Types of research

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3. The term ‘Research’ consists of two words:
Research = Re + Search
‘Re’ means again and again and ‘Search’ means to find out
something, the following is the process:
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4. 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or
a
group
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables
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7. MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits
2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems, i.e., concern over
practical problems initiates research
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
4. Desire to be of service to society
5. Desire to get respectability.
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Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon
being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.
The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the
variables;
he can only report what has happened or what is happening.
for example,
•frequency of shopping,
•preferences of people, or similar data.

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Analytical research is a specific type of research that involves critical thinking skills
and the evaluation of facts and information relative to the research being conducted.
A variety of people including students,
doctors and psychologists use analytical
research during studies to find the most
relevant information.
From analytical research, a person finds out critical details to add new ideas to the
material being produced

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Applied research aims at
finding a solution for an
immediate problem
facing a society or an
industrial/business
organisation,

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Basic research, also called pure research or fundamental research, is
scientific research aimed to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or
prediction of natural or other phenomena.
“Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or ‘basic’ research.

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Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is
applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.

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Qualitative research, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e.,
phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind. For instance, when we are interested in
investigating the reasons for human behaviour
(i.e., why people think or do certain things)

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Conceptual research is that related to some abstract idea(s) or theory. It is generally used
by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
The conceptual researcher sits at his desk with pen in hand and tries to solve these
problems by thinking about them. He does no experiments but may make use of
observations by others, since this is the mass of data that he is trying to make sense of.
Until fairly recently, conceptual research was considered the most honorable form of
research—it required using the brain, not the hands.

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Empirical research is based on
observed and measured phenomena and
derives knowledge from actual
experience rather than from theory or
belief.

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All other types of research are variations of one or more of the above stated
approaches, based on either the purpose of research, or the time required to
accomplish research, on the environment in which research is done, or on the basis of
some other similar factor

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A longitudinal survey is a co relational research study that involves repeated observations
of the same variables over long periods of time, often many decades.

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The research is confined to a single time-period

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Laboratory research is research that is conducted in a room or room or building
equipped for scientific experimentation or research. Laboratory research attempts to
investigate naturally occurring behaviors under controlled conditions with manipulated
variables.
Field-setting research or Laboratory
research or Simulation research

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The research interests of the group focus on the development and investigation of
methods for evaluating medical tests in healthcare, including both primary and
secondary research

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Exploratory research is research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly
defined. It often occurs before we know enough to make conceptual distinctions or posit
an explanatory relationship.
Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and
selection of subjects.

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Historical research is that which utilizes historical sources like
documents, remains, etc. to study events or ideas of the past, including the
philosophy of persons and groups at any remote point of time.

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While doing conclusion oriented research, a researcher is free to pick up a problem,
redesign the enquiry as he proceeds and is prepared to conceptualize as he wishes.

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Decision-oriented research is always for the need of a decision maker and the
researcher in this case is not free to embark upon research according to his own
inclination.
Operations research is an example of decision oriented research since it is a scientific
method of providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions
regarding operations under their control.

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