Robert Zougmore, CCAFS West Africa RPL, presenting CCAFS Capacity Building Strategy for WA at WASCAL Advisory Boards Meeting.

1. WASCAL MRP/GRP Advisory Boards Meeting November 20 - 21, 2012, Elmina, Ghana
Climate Change, Agriculture and
Food Security Program (CCAFS):
overview and capacity building strategy for WA
Robert Zougmoré
West Africa Program Leader CCAFS

2. 2 • 3/21/11
Outline
1. The global and African challenges
2. Program design
3. Themes
4. Capacity building in CCAFS
5. Collaboration with WASCAL

3. Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and
Climate Change
• “Business as usual in our globally
interconnected food system will not
bring us food security and environmental
sustainability”
• “The window of opportunity to avert a
humanitarian, environmental and climate
crisis is rapidly closing”
Beddington et al. (2012) Science 335: 289-290 www.ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

4. Challenge 1:
Food security

5. A billion people go hungry
Another billion suffer nutrient deficiencies
Another billion over-consume
In 15 years time there will be another
billion people to feed

6. With current trajectories of populations & diets
100% (+/- 11%) more food by 2050
This has major implications for
land cover change
Tilman et al 2011
Proc. National Academy Science

7. Challenge 2: Adaptation to CC

8. Signs of Hope:
Rehabilitation, Prevention

9. IPCC PROJECTIONS FOR AFRICA
• CO2 enrichment
• Temperature increase of 1.5 to 4 ⁰C in this century
• Fewer colder days and nights
• Frequent hot days and nights
• Arid areas will become drier, humid areas wetter
• Increase in droughts and floods
• Sea level rise
• High levels of desertification and soil salinization in
some countries

10. Length of growing season
is likely to decline..
Length of growing
period (%)
>20% loss
To 2090, taking 18 5-20% loss
climate models No change
5-20% gain
Four degree rise >20% gain
Thornton et al. (2010) Proc. National Academy Science

11. Crop suitability will fall in many areas
% change
-95 to -31
-30 to -11 50 crops, to 2050
-10 to -1
0
1 to 29
30 to 47
48 to 98
Andrew Jarvis, CIAT/CCAFS

12. Historical impacts on wheat (1980-2008)
Changes in growing season temperature
China
India
US
% Yield impact
Russia
for wheat France
Global
Lobell et al (2011)

13. • Greater frequency of extreme events
• More severe extreme events

14. Climate change will add
greatly to price increases…
% price increase 2010-2050
Maize Rice Wheat
Nelson et al., 2010 IFPRI

15. Impact of weather shocks
Oxfam (2012) based on D. Willenbockel (2012)

16. Environmental challenge

17. 19-29%
global
GHGs from
food
systems
Vermeulen et al. 2012
Annual Review of Environment and Resources (in press)

18. 18 • 3/21/11
Program
Design

19. 19 • 3/21/11
CCAFS: the
partnership
The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) is a
strategic collaboration between the Consultative
Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR) and the Earth System Science
Partnership (ESSP).

20. 20 • 3/21/11
CCAFS in WA:
working in
partnership
Regional organizations
(e.g. CORAF, FARA, ASARECA)
Continental initiatives (e.g.
CAADP, ECOWAP,, PAU)
Meteorological, development,
capacity organizations
(e.g. AGRHYMET, NMO)
National research & extension
State sectoral institutions
NGOs, Private sector, FOs

21. 21 • 3/21/11
CCAFS objectives
1. Identify and develop pro-poor
adaptation and mitigation
practices, technologies and
policies for agriculture and food
systems.
2. Support the inclusion of agricultural
issues in climate change policies,
and of climate issues in agricultural
policies, at all levels.

