Autonomous Systems Program

Austrade - Autonomous Systems
Elliot Duff – Research Director

CSIRO - Snapshot
62%of our people hold university
degrees
2000 doctorates
500 masters
CSIRO undertakes $~500M
of externally funded R&D each
year
Top 1% of global research institutions in 14 of 22
research fields
Top 0.1%in 4 research fields
Highest number of citations per scientist in
Australia
Darwin
Alice Springs
Bakers Hill
Atherton
Townsville
2 sites
Rockhampton
Toowoomba
Gatton
Myall
ValeNarrabri
Mopra
Parkes
Griffith
Belmont
Geelong
Hobart
Sandy Bay
Werribee
Wodonga
Newcastle
Armidale
2 sites
Perth
3 sites
Adelaide
2 sites
Brisbane
6 sites
Sydney 5 sites
Canberra 7 sites
People = 5000+
Locations = 57
Budget = $1B+
Murchison
Cairns
Melbourne 6 sites
Infra = $3.5bn
Patents = 3000+
Partners = 1300+

Our track record: top inventions
4. EXTENDED
WEAR CONTACTS
2. POLYMER
BANKNOTES
3. RELENZA
FLU TREATMENT
1. FAST WLAN
Wireless Local
Area Network
5. AEROGARD 6. TOTAL
WELLBEING DIET
7. RAFT
POLYMERISATION
8. BARLEYMAX 9. SELF TWISTING
YARN
10. SOFTLY
WASHING LIQUID

China Australia Alliance for
New Energy Vehicle
Innovation
Global connections: impact partnerships
80+
countries

Future
Foresights
Mega-Trends
Challenges
Opportunities
Agility
Disruptive
technology

We are in the world’s Top
10 institutions for
2 research fields.
We are the only Aussie R&D
organisation in the world’s
Top 10.
We have 14 research fields
in the top 1% of global
research organisations.
CSIRO global positioning
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
NO.OFINSTITUTIONS
NO. OF FIELDS IN TOP 10 GLOBALLY
CSIRO
CNRS
Cornell
Georgia Inst
Tech
INRA
NASA
Nat U
Singapore
NCI
NIAID
Princeton
U Toronto
USEPA
USGS
U Illinois
U Tokyo
USDA
Wageningen
U
Columbia
UC San
Diego
U Michigan
U Wisconsin
Yale U Penns
UCSF
Johns Hopkins
UCLA
MIT
U
Washington
Chinese Acad
Sci
UC
Berkeley
Harvar
d
Max
Planck
Standford
CSIC
U Carolina
UC Davis
Oxford
Based on total citations. Source: Thomson-Reuters/ISI Essential Science
Indicators

World-class science and
technology
CSIRO - the roles we play
Trusted advisor
to government
Leveraging Australia’s
Innovation System
Innovation supporting the
creation of new businesses
Helping existing companies
transition to the future
1 2 3 4 5

What we do
8 |
Our Mission
We deliver innovative solutions for industry,
society and the environment through great
science.
Our Vision
Our science is used to make a profound and
positive impact for the future of Australia and
humanity.
Image industry
Image environment

What differentiates CSIRO?
10 |
We provide
scientific
responses to
major national
and global
challenges
We take a
collaborative
approach to
scientific
research and
delivery
Our research
Flagships
promote radical
innovation to
reshape
industries
Large scale Mission directedMultidisciplinary

The Boeing example
22 year partnership
Grown from research supplier through research collaborator to strategic research
partner. Longevity of partnership means senior management from both partners
have previously been involved in Alliance projects.
Tiered Governance
I. Relationship Management by a joint high level Steering Committee.
II. Account Management by CSIRO Senior Technical Advisor within Boeing.
III. Project Management reps from each organisation on each project.
Award winning partnership
10 May 2011 – CSIRO awarded Boeing Supplier of the
Year & Leader’s Choice Award for Academia, 2010. One
of 16 awards selected from 17500 global suppliers.
12 October 2011 – Topcoat Reactivation team consisting
of CSIRO and Boeing team members received a CSIRO
Research Achievement Medal (innovative, commercially
viable technology for aircraft coatings now on ~1000
aircraft).

Motivation
Productivity isn’t everything, but in the long run it is almost everything
Paul Krugman, 1991
Professor Princeton University,
Nobel Prize in Economics 2008
The digital economy is the global network of economic and social
activities that are enabled by platforms such as the internet, mobile
and sensor networks.
Australia's Digital Economy: Future Directions.

