American academic libraries come in three categories: community college libraries, college libraries, and university libraries. University libraries range widely in size and resources from the largest research libraries to smaller college libraries. Most academic librarians hold a Master's degree in Library Science. While the role of libraries is changing with new technologies, libraries continue to provide important resources like online collections, research databases, and learning spaces to support their communities. There is ongoing discussion about how academic libraries can adapt to remain essential in the future.

1. Wissenschaftliche
Bibliotheken in den USA

2. Themen
• Bibliothekstypen / US-Bildungswesen
• bibliothekswissenschaftliches Studium
• Literaturversorgung
• Zukunftsperspektiven
• Aussagen von US-Kollegen

3. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
• academic libraries – Bibliothek einer Hochschule
• research libraries – überwiegend aber nicht
exklusiv academic libraries – einige ÖB und
Spezialbibliotheken zählen dazu
– ÖB – New York Public, Boston Public, et al.
– SB – Folger, Newberry, Getty, et al.

4. academic libraries – Vielfalt
• Amer. Bildungssystem ist wesentlich anders als
das allgemein europäische
• Viele Berufe haben als Voraussetzung ein
abgeschlossenes Hochschulstudium
• Dementsprechend eine Unzahl von
Einrichtungen

5. academic libraries
• drei grobe Kategorien
– community college libraries (associate – 2 Jahre)
– college libraries (BS & BA – 4 Jahre)
– university libraries (master/PhD)
• university libraries ein breites Feld
– Spitzengruppe – Association of Research Libraries –
die 115 „wichtigsten“ Bibliotheken
– der Rest

6. Stellenwert der Bibliothek
• schon lange nicht mehr selbstverständlich
• Missverständnisse in der Verwaltung
– was tut eine Bibliothek heute?
– zunehmende Googleisierung
– wir sind z.T. selber Schuld
• Oft nicht mehr als zentral betrachtet (z.B. -hier
, hier und hier)
• die aktuelle Finanzkrise leitet eine dustere Zeit
ein

7. academic libraries - Belegschaft
• community college od. college – ca. 6-10
Bibliothekarstellen, ca. 10-20 Hilfskräfte
• university library – hängt von Größe und Etat
ab, variiert dramatisch
• Kansas State University – ca. 120 Mitarbeiter,
davon ~40 Bibliothekarsstellen
• Yale University – ca. 650 Mitarbeiter, davon
200+ Bibliothekarsstellen

8. berufsqualifizierender Abschluss
• Master of Library Science – MLS
– heißt oft heutzutage anders
– einziger bedeutender Abschluss für Bibliothekare
• BLS gibt es nur noch selten
• PhD in Library Science gibt es, unterschiedliche
Meinungen dazu – für den Beruf eher unwichtig
• Alle US-Bibliothekare haben mindestens ein
weiteres Fach bis zum Bachelors studiert

9. MLS
• ca. 50 Universitäten bieten (noch) diesen
Abschluss – wenig Zuwachs zu erwarten
• Nicht besonders gut verteilt
• Viele Bundesländer haben keine Uni mit diesem
Fach im Angebot
• Online-Studiengänge sehr beliebt, oft die
einzige Möglichkeit
• Studiert wird i.d.R. an der nächstliegenden Uni
oder online

10. MLS
• Dauert ca. zwei Jahren, 36-42 SWS, oder ca.
12-14 Seminare
• Oft ältere Studenten, die in Bibliotheken schon
lange gearbeitet haben, oder umsteigen
• Studiengebühren oft erheblich
• Einige Studiengänge haben einen guten guten
Ruf, aber Hauptsache bleibt, man hat einen
MLS, egal woher

11. Literaturversorgung
• was man erwarten kann
– OPAC
– Linkresolver
– E-Zeitschriften-Liste
– Fernleihe kostenlos und (oft) online
– mind. eine große ‚Universaldatenbank‘ mit Volltext-
Artikeln
– synchrone Online-Hilfe, mind. 40-50 Stunden
– Handapparat für viele Seminare

12. Literaturversorgung
• was man erwarten kann, Forts.
– mind. 60+ Datenbanken, i.d.R. wesentlich mehr
– Zugang – überall, 24/7 zu 99% der Online-Ressourcen
– subject guides
– Öffnungszeiten – mehr als 100 Wochenstunden,
sieben Tage
– Essen/Trinken in der Bibliothek
– flächendeckendes WLAN auf dem Campus

13. Zukunftsperspektiven
• so viele Meinungen wie es Bibliothekare gibt
• wichtige Aussagen zum Thema
– David Lewis
– Taiga Forum
– Darien Statements

14. Lewis – vier Annahmen
• Libraries are a means, not an end. It's about
providing an information subsidy for a
community.
• Libraries confront disruptive technologies, e.g.-
book digitization.
• Real change requires real change. Make major
changes, and do so deliberately.
• We have a window of opportunity; people like
libraries and we have some banked good will.

