Emerging Trends in Innovation and Research & Development in India...

1. Group Members: Arun Balachandran, Joseph John, Sunilkumar G, Vimal KG
Innovation in India
Status, Emerging Trends and Challenges

2. SCOPE OF TOPIC
• R&D vs Innovation
• Current status of R&D and Innovation in India
• Key challenges/barriers for Innovation
• Initiatives by Government and industry
• India as a Global leader in R&D, Innovation
• Breakthrough Innovations Example

3. R&D vs Innovation - SEMANTICS
'Research And Development - R&D'
Investigative activities that a
business chooses to conduct with
the intention of making a discovery
that can either lead to the
development of new products or
procedures, or to improvement of
existing products or procedures.

4. R&D vs Innovation - SEMANTICS
‘Innovation’ is defined as a process by which varying
degrees of measurable value enhancement is planned and
achieved, in any commercial activity. This process may be
breakthrough or incremental, and it may occur
systematically in a company or sporadically; it serves to
improve market share, competitiveness and quality, while
reducing costs.
Means: New/Improved Goods/Services,
Operational, Organizational or Managerial Processes

5. R&D vs Innovation
Innovation can happen across value chain

6. ADDITIONALLY ON INNOVATION
Innovation cannot often be bought or implanted. It will
happen on its own once the right environment is
provided within an organization or institution for
research, learning and exploring ways to improve value
provision along the entire system.

7. THE IndiaN SCENARIO

8. S&T BUDGET
Expressed as a
Percent of GDP

9. KNOWLEDGE
WORKERS
Expressed per
Million people

10. PATENT
STATISTICS
India is nowhere
On the Scene

11. RESEARCH
PAPER TRENDS
India barely
Contributes
a good percent in
the Asian Scenario
Research Trends, 2011.

12. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, INDIA
RESEARCHERS IN NATION AS OF 2007 DATA
1571000
1423000
154800
Researchers in the Country (2007-08)
USA China India
R&D SPEND AS OF 2011 IN USD BILLIONS
405
297
36
R&D Spend in Billion USD’s (2011)
USA China India

13. MAJOR CHALLENGES

14. R&D, INNOVATION BARRIERS IN INDIA
Budget Allocation stuck at .9% for R&D - Across the BJP regime led by Atal
Behari Vajpayee in 2003, all the way to the Manmohan Singh regime the Indian Science &
Technology budget has stagnated at about .9% of the GDP. The promise to raise it to 2% has
passed on from the 9th plan to the 12th plan with no avail. Significant drops in India’s R&D
budget allocation over the years. While private sector expenses in R&D is increasing, the
Indian Government is not keeping pace with global R&D spends. We’ve reaped the
benefits of major S&T initiatives taken in the past, but in the future do we have projects
now that we can take benefits off.
The Science & Technology Portfolio, not given due importance –
Often as a portfolio lacks good ministers at helm, and underplayed within the
Government. Not governed by Ministers with the right caliber.

15. R&D, INNOVATION BARRIERS IN INDIA
Archaic and Outdated Education System – The
educational environment in India, is one that is driven by
instruction systems and formulas, as opposed to one facilitated
by curiosity, exploration and understanding. Political
interference in education content in some cases. There is often
a lack of depth in the learning, and the spirit of curiosity is not
sparked.
The Brain Drain Scenario – The migration of highly
skilled and educated youth from the better institutions in the
country abroad in search for better pastures.

16. R&D, INNOVATION BARRIERS IN INDIA
Lack of a R&D friendly Ecosystem – The nation has very few institutes and
organizations that can create a healthy and internationally comparable environment for
growth in Research Industry. Very little, R&D friendly policies within the Government.
A lack of Entrepreneurship friendly policies – The NKC sites that start ups
and SME’s are often the hub of innovation, while the government policies that encourage
and promote startup and entrepreneurship culture is still in it’s infancy.

17. R&D, INNOVATION BARRIERS IN INDIA
Indian Universities are just learning shops – As opposed to the practice in
most great universities and institutions abroad, universities are at the forefront of
research often partnering with private, public and government sector organizations.
IPR and Patenting Practices on Decline – The pursuit to build indigenous
IPRs and patents in various sectors is taking a backseat, while most international MNC’s
make use of Indian Eco-systems and Resources to build their portfolio of the same.

18. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

19. Govt. INITIATIVEs – INNOVATION and R&D
The National Innovation Council, India – An
Thinktank initiative by the Indian government to create a roadmap
for sustainable innovation from 2010 – 2020 under the
chairmanship of Sam Pitroda (former chairman of the NKC).
DST & DSIR takes the Lead – 'Ministry of Science and
Technology'. The Department of Science and Technology (DST)
and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) taking
the lead in fostering innovation & R&D in the country through
various programs.

