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Linux Introduction
Operating system
An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the
computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen,
The other programs are called applications or application programs.
Users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as
a command line or a graphical user interface (GUI).
For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and
powers. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that
unauthorized users do not access the system.
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Linux History
• In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was the dominated OS for PC Apple
•
• MAC was better, but expensive both DOS, MAC and UNIX were proprietary,
i.e., the source code of their kernel is protected
• No modification is possible without paying high license fees
– In Sept 1991, Linus Torvalds, a second year student of Computer Science at the
University of Helsinki, developed the preliminary kernel of Linux, known as Linux
version 0.0.1
– It’s an open source operating system
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Why Linux
• One of the greatest benefits of using Linux is that you can get it for free. Not only is
Linux free, but you will find a lot of free software for it for productivity and gaming.
• As many people will tell you, Linux may require more effort on your part to make
things work. If you like playing with things or learning about computers, this is great.
If not, you might struggle with it.
• Linux community offers the security fixes for any technical or security threat that
encounters. Moreover, Linux users also offer regular kernel updates and regular
security patches. In this regard, it is not mandatory for you to have an anti-virus
program for your system
• Users do not run as administrators all the time, so actions which affect the system
must be explicitly allowed. Software cannot be installed unless a user says, as
administrator, to explicitly allow that to happen, so viruses cannot install themselves
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Features & Advantages
• It comes inclusive of drivers :- Ever experienced some difficulties when using
windows only to be told that some of the drivers are missing in your system? Linux
saves you a time you have to spend moving from one shop to another for drivers. It
saves you money as well. Most of the drivers are included in Linux operating system.
No need to hassle and stress for drivers.
• Smooth and easy Updating Process:- Linux updates both the OS and the applications
that are installed in your system. Besides, when compared to windows that need your
system to shut down Linux updates are just a matter of click.
• Linux is speedy:- Since Linux is lightweight, it is therefore far much speedy
compared to any other operating system. In any business operation or gaming
experience, time is the most crucial factor.
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Features & Advantages cont..
• Linux has a community support:- You have a platform where you can share
everything with fellow users. You get to know more through the frequently asked
questions. Moreover, any question that you have can be dropped and get the answers
that you need.
• Linux features a powerful word processing program:- Libre Office is a powerful word
processing program that comes with Linux. You can use it for free in editing, opening
and send Microsoft documents. You, therefore, save more and more dollars you could
spend buying such a program.
• Linux offers you a chance to download a lot of free tools:-By just a click of a button,
you can get access to thousands of tools and programs. This is a big added
advantage over the windows operating system. It is the best way to transform your
serving experience.
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Directory Tree/ Structure
• /-the home directory for the super user "root"
• /tmp- Temporary files
• /media-Default mount point for removable devices, such as USB
• /usr-user programs installs here (Program files)
• /home-Root directories for all the users of Linux
• /proc- Process information
• /boot- Contains all the important files which are required for booting
• /bin-stands for "binaries and contains certain fundamental utilities
• /etc-Contains system-wide configuration files and systems databases
• /dev- stands for devices
• Basic Commands
• Advanced commands
• When you log on the Linux OS using your username you are automatically located in your
home directory.
