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- 1. The Health Of Our Australian Youths Ellen Vine 11538892 Wagga Wagga Campus
- 2. • In 1998, 14% of Australian youths aged 4 to 17 had a clinically significant mental health problem. • Mental health illnesses can include but is not limited to, clinical depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder. Pattern • Mental health can be caused or influenced by many different triggers. • Problems can include; socioeconomic status, different life crisis, their social standing and hereditary. Cause • Mental health issues or difficulties affect approximately 14 per cent of Australian children at any one time. • Mental health illnesses in children can become on going and can even interfere with how they live their lives. Effect Mental health is a broad term that encompasses ones overall health.
- 3. • 10% of Australia’s population have asthma. • Within the age group of 0-14 years, boys are more likely to have asthma than girls are. Pattern • Asthma seems to be more prevalent in children whose parents have asthma, eczema or hay fever. • Since before 2009, the mortality rate from asthma has decreased 45%, but there were still 411 deaths in 2009 . Cause • Asthma can cause a person to cough, wheeze, and have shortness of breath, and breathing problems during exercise or work. • In serious cases asthma can also cause death. Effect Asthma is a condition that occurs when the airways leading to the lungs are sensitive.
- 4. • Overweight and obesity is responsible for 5% of global mortality. • In 2011 and 2012, in a survey conducted on children aged five to fourteen, 19% were overweight and 7% were classed as being obese. Pattern • Lack of daily moderate to intense physical activity. • Imbalance of dietary requirements. Cause • Children who are overweight or obese can become the subject to major bullying and peer problems during school. • The long term affects can be catastrophic and include cardiovascular diseases, depression, early signs or arthritis and can also go as far as death Effect
- 5. Benefits Leadership Qualities Communication Skills Positive Interpersonal Relationships Friendships Resilience Mental Coping Strategies Sense of Belonging Fundamental Life Skills Mental Health
- 6. Reduces: • Stroke • Diabetes • Depression • Hypertension Improves: • Bone and function development • Maintain a healthy body weight • Muscular systems Children aged between five to seventeen years should be participating in at least sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily. AND MANY MORE!
- 7. There are many different strategies that schools are able to adopt in order to create a healthy environment for their students. They can include, • Education • Crunch and Sip • Fitness • PE Practical • Resources • Healthy Eating Programs
- 8. Conducting development opportunities for professionals to come in and talk to teachers and parents, will give children the best opportunities to learn about healthy lifestyle choices.
- 9. The importance of children participating in physical activity has Been highlighted through out this power point. There are many strategies that schools can adopt to promote physical activity including; • Sports Carnivals • Representative Sports • Walk-a-thons • Aus Kick • PE Practical on carnival preparation
- 10. It is vital that Australia works together to educate and encourage our youths to live healthy and happy lives through there dietary decisions and physical activity.
- 11. Asthma Australia. (n.d.). Causes. Retrieved from http://www.asthmaaustralia.org.au/Causes.aspx Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing. (2004). Healthy and active school communities. Retireved from http://www.healthyactive.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/ Content/schoolcommu_resourcekit.pdf/$File/schoolcommu_resourcekit.pdf Australian Government,Australian Institute of Health andWelfare. (2011). Asthma. Extracted from Asthma in Australia 2011. Retrieved from http://aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10737421255 Australian Institute of Health andWelfare [AIHW]. (2014). Australia’s health 2014. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129548 150 Bhugra, D.,Till, A., & Sartorius, N. (2013). What is mental health? International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(1). DOI: 10.1177/0020764012463315. Retrieved from http:// isp.sagepub.com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/content/59/1/3 Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Protection. (2011). Start active, stay active (a report on physical activity for health from the four home countries’ chief medical officers). Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/216370/dh_128210.pdf Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. (2014). 37-41. England: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/doi/pdf/10.1080/07303084.2014.958033 Kids Matter, Australian Primary Schools Mental Health Initiative. (2013). How mental health difficulties affect children. Retrieved from https://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/sites/default/files/public/KMP_C4_CMH D_HowMentalHealthDifficultiesAffectChildren.pdf Ruskin, R., Proctor, K., & Neeves, D. (2013) Outcomes 2: Personal Development, Health and Physical Education HSC Course. (5th ed.). Brisbane: Jacaranda. St Leger, L.,Young, I., Blanchard, C., & Perry, M. (n.d.). Promoting health in schools, from evidence to action. Retrieved from http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/117385/PHiSF romEvidenceToAction_WEB1.pdf World Health Organization. (2015). Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/
- 12. Pictures Department of Health. (n.d.). Picture retrieved from http://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Healthy-WA/Articles/U_Z/Wheezing-in- children Empire Careers. (2014). Picture retrieved from http://empirecareers.com.au/mental-health-a-big-issue-in-our-workplace/ News Bureau (University of Missouri). (2009). Picture received from http://munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2009/0701-gable- overweigh- kids.php Mums Lounge. (2014). Picture retrieved from http://www.mumslounge.com.au/lifestyle/health/childs-play-how- much-exercise- is-enough-for-kids/ SEO Shark. (n.d.). Pictured received from https://www.seoshark.com.au/strategies-that-work/ The School District of Elmwood. (n.d.). Picture retrieved from http://www.elmwood.k12.wi.us/community/ Wellness. (2015). Picture received from http://homeswp.com/welldan/explaining-physical-activity/
Notas do Editor
- The health of our Australian youths is at the forefront of everyone’s minds. Parents, care givers, family members, society, schools and the government have practices and policies in place to ensure that the health and development of our young Australians is managed to a high standard. This PowerPoint presentation will take you through the different health issues that our youths are facing, including mental health, asthma, and obesity and the patterns, causes and affects of these issues. We will then investigate how physical activity and the role that schools can play to help improve children’s health.
- Mental Health Patterns Mental health is a broad term that encompasses ones overall health (Bhugra, Till & Sartorius, 2012). This involves a state of balance within ones self and the environment around them, absence of disease, a balance of relationships and other social responsibilities (Bhugra, Till & Sartorius, 2012). But, there are many mental health problems and illnesses of different severities that are affecting children within today’s society. In a survey conducted in 1998, 14% of Australian youths aged 4 to 17 had a clinically significant mental health problem (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, [AIHW], 2014). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression are the more common mental illnesses found in young children (Kids Matter, Australian Primary Schools Mental Health Initiative [Kids Matter], 2013). Mental health illnesses in children are becoming more common and are a huge problem that they are taking with them into adulthood (Ruskin, Proctor & Neeves, 2013). Causes Mental health can be caused or influenced by many different triggers. But it appears that our Australian youths are coming under more stress that is initiated by problems that they have no control of (Ruskin et al, 2013). These problems can include; socioeconomic status, different life crisis, family issues, their social standing, stress, and mental health illnesses can also be hereditary (Ruskin et al, 2013). It is the child’s ability to cope with and manage the stress that determines their state of mental health (Ruskin et al, 2013). Effects Mental health issues or difficulties affect approximately 14 per cent of Australian children at any one time (Kids Matter, 2013). Mental health illnesses in children can become on going and can affect their family relationships and even interfere with how they live their lives (Kids Matter, 2013). The negative effects can include; nervous or anxious temperament, impulsive or reactive behaviour, withdrawn behaviour, peer relationship difficulties and pessimistic thinking (Kids Matter, 2013). These difficulties can affect a child’s schooling experience, academic success, social interactions, as well as their home life and other life areas.