22. 22 • 3/21/11
The CCAFS Framework
Adapting Agriculture to
Climate Variability and Change
Technologies, practices, partnerships and
policies for:
Improved
1.Adaptation to Progressive Climate Environmental Improved
Change Health Rural
2.Adaptation through Managing Climate Livelihoods
Risk Improved
3.Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation Food
Security
4. Integration for Decision Making
•Linking Knowledge with Action
•Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis and
Planning
•Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis
Enhanced adaptive capacity
in agricultural, natural
resource management, and
food systems

23. 23 • 3/21/11
THE VISION
To adapt farming
systems, we need
to:
• Close the
production gap
by effectively
Progressive
using current
technologies,
practices and
Adaptation
policies
• Increase the
bar: develop new
ways to increase
food production
potential
• Enable policies
and institutions,
from the farm to
national level

24. 24 • 3/21/11
Adaptation to progressive climate change · 1
Objective One:
Adapted farming systems via integrated
technologies, practices, and policies
Objective Two:
Breeding strategies to address abiotic and
biotic stresses induced by future climates
Objective Three:
Identification, conservation, and deployment of
species and genetic diversity

25. 25 • 3/21/11
Adaptation to progressive climate change · 1
1.1 1.2 1.3
Adapted Breeding strategies Species and
farming systems for climate stresses genetic diversity
• Holistic testing of • Climate-proofed • Knowledge for better
farming options global and national use of germplasm for
(benchmark sites) breeding strategies adaptation
• Agricultural • Regional fora to • On-farm use of
knowledge transfer
discuss and set diversity to adapt
• Analysis of priorities
enabling policies and • Policies of access for
instit. mechanisms benefit sharing

26. 26 • 3/21/11
Farm of the Future
Approach
Strengthen the adaptive capacity of farmers and AIS
to climate change using climate analogue tools and
adaptation practices (learning opportunities)

27. 27 • 3/21/11
Multi-site agricultural trial
database(agtrial.org)
New data
• Over 3,000 trials
• 16 crops
• 20 countries
• > 15 international
and national
institutions

28. 28 • 3/21/11
THE VISION
• Climate-related
risk impedes
development,
leading to chronic
poverty and
dependency
• Actions taken
now can reduce
Risk
vulnerability in the
short term and
enhance resilience
Management
in the long term
•Improving current
climate risk
management will
reduce obstacles
to making future
structural
adaptations.

29. 29 • 3/21/11
Managing Climate Risk · 2
Objective One:
Building resilient livelihoods (Farm level)
Objective Two:
Food delivery, trade, and crisis response
(Food system level)
Objective Three:
Enhanced climate information and services

30. 30 • 3/21/11
Managing Climate Risk · 2
2.1 2.2 2.3
Building resilient Food delivery, trade, Climate information
livelihoods and crisis response and services
• Designed • Manage price info.
diversification volatility via trade • Historical data
• Index-based risk and storage reconstruction
• Downscaled, tailored
transfer • Improved early seasonal forecast predictions
• Anticipatory warning systems • Monitor and forecast crops,
mgmt, aided by rangelands, pests & diseases
forecasts and • Coordin. platform
services
communications • Food safety nets • Institutional arrangements
• Participatory • Post-crisis • Communication processes
action research recovery • Capacity bldg for providers

31. Scaling up climate
31 • 3/21/11
information services
- Strengthen the capacity of NHMS in forecasting
- Tailor climate information to the needs of farmers
- 42 participants (NHMS) staff trained to
produce seasonal forecasts (ECOWAS
countries, Agrhymet, ACMAD)
− Forecast bulletin produced
disseminated
- 140 participants (33 women) (farmers,
extension, NGOs staff) trained (Ségou,
Yatenga, Kaffrine) to understanding
seasonal forecast information & make
management decisions.
- Evaluation of the seasonal forecast
results with the farmers

32. 32 • 3/21/11
VISION Pro-poor
Short-term:
Identifying
options feasible
Mitigation
for smallholder
mitigation and
trade-offs with
other outcomes
Long-term:
Addressing
conflict between
achieving food
security and
agricultural
mitigation

