Into the ZF2 Service Manager
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One of the most prolific parts of Zend Framework 2 is the Service Manager. Its many nooks and crannies dictate much of what happens inside our Zend Framework 2 applications and is incredibly powerful. Let's look into exactly what the Service Manager allows us to do and how we can take advantage of it for cleaner, and faster, code.
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Into the ZF2 Service Manager
- 1. Into the ZF2 Service Manager Chris Tankersley ZendCon 2015 ZendCon 2015 1
- 2. Who Am I • PHP Programmer for over 10 years • Been using ZF since ~0.5 • Daily ZF2 user • hBps://github.com/dragonmantank ZendCon 2015 2
- 3. A running joke… • “Symfony2 is a PHP script that turns YAML into applicaNons” • “Yeah, but Zend Framework 2 is a PHP script that turns arrays into applicaNons” ZendCon 2015 3
- 4. ZendCon 2015 4
- 5. It kind of is… ZendCon 2015 5 return [ 'service_manager' => [ 'initializers' => [ 'JobServiceJobServiceAwareInitializer' ], 'invokables' => [ 'JobProcessorListener' => 'JobProcessorProcessorListener', 'JobServiceAccountListener' => 'JobServiceJobServiceListener’ ], 'factories' => [ 'JobService' => 'JobServiceJobServiceFactory', 'JobProcessor' => 'JobProcessorProcessorFactory', ] ] ]
- 6. Theater Magic • When something awesome happens, but it’s really something mundane controlling it in the background • When it looks good from 25’ ZendCon 2015 6
- 7. The Service Manager ZendCon 2015 7
- 8. Service Locator • Container for storing objects or condiNons for building an object • Mostly it’s used to create objects • It does not do automaNc dependency injecNon • It is not global (unless you make it global) ZendCon 2015 8
- 9. What can we store in there? • Invokables • Factories • Abstract Factories • Delegators • IniNalizers • Aliases ZendCon 2015 9
- 10. Standalone $serviceManager = new ZendServiceManagerServiceManager(); $serviceManager-‐>setService(‘MyService’, $myService); $serviceManager-‐>has(‘MyService’); $service = $serviceManager-‐>get(‘MyService’); ZendCon 2015 10
- 11. Built into ZF2 full-stack applications • Anything that is ServiceLocatorAwareInterface can have it injected • Controllers are the most common ZendCon 2015 11 namespace ApplicationController; use ZendMvcControllerAbstractActionController; class IndexController extends AbstractActionController { public function indexAction() { $model = $this-‐>getServiceLocator()-‐>get(‘MyModel’); } }
- 12. Stuff we can get from the Service Manager ZendCon 2015 12
- 13. Invokables • Any sort of object that can be declared with ‘new’ and has no constructor parameters ZendCon 2015 13 class MyClass { public function foo() { ... } public function bar() { ... } } class SimpleConstructor { protected $name; public function __construct() { $this-‐>name = 'baz'; } }
- 14. In ZF2 return [ 'service_manager' => [ 'invokables' => [ 'JobProcessorProcessorListener' => 'JobProcessorProcessorListener', 'JobServiceAccountListener' => 'JobServiceJobServiceListener' ], ] ] ZendCon 2015 14
- 15. Quick Dependency Injection Tutorial ZendCon 2015 15
- 16. What is Dependency Injection? • InjecNng dependencies into classes, instead of having the class create it • Allows for much easier tesNng • Allows for a much easier Nme swapping out code • Reduces the coupling that happens between classes php[tek] 2015 16
- 17. Method Injection class MapService { public function getLatLong(GoogleMaps $map, $street, $city, $state) { return $map-‐>getLatLong($street . ' ' . $city . ' ' . $state); } public function getAddress(GoogleMaps $map, $lat, $long) { return $map-‐>getAddress($lat, $long); } } php[tek] 2015 17
- 18. Constructor Injection class MapService { protected $map; public function __construct(GoogleMaps $map) { $this-‐>map = $map; } public function getLatLong($street, $city, $state) { return $this -‐>map -‐>getLatLong($street . ' ' . $city . ' ' . $state); } } php[tek] 2015 18
- 19. Setter Injection class MapService { protected $map; public function setMap(GoogleMaps $map) { $this-‐>map = $map; } public function getMap() { return $this-‐>map; } public function getLatLong($street, $city, $state) { return $this-‐>getMap()-‐>getLatLong($street . ' ' . $city . ' ' . $state); } } php[tek] 2015 19
- 20. Back to the show ZendCon 2015 20
- 21. Factories • A Factory is an object/method is that is used to create other objects • ZF2 Service Manager will call the factory when an object is pulled out of the Service Manager ZendCon 2015 21
- 22. Why do we need factories? Dependencies ZendCon 2015 22
- 23. In ZF2 ZendCon 2015 23 return [ 'service_manager' => [ ’factories' => [ 'GoogleAdWordsAdWordsUserBuilder' => 'GoogleAdWordsGoogleAdWordsUserBuilderFactory', ], ] ]
- 24. ZendCon 2015 24 namespace GoogleAdWords; class GoogleAdWordsUserBuilder { public function __construct(array $config) { $this-‐>config = $config; } }
- 25. ZendCon 2015 25 namespace GoogleAdWords; use ZendServiceManagerFactoryInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorInterface; class GoogleAdWordsUserBuilderFactory implements FactoryInterface { public function createService(ServiceLocatorInterface $service) { $config = $service-‐>get('Config'); return new GoogleAdWordsUserBuilder($config[‘google’]); } }
