This Presentation is made for The Presentation session :4 , Paper no: 209 Research Methodology

1. Format of the Research Paper
S. B. Gardi , Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar University

2. Present by : Divya Parmar
Email: divyaparmar07012@gmail.com
Roll no: 5
Sem : 4
Paper: 209 Research Methodology
Topic: Format of the Research paper

3. Table of Content :
● Definition of Research
● Meaning of Research
● What is Research Methodology
● Objectives of Research Methodology
● Format of Research Paper
● Conclusion
● Citation

4. Definition of Research
● The Department of Education and Training defines research as follows:
“Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies
and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to
the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.” (Western sydney university)
● According to merriam webster Research means: investigation or experimentation
aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or
laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised
theories or laws!
● the collecting of information about a particular subject
● careful or diligent search

5. Meaning of Research :
● According to C. R. Kothari : Research is a scientific and systematic
search for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is an art of
scientific investigation and a movement from the known to the
unknown, a voyage of discovery. Redman and Mory define research
as a "systematized effort to gain new knowledge," while the
Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English describes it as "a
careful investigation or inquiry, especially through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge." Inquisitiveness is the mother of
all knowledge, and research is the method by which we obtain
knowledge of the unknown.

6. According to Ranjit Kumar, there are various ways to obtain answers to
professional questions, ranging from informal to scientific methods.
Research is one of these methods, which implies adherence to a set of
philosophies, tested procedures, and unbiased objectivity. The author
mentions different research paradigms and approaches, such as
positivist, interpretive, phenomenology, action or participatory, feminist,
qualitative, and quantitative, which are conditioned by academic
disciplines and personal experience. The concept of validity ensures that
correct procedures are applied, reliability ensures repeatability and
accuracy, and unbiased objectivity means drawing conclusions to the
best of one's ability without introducing personal interests. The author
differentiates between subjectivity and bias, where the former is
conditioned by personal background and discipline, and the latter is a
deliberate attempt to conceal or highlight something. Overall, undertaking
a research study implies adherence to these expectations.

7. What is Research Methodology? (Chat Gpt)
Research methodology refers to the overall approach and techniques used to
conduct research, including the design of research studies, collection of data,
and analysis of results. It involves the systematic investigation of a problem or
issue, using a set of predefined methods and techniques to gather and
analyze data in order to draw conclusions and make recommendations.
Research methodology is an important component of any research project, as
it helps to ensure that the research is conducted in a rigorous and systematic
manner, and that the results are valid and reliable. There are many different
research methodologies that can be used, depending on the nature of the
research question and the type of data that is being collected. Some common
research methodologies include qualitative research, quantitative research,
mixed-methods research, case studies, and action research.

8. Objectives of the Research Methodology (chat gpt)
Research methodology is concerned with the principles and procedures of conducting
research in a systematic and scientific manner. The objects of research methodology are the
different aspects that are studied and analyzed in order to ensure that the research process
is well-designed and effective. Some of the main objects of research methodology include:
Research design: This refers to the overall plan or strategy for conducting the research. It
includes decisions about the research approach, data collection methods, sampling
techniques, and data analysis procedures.
Data collection methods: This includes the various techniques used to gather data, such as
surveys, interviews, observations, and experiments.
Sampling techniques: This refers to the methods used to select a representative sample of
the population being studied.
Data analysis: This involves the process of examining and interpreting the data collected in
order to draw meaningful conclusions.

9. Ethical considerations: This refers to the principles and guidelines that govern the
conduct of research, including issues such as informed consent, confidentiality, and
protection of human subjects.
Validity and reliability: These are key concepts in research methodology, and refer
to the extent to which the research findings are accurate, consistent, and free from
bias.
Overall, the objects of research methodology are concerned with ensuring that the
research process is well-designed, rigorous, and ethical, and that the results
obtained are trustworthy and meaningful.

10. Format of the Research Paper
students should check their instructor's specific requirements for the format of a
research paper before preparing the final draft. The recommendations presented in
the chapter are the most common and assume that the paper will be prepared using a
word processor. Additionally, students should keep both a printout and electronic
copies of their paper in at least two places when submitting it.
1 . Margins :
● Leave margins of one inch at the top and bottom and on both sides of the text.
● If you use paper larger than 8.5 by 11 inches, do not print the text in an area
greater than 6.5 by 9 inches.
● Indent the first word of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin.
● Indent set-off quotations one inch from the left margin.