33. 33 • 3/21/11
Pro-poor climate change mitigation · 3
Objective One:
Identify low-carbon agricultural development
pathways
Objective Two:
Develop incentives and institutional
arrangements
Objective Three:
Develop on-farm technological options for
mitigation and research landscape implications

34. 34 • 3/21/11
Pro-poor climate change mitigation · 3
3.1 3.2 3.3
Low-carbon Incentives and On-farm
development pathways instit. arrangements mitigation options
• Evaluate lowest • Test feasibility of • Test technological
carbon footprints for: carbon market for feasibility of
food production, smallholders, smallholder mitigation
adaptation, energy focusing on best bets on farms
production, sustainable
(SE Asia, Latin Amer) • Dvlpt cost-effective,
intensification, poverty
alleviation • Assess potential simple, integrated
• Assess impacts of non-market options MRV.
current policies • Assess impacts on • Assess impacts of
• Develop coherent marginalized groups all GHGs through
vision to guide agric and women their lifecycles.
dvlpt

35. Need to developing a shared protocol for
35 • 3/21/11
GHG emissions
Scale and boundaries
Landscapes
Knowledge generation &
Farming systems information exchange
Linking to
Plot
yields and
food
Management security
& activity data
Measurement equipment
Mixed production systems
ICRAF, ILRI, IRRI, ICRISAT, FAO, University of Hohenheim, Global Research Alliance for
Agricultural Greenhouse Gases
CP

36. 36 • 3/21/11
VISION
•Provide an
analytical and
diagnostic
framework,
grounded in the
policy context
• Synthesize
lessons learned
•Effectively
engage with rural
stakeholders and
decision makers
•Communicate
likely effects of
specific policies
and interventions
Integration
•Build partners’
capacity
For Decision-Making

37. 37 • 3/21/11
T2: Risk
Management
T3: Pro-poor
Mitigation
Rural
Environment
Livelihoods
Food
Security

38. 38 • 3/21/11
Objective One:
Linking knowledge with
action
Objective Two:
Data and tools for analysis
and planning
Objective Three:
Refining frameworks for
policy analysis

39. 39 • 3/21/11
Integration for Decision Making · 4
4.1 4.2 4.3
Linking knowledge Data and tools for Frameworks for policy
with action analysis and planning analysis
• Regional scenarios • Integrated • Assess CC impacts at
• Vulnerability assessment framework, global & regional levels
assessments toolkits, and databases on: producers,
to assess CC impacts consumers, natural
• Approaches to resources, and
decision making • Baselines, data international transactions
informed by good generation & collation,
scoping studies, and • Analyze likely effects of
science
tool development scientific adap. and mitig.
• Approaches to options, national policies
benefit vulnerable, • Socially-differentiated
• Analyze differential
disadvantaged decision aids and info
impacts of options on
groups for different different social groups
stakeholders

40. Regional socio-economic
scenarios for West Africa
What has been done?
Policy driver
• Four scenarios have been created Short-term Long-term
with actors from governments, private priorities priorities
sector, civil society, academia and Governments
A slow and
Dominant Force
Actors
facilitate short-
State
media including support from regional term gain: cash, painful transition
to sustainable
bodies ECOWAS and CORAF carbon and
states
calories
Ungoverned, quick A struggle
Non-state
• Scenarios explore food security, and chaotic between civil
Actors
environmental change and livelihoods development; society and the
dealing with crises private sector that
under different contexts of state, at the expense of is ultimately
private sector and civil society power investment productive
and policy priorities
• Scenarios inform global agricultural economic models (IMPACT,
GLOBIOM) linked to climate models

41. Focusing on women farmers
• Climate-related shocks have had much greater negative
impacts on women than men
• Women have less access to climate information than men
• Women crucial for food security – when have more
power, access and earnings, then more income allocated
to food, child nutrition and education

