This document summarizes key aspects of plant biology. It describes that plants have roots, stems, and leaves, and that their roots absorb water and minerals from soil. It explains that plants perform photosynthesis in their leaves to produce food from water, minerals from the soil, carbon dioxide from air, and energy from sunlight. The document also provides an overview of plant reproduction, including the parts of flowers and how pollen fertilizes pistils to produce fruits and seeds.

2. • Plants are living things.
• They begin life, grow and die.
• They make their own food.
• They reproduce.
• They are sensitive to light.

3. All plants have roots, a stem and leaves.
The roots of a plant grow underground.
They hold the plant in the ground. A
plant receives water and minerals
through its roots.
The stem of a plant grows above
ground. Some stems are hard. Other
stems are soft.
– Trees and shrubs have hard, wood stems
called trunks. These stems have branches.
– Grasses have soft, flexible stems.
 Leaves grow from stems or branches.
Many leaves are green, There are
different types of leaves.

4. WIDE-FLAT POINTED LEAF LOBED LEAF

6. NUTRITION IN PLANTS
• Plants make their own food in their leaves. This process is
called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
• They use water and minerals from the soil. They need air and
sunlight.
PLANTS MAKE FOOD IN THEIR
LEAVES FROM WATER AND
MINERALS. THEY USE
SUNLIGHT AND SUBSTANCES
IN THE AIR.
ROOTS ABSORB WATER AND
MINERALS FROM THE SOIL.
THE WATER AND MINERALS
GO TO THE STEM , AND THEN
TO THE LEAVES.

7. THE PARTS OF A FLOWER
Many plants have flowers. Flowers contain the
plant’s organ reproduction.
The calyx is a group of small green leaves called
sepals. It protects the flower.
The corolla is a group of coloured petals.
The stamens are the male reproductive organs
The stamens make pollen.
The pistil is the female reproductive organ. It
has ovules inside.

9. HOW PLANTS REPRODUCE
Pollen enters the pistil, and the flower changes.
Its petals fall. The pistil becomes a fruit. It has
seeds inside.
The fruit falls to the ground. Its seeds grow into a
new plant in the soil.
Some plants, like potatoes, can grow from
cuttings. These are parts of the stem or root.