11. 2 . Text Formatting :
● Always choose an easily readable typeface (e.g., Times New Roman).
● Ensure the regular type style contrasts clearly with the italic style.
● Set the typeface to a standard size, such as 12 points.
● Do not justify the lines of text at the right margin.
● Turn off the automatic hyphenation feature of your word processor.
● Double-space the entire research paper, including quotations, notes, and the list
of works cited.
● Leave one space after a period or other concluding punctuation mark, unless
your instructor prefers two spaces.

12. Heading and Titles :
● A research paper does not require a title page, but certain information must be
included on the first page
● The first page should have 1-inch margin at the top and begin with the author's
name, instructor's name, course number, and date
● Double-space between lines and centre the title on the page
● The title should not be italicised, underlined, in quotation marks, or typed in all
capital letters
● Follow the rules for capitalisation and only italicise words that would be italicised in
the text
● Do not use a period after the title or any heading in the paper
● If a title page is required, follow the given instructions for formatting.

13. Page numbers :
● Number all pages consecutively throughout the research paper in the
upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right
margin.
● Type your last name before the page number to prevent misplaced pages.
● Automatic page numbering by your word processor will save you time and
effort.
● A running head can be created using your last name and the page
number.
● Do not use abbreviations, periods, hyphens, or symbols with page
numbers.
● The word processor may automatically insert the running head on every
page, but it is important to follow your teacher's preference.
● If your teacher prefers, do not include a number on the first page.

14. Tables and illustrations:
● Tables and illustrations should be placed as close as possible to the relevant text
● A table should be labeled as "Table," given an Arabic numeral, and titled
● The label and title should be typed flush left on separate lines and capitalized as titles
● The source of the table and any notes should be given below the table in a caption
● Notes to the table should be designated with lowercase letters
● Any other type of illustration should be labeled as "Figure," given an Arabic numeral,
and titled
● The label and caption should appear directly below the illustration and have one-inch
margins
● If the caption provides complete information about the source, an entry for the source
in the works-cited list is necessary
● Software for creating tables and illustrations can automatically number and set them
appropriately into the text, and generate a listing of all tables and illustrations created
for the paper.

15. Papers and Printing :
● Use only white, 8.5-by-11-inch paper of good quality.
● If you lack 8.5-by-11-inch paper, use the closest size available.
● Use a high-quality printer.
● Most instructors prefer papers printed on a single side.
● Some instructors encourage printing on both sides as a means of conserving paper.
Corrections and Insertions:
● Proofread and correct your research paper carefully before submitting it.
● If you find a mistake in the final copy, reopen the word-processing file, make the
appropriate revisions, and reprint the corrected page or pages.
● Be sure to save the changed file.
● Use spelling and usage checkers with caution.
● If your instructor permits brief corrections on the printout, write them neatly and legibly in
ink directly above the lines involved, using carets () to indicate where they go.
● Do not use the margins or write a change below the line it affects.
● If corrections on any page are numerous or substantial, revise your file and reprint the
page.

16. Binding :
● Pages of the research paper can get misplaced or lost if left unattached or folded down at
a corner.
● Plastic folders or other types of binders may seem attractive but can be a nuisance for
instructors in reading and commenting on students' work.
● Most instructors prefer papers to be secured with a simple paper or binder clip that can be
easily removed and restored.
● Some instructors prefer the use of staples to secure the pages of the research paper.
Electronic submission:
● Currently, there are no widely accepted standards for electronically submitting research
papers.
● If asked to submit your paper electronically, obtain guidelines from your teacher on
formatting and mode of submission and follow them closely.
● To facilitate discussion of your work, incorporate reference markers in the paper if it does
not include page numbers.
● Paragraphs in electronic publications may be numbered, and if using this system, place
the appropriate number in square brackets at the beginning of each paragraph.

17. Conclusion:
Thus to conclude the presentation talks about the formation of the Research paper. Each
and every point which is described in presentation is very important to make proper
research paper.
Thank You !

18. Citation:
“Definition of Research.” Western Sydney University, 5 January 2020,
https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/research/researchers/preparing_a_grant_application/dest_definitio
n_of_research. Accessed 8 March 2023.
Kothari, C. R. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age International Limited, 2004.
Accessed 8 March 2023.
Kumar, Ranjit. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. SAGE Publications, 2011.
MLA Handbook for writers of Research papers, 7th Edition. Modern Language Association of America,
2009.
“Research Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, 28 February 2023, https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/research. Accessed 8 March 2023.