indian National
Congress but after partition they founded their own organization,
Pakistan National Congress (PAC).
• The members of PAC were, in fact, the political agents ofIndia in
East Pakistan.

6. FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE LEADERSHIP IN EAST PAKISTAN
• The Cabinet did not pay due attention towards the problems of the
people, hence its capability became zero in the eyes of people.
• The selfish politicians fought among themselves for the lust of chair.
The principal leaders and groups representing East Bengal in the Muslim
League came from upper-class, land-owning, Urdu speaking families
of Dhaka or the mercantile group of Calcutta.
• Soon after the creation of Pakistan, the conflict between those who
claimed to represent popular and more radical factors in Bengal and
those more conservative elements, began

7. UNITY OF BENGALI MUSLIMS AND HINDUS
• To establish majority on Pak-legislature,
they had to unite with their fellow Bengali
Hindus.
• Therefore, the man like H.S. Sehrwardy was
a consistent advocate of joint electorates

8. THE DELAY IN CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS
• The delay in Constitution making process gave rise to
suspicions and misunderstandings between the people of
two halves.
• The population of East Pakistan was 56%. The Bengalis
demanded their representation according to the
percentage of population in the national assembly.

9. 6 POINTS FORMULA OF SH. MUJEEB
• The government should be federal and parliamentary in
nature as it was discussed in Lahore Resolution, its
members to be elected with legislative representation on
the basis of population.
• The federal government shall be responsible for only
foreign affairs and defense.
• There shall be two separate currencies mutually or freely
convertible in each wing for each region.

10. CONTI………
• The power of implementation & collection of taxes
would lie with the provinces. The F.G ‘will be given
enough shares to fulfill its tasks of foreign and defense.
• There would be Separate accounts of foreign exchange
earnings for each of the federating units.
• The East Pakistan would be given the authority to have
a paramilitary force to contribute towards national
security.

11. PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT
• A parliamentary system could have at least partially offset West
Pakistan dominance in the civil and military services.
• Again the same mistake was made.
• Instead of opting for loose Confederate Form of Government,
the power elite decided in favour of highly centralized
presidential system.
• The opposition from East Pakistan was intense and un-
equivocal for progressive increase in the amount of autonomy.

12. ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
• Both, Soviet Union and America were in favor of the
disintegration of Pakistan.
• Soviet Union openly supported India’s attack on East
Pakistan.
• Whereas, America did not fulfill her promise to support
Pakistan.

13. THE WAR OF POWER BETWEEN BHUTTO AND MUJEEB
• The Awami League, by virtue of its over-whelming
majority in election, was entitled to establish its
government, but Mr. Z.A.
• Bhutto having the patronage from General Yahya
Khan boycotted the session of National Assembly
at Dhaka, which was postponed by General Yahya
Khan.
• Mr. Mujeeb-ur-Rehman alleged Yahya Khan with
partiality and began to agitate the people for civil war

14. CONCLUSIONS:
• Minor misunderstandings between East & West
Pakistan led to the major conflicts.
• Thad had brought an end to the united Pakistan and
Pakistan was disintegrated.