Threat posed by Australia’s declining productivity
Productivity is the prime determinant in the long run of a nation’s
standard of living, for it is the root cause of per capita national income
Michael Porter, 1991, The Competitive Advantage of Nations
According to the Grattan Institute report Australia’s Productivity Challenge, Australia’s economic
prospects beyond the end of the current ‘resources boom’ will deteriorate significantly (as they did in the
1970s and 1980s) if the decline in our productivity growth performance is not reversed.

Designing for Data
Generation & Capture
Data Generation,
Communications
& Capture
Integration of
Data & Modelling
Implementation
Monitoring & evaluation
Storage, Discovery,
Communications, Access
Decision Making
Under Uncertainty
Gaining Insights & Understanding
Information &
Decision Making
Value Chain

Creating Impact through Partnerships

DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY FLAGSHIP
Autonomous Systems Program

Vision: A world in which humans and autonomous systems are
able to seamlessly, reliably and safely collaborate.
45
40
15

Robot navigation
Dynamic, difficult environments

Remote Collaboration
Robots, vision and broadband

Pervasive Computing
Platform technology

Zebedee
Mobile and handheld 3D mapping
Revolutionizes the way 3D mapping can be achieved by cutting
acquisition time from hours and days to minutes
Uses a technique from robotics known as Simultaneous
Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) and a simple spring mechanism
Fort Lytton
(Brisbane)

CSIRO Collaboration Platform
Real-time interaction and collaboration between people,
information and instruments
Commercialised in Aug 2013 with an Australian SME – Corporate
Initiatives
Installed and in use around 9 sites around Australia, including
CSIRO sites, Queensland DAFF and Federal Dept of Agriculture

Sense-T Architecture
Sensor Networks and Spatial Data Management for Sense-T R&D
Provide Sensor Network Data Management
infrastructure for Sense-T R&D Program
Strategic Sensor Network Architecture Development.
Mobile Sensing Middleware

Metadata and Interoperability
Cognitive Computing
Facilitate discovery and reuse of sensor data through metadata
management and community-based data curation
Uses Semantic Web technologies and workflow systems to
annotate data and automate spatial-temporal modeling
Team ‘hero image’ here

Metadata and Interoperability
Cognitive Computing
Semantic analytics of graph data to better understand complex
processes and systems
Used to analyze workflow provenance traces to discover patterns
and compare similarities among various process interactions

Pervasive Computing Team
Sensor Systems
Realizing pervasive computing through small, inexpensive,
networked sensing devices embedded in our environments
Our capabilities span development and deployment of distributed
systems, information processing, and machine learning
Real-time Sensing
Control
Comfort Sense
PC Application
Advanced(
HVAC((
Control(
Savings,(
Efficiency(
Thermal(
Comfort(
HVAC(Zone(
Occupancy(
Temperature,
PIR, Light,
Appliances
User
Behavior
Personal
Climate Dome
CS Surveys
Processing

Engineering Team
Robotics Group
Designs and delivers the underpinning electrical, electronic,
mechanical and computer systems
Multi-skilled engineers who can design and create almost anything!

AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS PROGRAM
Robotics Group

From Perception to Action, From Near to Far, From Large to Small
Robots going to places and doing tasks that are dangerous,
challenging, exhausting or boring for humans
Robots augmenting the capabilities and productivity of humans
Humans and robots working collaboratively and safely

Ground, Aerial and Aquatic Robots
Planning and control algorithms for mobile robots, including
ground, aerial, surface and underwater.
Experience spans from low-level control to high-level planning and
decision making for increased robot autonomy.

Robotics Domains
Real-timePerception
Human
Interaction
Industrial
•Welding Arms
•Conveyors
Military
•Drones
•Inspection
Resources
•Mining / Agriculture / Oil & Gas
•Haulage
Infrastructure
•Transport
•Logistics / Warehousing
Service
•Medical
•Household
Outdoor (Field Robotics)
Real-time Perception of Dynamic
Unstructured Environments
Indoor (Agile Robotics)
Real-time Perception of Dynamic
Unstructured Environments