20. Govt. INITIATIVEs – INNOVATION and R&D
New Science, Technology and Innovation Policy – The new policy focusses
on creating a framework that imparts quality knowhow, a better and more appealing
research atmosphere for professionals, creating better facilitation of private sector
participation in R&D etc…
National Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship Scheme /
Professorship Scheme – A scheme envisaged to attract
Indian born skilled and Talented researchers and academicians
back to India for short stints to pursue Research and
Devolopment in Indian Institutes and Organizations. (Received
strong criticism for ECG Sudarshan, but adopted successfully
by nations like China, Australia Etc…)

21. NATIONAL INNOVATION COUNCIL – INDIA
The National Innovation Council, India – Some of the
more interesting initiatives and key element the NInC are working are
mentioned below…
 Federal Policy and Incentive Schemes
 Access to Capital, Skilled Manpower, Market
 Industry & Cluster Innovation Center (CIC)
 Building positive Public Private Partnerships (PPP)
 State & Sector Level Innovation Cluster Initiatives

22. SOME
OF NiNC
INITIATIVES

23. INDUSTRY
INNOVATION
CLUSTER

24. DST & DSIR Initiatives – INNOVATION and R&D
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DST)
National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship
Development Board (NSTEDB) - Setting up Incubators in the
Technology Domain. Technology Business Incubators
supporting Individuals or startups to set up their professional
ventures.
Technology Development Board (TDB) -The Board provides
financial assistance in the form of equity soft loans or grants.
Technology Commercialisation Facilitation Agency by TIFAC
(Technology Information Forecasting & Assessment Cell )

25. DST & DSIR Initiatives – INNOVATION and R&D
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (DSIR)
PRISM (Promoting Innovations in Individuals, Start-ups and MSMEs) -
Grant for Innovation, prototype to final product (Rs. 2L - 50L)
Industrial R&D Promotion Program
Tax breaks for R&D Initiatives - A significant R&D tax incentive in India is
a 200% accelerated deduction on scientific research expenditure incurred
by an in-house R&D facility (Biotechnology, Manufacturing Etc.).
Tax exemption for R&D related import equipment's.

26. MOVING FORWARD

27. INDIA as A GLOBAL LEADER
 The raising of the R&D budget from .9% of GDP to the previously promised 2%
or higher at the earliest without further delay.
 The government must play a key role by enhancing the number, quality, and
management of science schools focussed on science research.
 Increased interaction between industry and research establishments is
important.

28. INDIA as A GLOBAL LEADER
 We must encourage active interaction and exchange with international
research institutions. Cross-continental research cooperation and knowledge
sharing is the key.
 Eminent international scientists for seminars with selected young research
minds and students in India at least annually.

29. INDIA as A GLOBAL LEADER
 Some small innovations in public policy can go a long way in creating a healthy
environment for fostering innovation. Re-imagining of structure in the
government can go a long way. Egs; Weavers and Craft persons to the tune of
35 lakh as poorer cousins of the textile industry.
 A sound incentive system for the corporate sector involved in scientific R&D
with viable incentives such as special economic zones and technology parks
for R&D establishments.

30. INDIA as A GLOBAL LEADER
 Seed funding for Indian returnees from abroad who want to focus on the field
of Research and Development within the country. Helping them get started by
creating funding systems that help create a system that encourages R&D.
 Root seeking Camps in multiple countries, to help Indian knowledge
professionals abroad get close to their roots, in many countries to woo them
back.

31. INDIA as A GLOBAL LEADER
 The importance of rewards and recognition for scientific research, as a
measure to encourage youngsters to consider careers in research. Private
Sector can pay a patron here.
 Translating Universities to the forefront research, partnering with Private,
Public and Government sector Units to roll out Innovation and New
Technology
 Stressing on Importance of Alumni, the best universities in the world are often
as strong as the Alumni that return to be a part of the Universities future.

32. INDIAN INNOVATIONS

33. BREAKTHROUGH INNOVATIONS
 J.K. Tripathy, IPS officer – Reducing Crime Rates in Trichy, by using beat
officers and creating a sense of ownership (40% Crime drop in 2Yrs)
 Tata’s Titan Edge – The World’s slimmest Watch, done when the Swiss
said it can’t be done (3.5mm)
 Ecofemme – Eco-friendly Sanitary pads that do not contribute to
growing waste in the environment
 Arvind Eye Hospital – Cataract Surgery made efficient and Effective
 Dainik Bhaskar – From survey to product customization to No. 01

34. BREAKTHROUGH INNOVATIONS
 Shantha Biotechnics – Discovered a low-cost Hepatitis-B vaccine
thereby revolutionizing the Indian biotechnology Industry
 Su-kam India – Pioneers of the first quality Inverters built with primary
focus on the Indian conditions (by entrepreneur – Kunwer Sachdev)
 Trash to Terracotta, Bangalore – A pro composting initiative by storing
waste in Teracotta bins to create organic compost.
 GCFT’s Oota from your Thotta Initiative – Spearheaded by Dr. BN
Viswanath, it focusses on growing food for home consumption on your
terrace or in small allocated garden spaces

35. INNOVATION EXTRA’S

36. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION TECHNIQUES (FORBES)
There are 5 key factors that often drive
disruptive innovations
 Questioning
 Observing
 Networking
 Experimenting
 Associational thinking

37. INTRODUCTION To jugaad INNOVATION
Jugaad Innovation
or Frugal innovation is
about achieving maximum
impact with minimal resources

38. PRINCIPALS jugaad INNOVATION
The fundamental principals behind Jugaad Innovation

39. REFERENCES
“ This presentation has been made possible through the information and
ideas derived from a lot of articles, journals, books and magazine references
from many sources ranging from the National Innovation Council
documents, Policy Papers, Forbes Articles, The Hindu, The Financial Express,
The Times, Books like Jugaad Innovation, Breakthrough Innovations in India
and very many numerous other Resources… All mostly that were made
accessible to us by Prof. Sthanu R Nair… We hope this document helps you get
a better picture of the Indian Scenario on Innovation”

40. INNOVATION IN INDIA
- S T A T U S , E M E R G I N G T R E N D S & C H A L L E N G E S -
SUBMITTED AS A PART OF
‘ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT’ PROJECT
by Arun Balachandran, Joseph John, Sunilkumar G, Vimal KG