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ŽƵƌƐĞ dŝƚůĞ ͗ ŝƐĐƌĞƚĞ DĂƚŚĞŵĂƚŝĐƐ
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ŶƐǁĞƌ Ăůů ƋƵĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ͘ WůĞĂƐĞ ŐŽ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ ŐŝǀĞŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĂƚ ŽĨ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͘
YƵĞƐƚŝŽŶ ϭ͗
ZĞĂĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƉĂƐƐĂŐĞ ĐĂƌĞĨƵůůLJ ĂŶĚ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽůůŽǁ͗
dŚĂŶĂƚŽƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐŽĚ ŽĨ ĚĞĂƚŚ͕ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ĚĞŝƚŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŬ ƉĂŶƚŚĞŽŶ͘
ƌŽŵ dŚĂŶĂƚŽƐ ǁĞ ŐĞƚ ͞ƚŚĂŶĂƚŽƉŚŽďŝĂ͗͟ ƚŚĞ ĂďŶŽƌŵĂů͕ ŝƌƌĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĨĞĂƌ ŽĨ ĚĞĂƚŚ͘ /ƚ ŵĂLJ ďĞ
ĨĞĂƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů ĂŐŽŶLJ ŽĨ ĚLJŝŶŐ͖ Žƌ ƚŚĞ ĨĞĂƌ ŽĨ ŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŶĞƐƐ ĂĨƚĞƌ ĚĞĂƚŚ͘ /Ĩ ƐƵĐŚ
ĨĞĂƌ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ĂŶ ŽďƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐƌŝƉƉůĞƐ ŶŽƌŵĂů ůŝĨĞ͕ ƉƐLJĐŚŝĂƚƌŝĐ ŚĞůƉ ŵĂLJ ďĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ͘
ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ŵŽƌĞ ĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌ ǁŽƌĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƌŽŽƚ ŝƐ ͞ĞƵƚŚĂŶĂƐŝĂ͘͟ /Ŷ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŝƚ ŝƐ
ĐĂůůĞĚ ͞ŵĞƌĐLJ ŬŝůůŝŶŐ͘͟ /ƚ ĐĂŶ ŵĞĂŶ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJ ĐĂƵƐŝŶŐ ĚĞĂƚŚ ďLJ ůĞƚŚĂů ĚƌƵŐƐ ;ĂĐƚŝǀĞͿ Žƌ
ǁŝƚŚŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ;ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞͿ͘ dŚĞ EĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ůŝďĞƌĂů ŝŶ ĂĐĐĞƉƚŝŶŐ
ĞƵƚŚĂŶĂƐŝĂ ĂƐ Ă ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚŝĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ƵƚĐŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞƵƚŚĂŶĂƐŝĂ ƉĂǀĞĚ
ƚŚĞ ǁĂLJ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĚĞďĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĨŽƌŵ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ǁŽƌůĚ͘
/Ŷ ϭϵϳϭ͕ ƚŚĞ ƵƚĐŚ ƉŚLJƐŝĐŝĂŶ 'ĞĞƌƚƌƵĚĂ WŽƐƚŵĂ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ Ă ůĞƚŚĂů ĚŽƐĞ ŽĨ ŵĞĚŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŽ
ĞŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŝĨĞ ŽĨ ŚĞƌ ϳϴͲLJĞĂƌͲŽůĚ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ͘ ^ŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƚƚĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚŝĞƐ͘ ^ŚĞ ǁĂƐ
ĐŚĂƌŐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĞƌĐLJ ŬŝůůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƐ ŐŝǀĞŶ Ă ƐƵƐƉĞŶĚĞĚ ƐĞŶƚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŽŶĞ ǁĞĞŬ͘ /Ŷ ϭϵϴϰ͕ ƌ
W͘͘ ^ĐŚŽŽŶŚĞŝŵ ĞƵƚŚĂŶŝnjĞĚ ŚŝƐ ϴϱͲLJĞĂƌͲŽůĚ ƉĂƚŝĞŶƚ͕ ǁŚŽ ŚĂĚ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ƐŝŐŶĞĚ Ă ͞ůŝǀŝŶŐ ǁŝůů͟
ĂƐŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĞƵƚŚĂŶŝnjĞĚ ŝĨ ƐŚĞ ĐŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƚƵƌŶ ƚŽ Ă ĚŝŐŶŝĨŝĞĚ ůŝĨĞ͘ tŚĞŶ ƐŚĞ ŬŶĞǁ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĞƌ
ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ďůĞĂŬ͕ ƐŚĞ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƉƵƚ ƚŽ ƐůĞĞƉ ͞ĂƐ ƐŽŽŶ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘͟ dŚĞ ĚŽĐƚŽƌ
ĂĐĐĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŚĞƌ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŶ ŶŽƚŝĨŝĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚŝĞƐ͘
/Ŷ ŚŝƐ ĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƚŽƌ ƉůĞĂĚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĞ ŚĂĚ Ă ĐŽŶĨůŝĐƚ ŽĨ ĚƵƚŝĞƐ͕ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŚŝƐ ĚƵƚLJ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ƉĂƚŝĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐ ůĞŐĂů ĚƵƚLJ ŶŽƚ ƚŽ Ŭŝůů͘ dŚĞ ƵƚĐŚ ^ƵƉƌĞŵĞ ŽƵƌƚ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĞĂ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĨůŝĐƚ
ŽĨ ĚƵƚLJ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŝƌƌĞƐŝƐƚŝďůĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚLJ͘ DĞĂŶƚŝŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ZŽLJĂů ƵƚĐŚ DĞĚŝĐĂů ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ
ůŝƐƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ƚŽ ďĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ ƌĞƐŽƌƚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞƵƚŚĂŶĂƐŝĂ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚŝĞŶƚ͛Ɛ
ĞdžƉůŝĐŝƚ͕ ƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĨƵůů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ͖ ŚŽƉĞůĞƐƐ ƐƵĨĨĞƌŝŶŐ͖ ĂďƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĂŶLJ
ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĞ͖ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ Ă ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ƉŚLJƐŝĐŝĂŶ͘
ƵƚŚĂŶĂƐŝĂ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ h^ ŝƐ ĐůŽƐĞůLJ ůŝŶŬĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŶĂŵĞ ƌ ĞǀŽƌŬŝĂŶ͘ ,Ğ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ͞Ă ĚĞĂƚŚ
ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ͟ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂůůLJ ŝůů ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĐĂŶ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌ ƚŽ ĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ĚĞĂƚŚ͘ ĞǀŽƌŬŝĂŶ ĐĂůůĞĚ
ŝƚ ͞ƚŚĂŶĂƚƌŽŶ͘͟ dǁŽ ƉĂƚŝĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚŝƐ ŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ͘ Ƶƚ ƚŚĞŶ ŚŝƐ ůŝĐĞŶĐĞ ǁĂƐ ƌĞǀŽŬĞĚ
ĂŶĚ ŚĞ ŚĂĚ ŶŽ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĂŶĂƚƌŽŶ͘ ,Ğ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ͞ŵĞƌĐŝƚƌŽŶ͕͟ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƵƐĞƐ
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