Convergingtrendsleadingto
UbiquitousRobotics
Field
Robotics
Dependability
Robustness
Military/mining
Sensing
in dynamic
unstructured
environments
Collective
intelligence
Cloud Services
Big data
Internetofthings
Cheap sensor,
processors
and actuation
Consumer
Devices
Immersive
interfaces
Gaming
AdditiveManufacturing
Mobile Devices
Ubiquitous
connectivity
Locationbasedservice
Intuitive
interfaces
Mobile
Tele-presence
Lightweight
Robotics
Mirror
Worlding
Social
Networking
HMI
(Human-machine
interfaces)
ICT
(Information and
communication
technologies)
Perception
Robotics Ubiquitous
Robots

Significant Developments - Software
1. ROS – open source Robot Operating Systems
2. OpenCV – Open Source Computer Vision Libary
3. PLC – Open Source Point Cloud Library

Significant Developments - Hardware
1. Range Sensors (LIDAR & Structured Light)
2. Embedded Processing and Communications

Significant Developments - Challenges
1. DARPA – Grand Challenge
2. DARPA – Robotics Challenge

Unmanned Autonomous
Robotic Definitions

Autonomy is a Spectrum
Mixed-RealityTele-Robotic
Robot
Tele-Operation
Machine
Autonomy
Shared
Autonomy
Autonomy
Manual
User
Interface
Intelligent
Behavior
Extent of
Knowledge
Communications
Latency
Global
LocalReactive
Proactive
Augmented
Reality
Augmented
Virtuality
Supervisory
Assistive
Real
Virtual

Automation Does Not Mean Autonomy
Digging
Swing
Dump
Walk
Maintenance
Integration
Autonomous
Manual
DigAssist
DigToPlan

System of Systems (SoS) A person can be part of
an Autonomous System of Systems

Potential Solutions to Autonomous Systems

Autonomous Aquatic Vehicles

Starbug - AUV
Stereo cameras
Batteries
Payload section
Main thrusters
Flat thrusters
Specifications
Mass: 26 kg+
Length: 1.2 m+
Endurance:
3 – 5 hours
19 – 36 hours
Range
4 – 7 km
35 – 55 km
Max depth: 100 m

Starbug: Autonomous Underwater Surveys
Dunbabin, M., Usher K. and Corke, P. (2005). Visual motion estimation for an autonomous underwater reef monitoring robot. In
The 5th International Conference on Field & Service Robotics (FSR) 2005, Port Douglas Australia. pp.57-68.

Automated marine pest population monitoring
Smith, D., and Dunbabin, M. (2007). Automated counting of the Northern Pacific Sea Star in the Derwent using shape
recognition. In Proc. Digital Image Computing Techniques & Applications (DICTA07), pp. 500-507, Adelaide
Clement, R., Dunbabin, M., and Wyeth, G. (2005). Toward robost image detection of Crown-of- Thorns Starfish for
autonomous population monitoring. In Proc. Australiasian Conference on Robotics & Automation (ACRA), Sydney.
• Algorithms for automated classification of
• Northern Pacific Sea Star (Asterias amurenis)
• Crown-of-thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci)

Autonomous Aerial Vehicle

Autonomous Systems Program | Not for Distribution: for Internal CSIRO/Chevron discussions only

Autonomous Flight – No human intervention

(Resilient Queensland)
2 year, AUD 7M joint project with QUT, BR&TA, Insitu Pacific and the
QLD state government
CSIRO led the Biosecurity Stream
– Autonomous rotorcraft surveys for Miconia weed eradication
– Replace manned helicopter flights to identify miconia growing in rainforest
environments.
– Develop a TRL 6 solution

Low-Altitude Autonomous Survey
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
Autonomous (pilotless) unmanned helicopter
Enables high spatial resolution mapping and safe low-altitude
surveys in difficult terrain beyond visual range
Miconia causing
landslides in Tahiti
(Photo: Peter Thomas)

Autonomous Ground Vehicle

Seeker Field Survey Rover
Science payload includes:
• Downwelling and upwelling
hyperspectral point imagers
• Hyperspectral line imager
• Scanning lidar
• RGB imager
• Environmental sensors

Autonomous Survey: Lidar 3D with RGB Overlay

Mining Automation
Dragline Swing Automation Shovel Automation Excavator Traffic Management
LHD Automation (Caterpillar) Longwall Automation (CESRE)Explosive Loading (ORICA)

Mobile Mapping

LIDAR - Primary Sensor for Field Robotics
Dragline Terrain Mapping Haul Truck Scanning Explosive Loading
Excavator Bucket Tracking Truck and Shovel Mapping Airborne Mapping

Large Scale Mobile Mapping
Motion correction with
accurate & precise sensors
Manual
Survey
LIDAR
DTM
Mobile
Mapping
Real-time SLAM with
CPU-GPU Speeds
Real-time
DTM
Robotic
Perception
Conventional Approach Our Approach