- Asthma Patterns Asthma is a condition that occurs when the airways leading to the lungs are sensitive (Asthma Australia, n.d.). The airways are easily irritated by triggers, which make it hard for people to breath and causes their asthma to flare up (Asthma Australia, n.d.). 10% of Australia’s population have asthma (Asthma Australia, n.d.). A child can have either intermittent asthma, which doesn’t show symptoms constantly, or persistent asthma is when a child has frequent symptoms and asthma attacks (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Less than 5% of Australian children with asthma have persistent asthma (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Within the age group of 0 to 14 years, boys are more likely to have asthma than girls are (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Causes There are many different reasons why a child can have or develop asthma. Asthma seems to be more prevalent in children whose parents have asthma, eczema or hay fever (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Parents that expose their children to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and after create a high-risk situation for their children (Asthma Australia, n.d.). This is especially a concern for Aboriginal people as asthma is the second most common self reported illness for them (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Asthma can also be associated with obesity and dietary habits, as well as environmental factors (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Children aged 0 to 4 years are admitted to hospital at a higher rate than the rest of the population, usually occurring in around February, although adults are more likely to stay in hospital longer than children are (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Effects Asthma can cause a person to cough, wheeze, and have shortness of breath, and breathing problems during exercise or work. Asthma can affect ones quality of life through restricting sport or exercise participation and having to have time off from work or school. In serious cases asthma can also cause death. Since before 2009, the mortality rate from asthma has decreased by 45%, but there were still 411 deaths in 2009 (Australian Government, 2011). Asthma is often difficult to diagnose in children due to the many reasons why they can cough and wheeze (Asthma Australia, n.d.). Once asthma has been diagnosed, an appropriate plan and understanding of each persons particular triggers steps can be put in place to ensure a high quality of life.
- Overweight and Obesity Patterns ‘Overweight and obesity is responsible for 5% of global mortality’ (Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Protection, 2011). In 2011 and 2012, a survey conducted on children aged 5 to 14 found that 19% were overweight and 7% were classed as being obese (AIHW, 2014). This survey highlighted that there was no significant difference between boys and girls (AIHW, 2014). Generally a child within the age range of around 4 to 5 can reverse the affects of being overweight or obese, where as older children have a higher risk of continuing to be over weight or obese into adulthood. Children living in a low socioeconomic status areas are more likely to be overweight or obese compared to children of high socioeconomic status (AIHW, 2014). The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, highlight that although there has not been much change statistically over the last 17 years in regards to the rate of child obesity, the concern stems from the high constant levels of obese children (2014). Causes There is an abundant amount of reasons why a child can become overweight or obese. The general reasons appear to be; lack of daily moderate to intense physical activity, over eating portion sizes, imbalance of diet in the five food groups, ease of fast food options, busy house hold, and ease and reliance on car or transport travel. Effects Socially, children who are overweight or obese can become the subject to major bullying and peer problems during school. There are many short term and long term affects for children that become over weight or obese. The short term problems can include, lack of exercise due to difficultness and intolerance to lack of breath, and can then further to affect their sleeping patterns and can be the start of the major long term affects (AIHW, 2014). The long term affects can be catastrophic and include cardiovascular diseases, depression, early signs or arthritis and can also go as far as death (AIHW, 2014). In 2008, the obesity crisis in Australia cost around $58 billion (AIHW, 2014). Ones obesity extends from the individual and affects the whole community as well.
- The Benefits of Physical Activity Children love to play, move, dance, run around outside and investigate the world. At the present, there seems to be an imbalance as some children are getting more screen time than physical playtime, which is affecting the health of Australian youths. But we must give children the opportunity to experience different sports and exercise to improve their health. Different experiences in physical activity provide children with the opportunity to develop and practice social skills creating a sense of belonging (Ruskin et al, 2013). Physical activity at a young age allows children to develop leadership qualities, communication skills, positive interpersonal relationships, friendships, resilience and mental coping strategies and other fundamental life skills (Ruskin et al, 2013). These are all skills that children must develop and through the use of physical activity, they can come naturally or with guidance.
- The Benefits of Physical Activity Children aged between 5 and 17 years should be participating in ‘at least sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily’ (World Health Organization, 2015). You may think, wow that is a lot! But children must be active to ensure their growing minds and bodies are developing in a healthy way. Regular sport and exercise has many physical benefits including; reduced risk of stroke, diabetes, depression, hypertension, improved bone and functional health, and can help maintain a healthy body weight (World Health Organization, 2015), as well as improvement of muscular systems (Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Protection, 2011). Different types of training such as aerobic training which is ‘alternating sessions of work and recovery’ (Ruskin et al, 2013), anaerobic training which a high intensity work with little recovery (Ruskin et al, 2013), flexibility training which focuses on injury prevention, muscular relaxation and increasing the range of movement (Ruskin et al, 2013) and strength training focusing on the developmental of different muscle groups, are all training techniques used during physical activity to improve different parts of the body and a child’s overall health.