15. Lewis – fünfteilige Strategie
• Complete the migration from print to electronic
collections
• Retire legacy print collections
• Redevelop the library as an informal learning
space
• Reposition library tools, resources, and
expertise
• Migrate from purchasing materials to curating
content

16. Taiga Forum
• provokative Aussagen, weder Wünsche noch Prognosen
– One of the misconceptions about the statements has been that
the Taiga meeting participants believe that these things will
happen, or, more interestingly, should happen. ... We hoped
the statements would inspire conversation—and resistance!—at
our meeting. We very intentionally meant to say that we feel
that research libraries are facing serious challenges to core
areas of what we do and that we want to talk about these
challenges without presuming any answers. I would also add …
that I think the statements also explicitly confront superficial
optimism about how academic libraries—and librarians—will
transition into new roles. (K. Antelman, NCSU Libraries)

17. Darien Statements
• sehr positiv begrüßt
• kommen eher aus dem Bereich der ÖB
• Kritik:
Preserve the integrity of civilization? What does it
mean, this “integrity of civilization?” Do the authors
mean “preserve our [western] civilization?” Sounds
mighty important. Do you think we’re up to it?
Okay, seriously, everybody back to work.

18. Darien Statements
• weitere Kritik
– … may I suggest there is a rather large amount of
fatal hubris, here, especially, ” . . . the purpose of
the Library overrides that mission when the two
come into conflict,” and ”preserve the integrity of
civilization.” That’s something ardent religious
fundamentalists might say about their beliefs, and
suggests what I have long suspected, libraries are
becoming a narrow inconsequential religion, hardly
the stuff to latch on to. … This is a most unfortunate
statement, and strikes me more as buggy whip
makers’ whistling in the dark than a carefully
considered attempt to make a future for libraries.

19. Darien Statements
• weitere Kritik
– I can appreciate these very grandiose ideas that
connect us to Alexandria and libraries of yore … but
libraries evolve and change as society does. And
librarians, wonderful as we are and knowledgeable
as we may be, are not the driving force behind that
evolution. Society at large is. … This was a lovely
read that certainly made me feel like a Big,
Important Librarian (with caps, even!), but the world
is far too complex to think we somehow own the
patent on preserving the integrity civilization. The
idea made me smile, though.

20. Was muss man erwähnen
• Frage: working on lecture on american
academic libraries - what should i not neglect
to mention?
• Gestellt über Twitter und einen Blog …

21. Antworten
• change renders them panic-stricken
• The need for collaboration amongst academic
libraries. We cannot afford to participate in
the rivalry that exist between campuses. In
fact, I think this will be a huge realignment in
public universities as we acknowledge that
there is really not enough money to give to two
state universities to do the same things poorly
in competition with each other.

22. Antworten
• As libraries we have to press for open access and
technologies and licenses that promote open access.
• Particularly for a non-American audience, I think the
history of the American library (system) would be of
interest, especially those tidbits of history likely to be
largely unknown to them (or to practically all American
audiences, as well). Linkages with the ideals of free
access to information and the educative, elevating,
empowering, ennobling, and liberating potential of
access to information might be of great interest.

23. Antworten
• Another point is the relative extent to which librarians
are professionally organized in North America; likewise,
their self-consciousness, enthusiasm, professional
assertiveness and inclination towards advocacy. That
assertiveness can, by the way, in my opinion sometimes
go much too far -- particularly in terms of what they
consider to be their educative (or perhaps a better
word is "formative") mission. I can hardly imagine any
(at least Continental) European librarian claiming that
it is to librarians that one (e.g., students) should go in
order to learn what "critical thinking" is and how to
practice it. A grotesque example of collective
arrogance, it seems to me. …