Mapping of Roads
Mapping of Industrial Compound
2D/3D Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping
(SLAM)
Spinning LiDAR on moving vehicle
After Scan Matching
After Place
Recognition
Together:
Globally Consistent
Trajectory and Map
Localization Mapping
Moving Object
Tracking
Change
Detection
Data Association
Robust Optimization

LIDAR: Primary Sensor for Robotics

 High-end hardware
 Heavy, expensive
 Non-intuitive
 Days/week of processing time
 Mobile, handheld
 Affordable hardware
 Intuitive
 Realtime software processing
Reducing Barrier to Entry: Mobile Mapping
 Traditional solutions:  CSIRO solution:

Jenolan Caves
Zebedee created map
World’s oldest recorded cave system (340 million years old)

Structure Mapping: Questacon - Canberra

Opéra Théâtre de Clermont-Ferrand, France

Pisa - Piazza del Duomo
Bottom to top and around the bell tower in 20 mins

Leaning Tower of Pisa & Virtual Reality

Colourized range
Photogrammetry
10mm
10m
Infrared
Semantic Annotation
Extending 3D Maps

Historical Site: Peel Island Lazaret

From 3D Data to Photos and Video
All data is cross-linked during capture
You click on a 3D point in the point cloud and you are presented with a list
of video frames that show that point.

From Photos and Video to 3D Data
All data is cross-linked during capture
You click on point in a photo and you are presented with that location in 3D in
the point cloud.

Comparing Data Collected at Different Times
Automatic change detection
The system automatically highlights areas in the
point cloud where changes are detected.

Heatwave

HeatWave: Hand-held 3D Thermography Device

Multimodal Representation: 3D+RGB+thermal
3D Thermal Model3D Colour Model

3D Change Detection After and Before
operations

Thermal Discrepancy 3D model
(before/after)

Thermal discrepancy 3D model
(before/after)

Tele-Maintenance

How – Capabilities in Field Robotics
Dragline Shovel LHD HMC
Rock Breaker Explosive Loading Cleanup Agriculture
Helicopter Submarine Ground Boat
Haulage
Manipulation
Navigation

How – Capabilities in Remote Collaboration
Gesture Tracking Vehicle Tracking People Tracking Face Tracking
Security and Trust High Bandwidth Comms Quality of Service Haptics
Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality Panoramic Display Collaborative Environments
Situational
Awareness
Communications
Human Machine
Interface

Assembly and Remote Assistance
Assisted Human Worker
Autonomous Navigation
Lightweight Robot
Assistant
Remote Instruction +
Augmented Reality
Remote Expert

Remote Maintenance
Remote Expert
Virtual Collaboration Space
Local Resource
ReMoTe is hands-free, wearable, and is operational in various environmental conditions
and designed so operators can operate it without any training or prior skill.

Guardian Mentor Remote
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv4-AGp_Okw
http://www.csiro.au/Organisation-Structure/Divisions/Computational-Informatics/ReMoTe.aspx

Robust, Secure, Dependable Systems
R.G. Dromey30
R1 BUTTON
[Pushed]
R1 POWER-TUBE
[Energized]
R1 USER
??Button-Push??
1 OVEN
[Cooking]
1 OVEN
[Idle]
R2 BUTTON
[Pushed]
R2
+
USER
??Button-Push??
R1
OVEN
[Cooking]
R2
+
OVEN ^
[Cooking]
R2 OVEN
[Extra-Minute]
R5
+
USER
??Door-Opened??
R5
@
DOOR
[Open]
R5
OVEN
[Cooking-Stopped
]
R5
+
POWER-TUBE
[Off]
R6
+
USER
??Door-Closed??
R6 DOOR
[Closed]
R6 LIGHT
[Off]
R6
+
OVEN
[Idle]
R7 LIGHT
[Off] R7 POWER-TUBE
[Off]
R7 BEEPER
[Sounded]
R7 OVEN
?? Timed-Out ??
R7 OVEN
[Cooking-Finished
R8
-
USER
??Door-Opened??
R8
-
DOOR
[Open]
R8
-
BUTTON
[Disabled]
R8
-
OVEN ^
[Open]
R3
C+
BUTTON
[Enabled ]
R3
C
BUTTON
[Disabled ]
R4
C
LIGHT
[ On ]
R8
-
LIGHT
[ On ]
R6
+
OVEN
[ Open ]
Fig. 14. Microwave Oven DBT with oven component behaviour highlighted
Specification, analysis, simulation and testing for assuring system
dependability

