1. ,;

2. FIXED APPLIANCES IN
ORTHODONTICS
BY:SADIA NAEEM
FINAL YEAR BDS
ISRA UNIVERSITY

3. CONTENTS
Definition
Indications
Patient selection
Contraindications
Components
Attachment
Types

4. OBJECTIVES
What is a Fixed Orthodontic Appliance
Indications & contraindications
Components
Attachment methods for fixed
orthodontic appliances
Various types of fixed orthodontic
appliances

5. DEFINITION
Appliances that are attached to teeth
Surfaces & are capable to
Generate a range of tooth movement
& can be removed by the
Orthodontists at the end of treatment.
(Marina koletis , Health Sciences , August 29 , 2012)

6. INDICATIONS
Fixed orthodontic appliances are indicated
whenever multiple tooth movement is
required:
Intrusion
De-rotation
Controlled space closure at extraction sites
Bodily movement
Extrusion
Torque control etc.

7. PATIENT SELECTION
Patient maintains good oral hygiene.
Must be co-operative.
Attends appointments regularly to adjust the
appliance.

8. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Poorly motivated patient:
Patient should understand that his/her cooperation
will be required throughout the treatment.
Poor dental health:
A patient, who does not maintain oral hygiene
routinely, cannot be expected to maintain the
stringent oral hygiene procedures required with fixed
appliances.

9. Mal-occlusions beyond the scope of
fixed orthodontic appliances:
Mal-occlusions that are skeletal or otherwise beyond
the scope of orthodontics should not be attempted.

10. COMPONENTS OF FIXED
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES:
Components which form any Fixed Orthodontic
Appliance System are divided into two categories
depending upon their ability to generate forces:
1. Active Components
2. Passive Components

11. ACTIVE COMPONENTS
These are the components which are
capable of generating tooth moving forces:
1) Separators
2) Archwires
3) Springs
4) Elastics & elastomerics

12. SEPARATORS
Separators are used to create spaces between
two adjacent teeth, generally for the purpose of
banding.
There are various types of separators:
a) Brass wire separators
b) Kesling’s spring separators
c) Ring separators
d) Dumbbell separators
METAL
SEPARATORS
RUBBER SEPARATORS

13. VARIOUS TYPES OF SEPARATORS:

14. ARCHWIRES
One of the active components.
They can bring about various tooth
movements through the medium of
brackets & buccal tubes, which act as
handles on the teeth.

15. IDEAL PROPERTIES
1. Spring back
2. Stiffness
3. Formability
4. Resilience
5. Biocompatibilty
6. Joinability
7. Least friction

16. Classification of Arch Wires
• BASED ON MATERIAL USED:
1. Gold & gold alloys
2. Stainless steel
3. Nickel titanium alloys
4. Beta titanium
5. Cobalt chromium nickel alloys
6. Optiflex arch wires
• BASED ON CROSS SECTION:
1. Round
2. Square
3. Rectangular
4. Multistranded

17. SPRINGS
• Springs are mainly used for tooth uprighting
& torquing.
• Springs may be used to open spaces or to
close spaces.