- The Role of Schools The role of schools is to provide children with a safe and inclusive environment where the community becomes involved and the students can be educated in the importance of healthy living and participate in many different physical activity experiences. Strategies There are many different strategies that schools are able to adopt in order to create a healthy environment for their students. They can include, Education- The role of the school is to provide children with an environment that is inclusive and fair for all children. Rather than teaching students about topics to do with health, children should be involved in a holistic approach to creating a healthy environment for their school (Leger, Young, Blanchard & Perry, n.d.). Knowledge of health education can be developed through such programs as involving the students in a healthy eating program at school, where they create the school canteen menu together with the assistance of the teacher (Leger, Young, Blanchard & Perry, n.d.). By creating innovative teaching programs children can be educated through a holistic approach that involves them developing their own understanding and knowledge assisted by the direction of the teacher (Leger, Young, Blanchard & Perry, n.d.). Crunch and Sip- Crunch and sip in the morning during class time, provides students with the opportunity to eat a piece of fruit and have a drink of water, refuelling their bodies and encouraging healthy eating habits, which is a vital message that needs to be relayed to children. Fitness- In the morning before class begins, the students go out into the playground with their teacher and participate in different activities such as relays, which focus on fundamental movement skills as well as developing communication and other techniques. This is providing students with 15 minutes of moderate exercise per day. PE Practical- Each week students should be required to participate in classroom PE practical classes for forty-five minutes to an hour. This time can be used to develop skills and broaden children’s physical abilities whilst proving them with their daily requirement of moderate to vigorous activity (World Health Organization, 2015). Resources- Children must have access to resources such as footballs and basketballs, before school and during break times. This will promote children to exercise and play and especially within a group context. Healthy Eating Programs- Schools needs to adopt a healthy eating policy that is seen within the canteen and apart of the curriculum to help educate students about healthy living (Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing, 2004). These strategies are simple ways that schools can promote a healthy school environment. Education already occurs within a school, programs like crunch and sip and the healthy eating programs are easily implemented through the schools P&C or in correlation with parents. During Fitness and PE practical, teachers can become role models for engagement and encouragement in physical activity.
- The Role of Schools The Community It is highly important that a healthy school involves the community in their learning environment. A healthy school environment needs to involve students, parents and the community in the decisions that revolve around the children’s health. Conducting development opportunities for professionals to come in and talk to teachers and parents, will give children the best opportunities to learn about healthy lifestyle choices from their knowledgeable parents or teachers (Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing, 2004).
- The Role of Schools Physical Activity Throughout this PowerPoint we have seen the benefits of what physical activity can do for children. Here are some strategies that schools can implement to get children active, - Schools must provide children with the opportunity to participate in physical activity and sport, before school and during break times. When children participate and enjoy sport, this is an encouragement for them to become more active. - Providing children with the opportunity to represent their school in chosen sports, such as basketball, football and gymnastics is a great way to further their sporting development as well as level of daily physical activity that is required. - Walk-a-thons are a valuable school program that gets everyone involved in walking a track and can even be used as a opportunity to raise money. - Aus kick and similar programs can involve all students or target specific children for advanced programs in AFL. Encouraging children to participate in each of the carnivals, swimming, athletics and cross country allow them to develop new skills that they may not receive otherwise. The practice of athletics skills could be apart of PE practical during class time to develop children’s abilities in activities such as long jump and shot put, before they are required to perform in the events at the carnival. Physical activity within schools is vital to ensure children are educated about the health benefits, learning life long skills such as fundamental movement skills and developing social, emotional, fine motor and gross motor skills. We must use a child’s primary school years to promote life long healthy eating and physical activity participation in hope that they will carry it into adulthood (Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 2014).
- It is vital that Australia works together to educate and encourage our youths to live healthy and happy lives through there dietary decisions and physical activity.