BATMON

Distributed Sensing Systems
Building Sustainable Systems of Distributed Sensors
Pervasive sensing for effective management of natural and built
environments
A decade of leading sensor network research

Continental-Scale Tracking: Flying Foxes
Autonomous Systems Program | Not for Distribution: for Internal CSIRO/Chevron discussions only
Roos ng Camp
Foraging Area
1 km
• Flying Foxes are vectors for the Hendra virus
• We developed collars (< 30g) to track flying
foxes

Guardian

Problem 1: The Mixed Traffic Problem
• 20 years ago automation
was driven by safety
• Lead to the automation of
specialized vehicles
• Equal performance of a human driver
• Forced to isolate the machines
• This impacted the existing workflow
(Maintenance, exploration)
Increase Safety Change in Workflow Loss in Productivity

Solution 1: Global Situational Awareness
1. Technology that allows humans and robots
to interact safety and productively
2. To do this we need to provide fail-safe
people detection
3. No such technology exists
4. Put intelligence into the environment
rather than the machine
5. Detect absence rather than presence
6. Autonomous safety.

Problem 2: Interoperability
• 10 years ago, investment was driven by
labor force availability and productivity
• We were able to automate a rock-breaker,
but it does not exceed the performance of
the human operator
• Productivity gains can only be realized if
we integrate the upstream and
downstream processes
Fleet Management Rock Breaker Processing

Unified User Interface
3DCMM
Communications Infrastructure
Digital Model
Exploration
MinePlanning
Drilling
Excavation
Blasting
Haulage
RockBreaking
Processing
Train
ShipLoading
Process
Surveying Analysis Infrastructure Maintenance LogisticsSupport
Framework of Standards
Remote
Operations
Solution 2: Digital Model
Vendors

Guardian
Guardian
Situational
Awareness
Global
Interoperability
People being
part of solution
Industry 4.0Industrial
Internet
IoT

Guardian Angel
• Monitors environment
• Tracks people and assets
• Make work safer for humans
Guardian Mentor
• Worker augmentation
• Provides skills and training
• Make work easier for human
Guardian Helper
• Provides physical assistance
• Robotic co-workers
• Works with humans
Guardian Worker
• Provides remote assistance
• Tele-operated robotics
• Work for humans
Guardian Implementation
Augmentation
• Collaboration
• Interface
• Observatory
Assistive
• Navigation
• Manipulation
• Cooperation
Awareness
• Monitoring
• Modeling
• Management
Social Science
Human Factors
Informatics
Communications
Sensors
Robotics
Engineering
Investment Innovation Impact
Worker Centric:
Increase productivity, safety and adaptability
of future workforce through virtual and
assistive automation technologies
High Performance Workplace
• Low-cost, from purchasing price and installation costs, to
reprogramming and maintenance costs
• Easy to use, without the need of technical expertise to deploy,
operate and reconfigure the systems
• Support mass customisation, ideal for small runs of multiple
types of products

A system that provide increased safety
to the human workers without
intervention.
The system automatically monitors,
where people are and what they are
doing.
From this it is able to estimate risk and
alert people and machines.
Layers of safety to provide increased
reliability
LAMS: Guardian Angel
Guardian Angel
•Monitors environment
•Tracks people and assets
•Make work safer for humans
Monitoring
• Localization (WASP,SLAM)
• Tracking (People Tracking HMC)
• Mapping (SLAM)
Modeling
• Body/Facial Gestures
• Scenario Simulation
• Risk Assessment (Nexus)
Management
• Data Standards (OGC)
• Communications
• Fail-safety

• Increase product quality, by
facilitating design tasks and increasing
ability to identify errors at early stages
of manufacturing processe
• Increase labour productivity, by
augmenting human worker’s
capabilities, regardless of their age or
physical conditions
• Maintaining a high-skilled workforce,
by improving training capacity and
maximising the amount of data on their
hands
LAMS: Guardian Mentor
Lightweight Assistive Manufacturing Solutions | NMW 2013
Guardian Mentor
•Worker augmentation
•Provides skills and training
•Make work easier for human
Collaboration
• High speed communications
• Tracking (People Tracking HMC)
• Mapping (SLAM)
Interface
• Augmented Reality (Remote)
• Augmented Virtuality
• Projected Reality
Observatory
• Repository (OGC)