- 26. Abstract Factories • They are factories, but they allow the creaNon of a broad range of objects instead of a single object • The factory will take addiNonal configuraNon to properly create the needed object ZendCon 2015 26
- 27. ZendCon 2015 27 <?php namespace MyProject; use ZendDbTableGatewayTableGateway; use ZendServiceManagerFactoryInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorInterface; class ProjectsTableFactory implements FactoryInterface { public function createService(ServiceLocatorInterface $serviceLocator) { $adapter = new $serviceLocator-‐>get('ZendDbAdapterAdapter'); return new TableGateway('projects', $adapter); } } class CategoriesTableFactory implements FactoryInterface { public function createService(ServiceLocatorInterface $serviceLocator) { $adapter = new $serviceLocator-‐>get('ZendDbAdapterAdapter'); return new TableGateway('categories', $adapter); } }
- 28. In ZF2 ZendCon 2015 28 return [ ’abstract_factories' => [ ’MyProjectTableAbstractFactory’ ] ]
- 29. ZendCon 2015 29 <?php namespace MyProject; use ZendDbTableGatewayTableGateway; use ZendServiceManagerAbstractFactoryInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorInterface; class TableAbstractFactory implements AbstractFactoryInterface { public function canCreateServiceWithName(ServiceLocatorInterface $sl, $name, $requestedName) { return preg_match("/Table$/", $requestedName); } public function createServiceWithName(ServiceLocatorInterface $sl, $name, $requestedName) { $adapter = $sl-‐>get('ZendDbAdapterAdapter'); $tableName = str_replace('Table', '', $requestedName); $tableName = strtolower($tableName); return new TableGateway($tableName, $adapter); } }
- 30. Initializers • Code that needs to run ajer an object is created • Really helpful for when lots of objects need addiNonal objects (like loggers) all across the applicaNon ZendCon 2015 30
- 31. In ZF2 ZendCon 2015 31 return [ ’initalizers' => [ ’JobServiceJobServiceAwareInitializer’ ] ]
- 32. ZendCon 2015 32 <?php namespace JobService; use ZendServiceManagerInitializerInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorAwareInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorInterface; class JobServiceAwareInitializer implements InitializerInterface { public function initialize($instance, ServiceLocatorInterface $serviceLocator) { if (!$instance instanceof JobServiceAwareInterface) { return null; } /** @var JobServiceJobService $jobService */ $jobService = $serviceLocator-‐>get('JobService'); $instance-‐>setJobService($jobService); } }
- 33. Delegators • They are actually decorators for objects that don’t exist • They are like iniNalizers that only run on a specific key • Allow your applicaNon to tweak or modify 3rd party objects without having to extend them ZendCon 2015 33
- 34. In ZF2 ZendCon 2015 34 return [ ’delgators' => [ ’OtherVendorAccountAccountService’ => [ ‘MyProjectAccountAccountServiceDelegator’, ] ] ]
- 35. ZendCon 2015 35 <?php namespace MyProject; use ZendServiceManagerDelegatorFactoryInterface; use ZendServiceManagerServiceLocatorInterface; class AccountServiceDelegator implements DelegatorFactoryInterface { public function createDelegatorWithName(ServiceLocatorInterface $sl, $name, $requestedName, $callback) { $originalService = $callback(); $accountService = new MyProjectAccountAccountService($originalService); return $accountService; } }
- 36. Aliases • Just another name for some other key in the service manager ZendCon 2015 36
- 37. In ZF2 ZendCon 2015 37 return [ ’aliases' => [ ’MyProjectAccountOldAccountService’ => ‘MyProjectAccountNewAccountService’, ] ]
- 38. Bad Practices ZendCon 2015 38
- 39. Lots of Initializers • IniNalizers run ajer every object is created • 30 iniNalizers * 50 objects created at runNme = 1500 invocaNons • Look at using Factories instead to inject things into your objects • Look at using Delegators ZendCon 2015 39
- 40. Functions as Factories • The Factory system will actually take any invokable thing as a factory • That means you can use closures and anonymous classes ZendCon 2015 40
- 41. ZendCon 2015 41 return [ 'factories' => array( 'CategoryService' => function($sm) { $categoryService = new CategoryService(); $categoryService-‐>setCategoryTable($sm-‐>get('CategoryTable')); return $categoryService; }, 'CategoryTable' => function($sm) { $tableGateway = $sm-‐>get('CategoryTableGateway'); $table = new CategoryTable($tableGateway); return $table; }, 'CategoryTableGateway' => function($sm) { $dbAdapter = $sm-‐>get('ZendDbAdapterAdapter'); $resultSetPrototype = new ResultSet(); $resultSetPrototype-‐>setArrayObjectPrototype(new Category()); return new TableGateway('category', $dbAdapter, null, $resultSetPrototype); }, ]
- 42. Functions as Factories • This makes the config uncachable, so there are performance issues ZendCon 2015 42
- 43. Questions? ZendCon 2015 43
- 44. Thank You! hBp://ctankersley.com chris@ctankersley.com @dragonmantank hBp://joind.in/talk/view/15534 ZendCon 2015 44