Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1943–1992 for class X

2.  Yugoslavia was a country in the western
part
of Southeast Europe.
 Before 3rd October 1929 it was known as
the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
which was established on 1 December 1918
by the union of the State of Slovenes,
Croats
and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia.
 Yugoslavia was commonly called a
"Versailles
state“
 It was invaded by the Axis powers on 17
April 1941 and disintegrated it.

3. Josip Broz Tito
• Josip Broz Tito was the leader of the Yugoslav Partisans , at the beginning of
the Cold War, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality after the Tito–Stalin
split of 1948, and became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned
Movement.
• Hi s successful economic and diplomatic policies were viewed as a unifying
symbol.
• Tito's death in May 1980 was the first and perhaps most
significant of the causes. It was often said that he was
'likened to a great oak tree, in the shade of whose immense
branches nothing else could grow.‘
• But it was this command and control that he had over the
area, which was responsible for its stability; therefore it is
not surprising that as 'Tito's health began to deteriorate,
federal institutions deteriorated with him.'

4.  The Breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as
a
result of a series of political upheavals
and
conflicts.
 Communism fell in Eastern Europe nationalism began to rise.
 The authoritarian rule of Josip Broz Tito was the main reason that was
preventing the aspirations for breaking the Yugoslavia. Tito through his
political engagement did a lot on the creation and strengthening of the
Yugoslav state and Yugoslav nation.
 The economic factor also did not go in favor of the proponents of the
Yugoslav state.
 Despite the strong post-war industrial development and modernization
of the state, Yugoslavia was forced to take significant amount of money
as a loan from the Western European countries.
 Inside the country itself, it came to a significant economic gap between
developed west and poor east where people were living mainly from
state financial aid..

5.  The decline of communist ideology in the
rest of Europe in the 1980s lead to the
severe weakening of Yugoslavia's crucial
unifying factors.
 In addition, Yugoslavia in the 1980s
increasingly suffered from an
unprecedented Economic Crisis.
 This crisis was triggered by the oil shocks of the 1970s, the global recession of
the 1980s and a $US20 billion foreign debt.
 This caused Slovenia and other relatively economically prosperous regions to
push for economic and political change.
 Slovenia had significant economic weight as while it comprised only eight
percent of the nation's population it produced 20 percent of the national GNP.
Without a powerful central figure, differences between reformers and
conservatives produced a deadlock at the center during the early and mid
1980s.
 The economy thus continued its decline allowing conservative groups time to
mobilize support.
 The federal government has failed to respond to the new circumstances and all
the weaknesses of the existing political system came to the surface.

6. • Yugoslav communists were trying to build a strong
state by placing the Yugoslav nation as a counter
weight to ethnic tensions that existed in society at
the time. Unfortunately, nationalist tensions
escalated in the early nineties and it was clear that
the idea of the Yugoslav nation has experienced
collapse.
• On 31 January 1946, the new constitution of
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, modeled
after the Soviet Union, established six republics, an
autonomous province, and an autonomous district
that were part of SR Serbia. The federal capital was
Belgrade.
• 1991 & 1992 Slovenia and Croatia Macedonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina each declare independence.
• Serbia and Montenegro form the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia.
• Finally Yugoslavia disintegrated to form 6
independent countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and
Slovenia.

7.  So we conclude that the disintegration of
 Far from contributing to peace and stability, the policy and
actions of Western powers undermined the federal
institutions that held Yugoslavia together and then
prevented compromise solutions, between and within
republics, that could have minimized the conflict.
 These weaknesses were fully exposed, and regional and
ethnic divisions consolidated, as a variety of external
diplomatic, economic, political and military interventions
by major Western powers and international institutions
undermined regional mechanisms of conflict resolution.

8. Made by: Chhavi Bansal
X-D