• Increase productivity, by combining
human’s flexibility and reasoning with
machine’s strength and precision
• Increase flexibility and
responsiveness, making manufacturers
more responsive against changes in
demand
• Provide smart and safe automation,
enjoying the benefits of automation
without making any changes in
processes or infrastructure
LAMS: Guardian Helper
Guardian Helper
•Provides physical assistance
•Robotic co-workers
•Works with humans
Navigation
• Global (Museum)
Manipulation
Cooperation

• Increase worker’s safety, by placing
them under safe conditions while
performing on dangerous and
challenging environments
• Expand workforce’s field of action,
enabling humans to execute tasks in
remote places without the need of
physical presence
• Facilitate micro-fabrication, by
extending human capacity to work in
small-scale environments
LAMS: Guardian Worker
Guardian Worker
•Provides remote assistance
•Tele-operated robotics
•Work for humans
Navigation
• Reactive (MineGem)
• Absolute (HMC)
Manipulation
• Hydraulic Arm (rock-breaker/ORICA)
Autonomy
• Helicopter
• Submarine

Autonomous Safety Zones
1. Create 3D Model
2. Monitor environment
3. Track people and robots
4. Measure risk
5. Detects hazards
6. Alerts participant
7. Creates Safety Zone
8. Alerts bystanders
9. Monitors task
10. Alerts help if required.
Person starts to change tyre! Vehicle wants to move
Bystander walks into factory
Guardian Angel
•Monitors environment
•Tracks people and assets
•Make work safer for humans

Changing Robotic Paradigms
Automation
In Manufacturing
Rigid
Bulky
Expensive
Unsafe
Lightweight
Assistive Systems
Flexible
Lightweight
Affordable
Human-centered
Easy-to-use

Lightweight
Assistive
Systems
Multi-Sensorial
Augmented Reality
Human/Robot Collaboration
Augmented Human Worker
Robot/Robot
Collaboration
Worker Safety: Always Aware
Tele-supervision

• New Workflows
• New Business Models
• New Enterprises
• Cost Avoidance
Strategies
• New Processes
• New Materials
• New Production
• Cost Reduction
Strategies
•Mass
Customization
•Maximize Flexibility
•Focus on
scope/value
•Mass Production
•Minimize Waste
•Focus on scale/
efficiency
Lean Agile
Information
Driven
XXXX
Value Capture
and Creation
Advanced
XXXX
Value Capture
What is DPAS Imperative?
Great
expectations
VirtuallyHere
Morefromless
DPAS BDC Emerging Plan

Robots and Humans, not Robots instead of Humans
Robotic co-workers
Work with humans
• Increase productivity by combining
human flexibility, dexterity and
reasoning with robotic strength and
precision
• Increase flexibility and
responsiveness, making
manufacturers more responsive to
changes in demand
• Provide smart and context-relevant
automation without major changes in
processes or infrastructure
• Increase product quality by
facilitating design tasks and increasing
the ability to identify errors at early
stages of manufacturing processes
• Increase labour productivity by
augmenting the capabilities of human
workers, regardless of their age or
physical conditions
• Maintain a high-skilled workforce by
improving remote training capacity and
maximising the worker’s access to
relevant information
• Increase worker safety by keeping
humans in safe conditions while they
supervise robotic systems operating in
dangerous and challenging
environments
• Expand the worker’s field of
action, enabling humans to execute
tasks in remote places without the
need for physical presence
• Facilitate micro-fabrication by
extending the worker’s ability to work
in small-scale environments
• Low-cost solutions, from purchasing price and installation costs, to reprogramming and maintenance costs
• Easy to use, without the need of technical expertise to deploy, operate and reconfigure the systems
•Supporting mass customisation, ideal for small runs of multiple types of products
Worker augmentation systems
Make work easier for humans
Telesupervised robotics
Work for humans

Situational Awareness and Immersive Safety
Operation in mixed traffic:
humans,
autonomous vehicles, human-
operated vehicles
Situational
awareness

Lightweight Robot Co-Workers
Increasing the Productivity, Safety and Skills of Human Workers
Augment and help human workers, instead of replacing them by
robots Increased worker retention and satisfaction
Increase worker productivity, safety, retention and satisfaction
New market opportunities for Australian technology companies
Situational awarenessRemote expert helping human worker

Robot-Enabled Remote Assistance

Operations in a dynamic industrial environment
Seamless Connections / Exchange between
Workshop (Tactical) & The Control Room (Executive)