42. The CGIAR Research Centers
Where is the research being done?
>> At our 15 CG centers and ~70 regional offices
Lead center - CIAT

43. Place-based field research work
Indo-
Gangetic
Plains:
There is risk of heat
West stress, melting
Africa: East glaciers, and sea level
Extreme rainfall variability Africa: rise; the intensity and
impedes precipitation Climate change will probability of extreme
predictions, but the Sahel likely intensify events will likely
will likely experience surface and increase.
shorter growing periods. groundwater stress.
Regional director:
Regional director: Regional director: Pramod Aggarwal
Robert Zougmoré James Kinyangi

44. Research user
driven for Science
PARTICIPATORY
ACTION RESEARCH
Objective: Test, adapt
and monitor strategic
innovations supporting
climate-smart agriculture
FO/CBO
Approach: particular actions,
interventions tested and NGOs PRIVATE
implemented simultaneously
with local partners, researchers CCAFS
& development workers (CGIAR
cooperating closely NARES
+ ESSP) RECs
(CILSS,
ARIs
INSAH,
UNIVs etc.)
PARTNERS CSO

45. What is Climate Smart Agriculture?
Agriculture that sustainably:
1. increases productivity
2. resilience (adaptation)
3. reduces GHG (mitigation)
And enhances achievement of
national food security and
development goals (FAO, 2010)
WWW.FAO.ORG/CLIMATECHANGE/CLIMATESMART/EN

46. Capacity building in CCAFS

47. Capacity enhancement in CCAFS
A Definition
People or organizations
increasing their own ability to
achieve their objectives
effectively and efficiently.
The CCAFS Vision
• Adaptation requires embedded
local capacity, not external solutions
• CCAFS aims to enhance both
(a) research capacities and (b)
capacities to link knowledge and
action

48. Capacity enhancement in CCAFS
For research partners to generate
useful data, tools, and results.
Post-grad students, meteorological services,
climate and agricultural research institutes,
field workers...
e.g. CLIFF Climate Food and Farming
Network
For policy partners to demand and
use data, tools, and results.
Governments (policy makers, climate
negotiators), civil society, development
organizations, farmers’ organizations, private
sector.
e.g. User-driven regional scenarios

49. Examples of global capacity
enhancement work in CCAFS
Researchers’ capacity: The Climate Food and
Farming Research Network (CLIFF) supports
PhD fieldwork & links students to the
development of a global GHG protocol for
smallholders www.cliff.life.ku.dk
Research users’ capacity: The Food Climate
Research Network (FCRN) provides updates
on research and practice for practitioners, & a
forum for problem-solving www.fcrn.org.uk

50. CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGY IN WA
Enable stakeholders to effectively using scientific knowledge,
tools & methods for informed planning & decision making
Focus on capacity of research (NARS, Universities…) and
ability of countries’ negotiators and CSOs, farmers’
organizations, to contribute effectively to debates in the
international arena:
Short-term capacity building: train people in the skills needed
to undertake the research.
Long-term capacity building: liaise with other actors who can
help develop curricula and provide graduate training (e.g.
WASCAL).
Working relationships with regional & national actors (e.g.
AGRHYMET-INSAH-CILSS) contribute to strengthen their
capacity -and that of national partners- to accomplish their
mandate of reducing climate risks for improved food security.

51. CCAFS and WASCAL
• Possibilities for masters & PhDs in CCAFS PAR
research work (collaboration with Univ.)
• Additional research themes of good match for
WASCAL-sponsored PhD students (CCAFS TLs)
• Access to CCAFS sites
• Access to data sets,
• Access to CCAFS publications (report series,
working papers, etc.)
• Access to meetings, national/regional networks
• Start–up logistics/contacts/introductions/advice

52. WASCAL MRP/GRP Advisory Boards Meeting November 20 - 21, 2012, Elmina, Ghana
www.ccafs.org; infoccafswa@cgiar.org