CSIRO Business Model
Digital Productivity

Engagement
FMF
MII
CRC
MIX
SME
LAMS
National Innovation Networks

Australia’s Innovation System
Australia’s innovation system
CSIRO's Business Model

How we operate
• Scientific experts in relevant fields
• Research centres and facilities
• Equipment
We look at company &
industry challenges:
CSIRO contributes:
We create solutions and inventions
• Productivity
• Safety
• Competitiveness
We find partners to help
undertake the research:
• Government
• Universities
• Research institutes
• Industry companies
Minerals
Down
Under
We work with industry companies to help
them apply, and realise results

CSIRO works with clients on R&D projects across three horizons
Horizon 1
Horizon 2
Horizon 3
Improving core products and
services
Application of new and
disruptive technologies
Developing new and disruptive
technologies and applications
Time
• Deliverable focus
• Existing knowledge
• Consulting & technical
services
• Licensing
• New knowledge to
solve known problem
• Proven application
ready for product /
service dev effort
• Prototype / applications
focus
• New knowledge /
exploration
• Options focused
• New to world science or
applications
Commercial readiness
Collaborative researchTechnical consulting, licensing

Our three main business models
MISSION
DIRECTED
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
TRANSLATION
(SERVICES)
ACCESS TO
NATIONAL
FACILITIES

CSIRO | Craig Roy | Page 128
Engaging with the best organisations along the path from
research to adoption and impact
RESEARCH FUNDERS
E.g. Government, ARC
RESEARCH COLLABORATORS
E.g. Universities, CRCs, major multinational corporations, companies
DELIVERY PARTNERS
E.g. Major multinational corporations, Australian companies, SMEs
END USERS
E.g. Industry, Govt, Consumers
BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL
DEVELOPMENT
ADOPTION
Publicly funded research projects are the foundation business model in
which capability and intellectual property are developed
We take a collaborative approach to research and connect with
the right capability in the innovation system
Where we are not best placed to implement the
outcomes of our research, we work with the best
existing players in the market to see it adopted
In some cases we also work directly with end users to ensure
lasting impact is achieved in line with our objectives
CSIRO's Business Model128
|

Investment in research with partners
Nature of research project
Applied Research or
Services
• Application of existing
knowledge
Enabling Research
• New knowledge
generated
• Defined application and
impact
Basic Research
• New knowledge
generated
• Multiple or unknown
applications and
impact
Basic Research
• Breakthrough areas of
research
• Building strategic
capabilities
Client funds Co-Investment (Client : CSIRO) CSIRO funds
Client funds 80 : 20 60 : 40 CSIRO funds

Exploitation Strategy
How is the technology going to get to market?
 Research the market
 Understand the value chain for the industry
How much is it going to cost to get to market?
Who is going to provide the $?
 Strategic partners vs venture capital (or similar)
Iterate the strategy
 Regularly review the literature and the market dynamics
Developer manufacturer distributor sales consumer

Industry roadmaps and landscaping
Overall
industry
drivers
Value
chain
CSIRO
portfolio
Market
value
Aus (farm gate) dairy value (2009/10)=$3.4bn
Aus export value(2009/10)=$4bn
Global dairyproductsmarket =$337bn (CAGR 2008-2012 =24%)
Aus. Dairy based product manufacturing=$10.1bn (approx)
Industry
drivers
influenci
ng R&D
by value
chain
CSIRO
Capabilit
ies &
Assets
•Environmentalchallenges (drought,
climate change, soildegradation)
• Evolving biologicalthreats
•Food security
•Increasing input prices
•Global consolidation
• Land and resource shortages
•Sustainable production practises •Increasing regulatoryand
customer requirements
•Increased globalisation and
consolidation
•Yield, land scarcity, competition for
acres
• Carbon pricing impact
•Cost reduction
•Changing population demographics
•R&D comp AND acceleration China / India. Underminesvalue capture
•Increasing complexity
in farm businesses
CLI
SAF
CPI FNS
FFF
CMIS
CPSE/CMSE PHealth
Agriculture
Sustainability
Water shortages
Energy
Nutrients prices
Climate change
Biosecurity
Commodity price
volatility
Increasing farming
cost structures
Greenhouse gas
emissions
Increasing demand
Healthy/functional
food
Aging population
Slowing dairy
productivity
Animal welfare
Sustainable
production
Regulatory
Food safety
Product
differentiation
Waste
Milk supply
Labour
Changing nature of
demand
Resource inputs Milk production
Processing
capacity
Markets for dairy
products (local
and export)
Consumers
Increasing private
label /generic
branding
Retailers
dominance in
value chain
Supermarket
discounting
No R&D
investment/value
Environmental x
feed x genetics
modelling
Feed systems and
management
On-farm systems
Disease
diagnostics,
monitoring and
control
Genomics/
phenomics
Landscape
modelling – water
& land
Vaccine and
therapeutic
products
Systems modelling
Product processing
Tailored
formulations
Food safety
Testing
methodologies
Bioactives/
ingredients
Materials science
Plant design
Complex systems
modelling
Risk assessment
analysis
Nutrition
Sensory
Preclinical/clinical
substantiation
Gut health/fibre
characterisation
Supply chain
modelling
Consumer
behaviour
Genetics/physiolog
y
DAIRY ROADMAP
CEREALS ROADMAP
Industry R&D
drivers
Value chain
Market value SEED: Global seed market ~$38bn (2011)(source: Globalindustry analyst) Globalgrain seed
(wheat, rice, sorghum, corn)market =$14bn Globalwheat seed market=$250mn, Australia wheat
seed market=$20mn
CROPS: Global cereal(wheat, coarse grain, rice) cropsmarket ~$417.3 billion (source:
Datamonitor) market value reflects consumption at producer prices
Aus. Grain growing market ~$12.5billion (source: IBISWorld)
Aus export value~$4bn
Global cereals&bakery market =$358bn
Aus. Grain-based product manufacturing=$12.3bn
Recent /
future
major
deals
Priority
Industry
Clients
Dow Agrosciences, Sygenta,
Limagrain ,Bayer
Consultants,
Grower co-
ops,
Grower co-ops AWB,Grain
Cor Co-op
BulkHandle
Lion Nathan
(Kirin)
Nestle, Wesfarmers/
/ Coles
Govt /
Consumer
Groups
Priority
funders
DAFF; GRDC, AusAid, GRDC, GRDC MLA(feed)
CSIRO
delivery
portfolios
Key science
Focus areas
Product
manufacturer
Germplasm/
Gene discovery
Breeder
Input/
production
systems
Grower
Storage,
transport,
Handler,
marketer
Millers
Distributor/
Retailer
Consumer
(direct/
indirect)
CPI
SAF
FNS / PHF
FFF FFF
SAF???
Genomics / Phenomics
On Farm
Systems
Health
Function
BARLEYmax
international
royalties
$9.3M
GWD in wheat
GRDC / Bayer
$7.25M
Taste &
Aroma –
Nestle $2.5M
Nortnern
Wheat
Agronomy
GRDC $2M
Global Wheat Strategy
Bayer - $58M
Healthy Grains
- $13.5M
Coeliac 5 –
GRDC
$2.5M
MAGIC -
Bayer
$3.5M
BARLEYmax
license to
Popina $11M
Overdue
phos maint.
GRDC
$3.2M
Nitrogen &
Phos
responses
GRDC
$4.7M
Heat stress –
GRDC $5.4M
Fertiliser /
soil
decision
support
GRDC
$3.5M
Northern
grain
production
crop
sequencing
yield GRDC
$2M
West /
Southern
Phosphorus
-efficient
pasture
systems
MLA $2.2M
Soil
Organics
GRDC
$2.3MCrown Rot
suppression
$3.4M
Starplus –
piglet
effects
(Pork RI)
$2.7M
Rust disease –
2 Blades &
GRDC $7.65M
secured
prospect
Solution
Integration
Solution
Integration
Environmentalchallenges (drought,
climate change, soildegradation)
Evolving biologicalthreats
Food security
Increasing input prices
Demand for higher value end
uses for wheat by dev.
countries
Global consolidation & new
geographies(e.g.; Black Sea)Land and resource
shortages
Sustainable production practises
Increasing regulatory &
customer requirements Increased globalisation
GM cereals
Carbon pricing impact
Cost reduction pressures
Wheat genome sequenced
R&D challenge / acceleration China / India.
Gradual shift from commodity to product
differentiation
• To support impact, science and engagement planning and coordination, detailed industry roadmaps and
landscapes are beginning to be developed

IIC Testbed for Mobile Autonomy

Elliot Duff, PhD
Research Director
t +61 7 3327 4632
AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS PROGRAM | DPAS | CSIRO
Thank you

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