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- 2. Achieving New and More Mature Relations with Age-Mates Teens begin to mature sexually and develop strong interests in themselves in relation to the opposite sex. Deeply occupied with social activities and experimentation. The Chocolate War by Robert Cormier
- 3. Achieving a Proper Masculine or Feminine Social Role Begin to understand and develop an acceptable adult social role. Seek out acceptable role models. Out of Control by Norma Fox Mazer
- 4. Adapting to Physical Changes Begin to learn what the body will be like as an adult: short, tall, wide, narrow, etc. Begin to develop pride and tolerance for one’s body. Develop the ability to use and protect the body satisfactorily. One Fat Summer by Robert Lipsyte Staying Fat For Sarah Byrnes by Chris Crutcher
- 5. Independence from Parents and Adults Achieve emotional independence from parents and other adults. Find the balance between the security of childhood and the independence of adulthood. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
- 6. Preparing for Marriage and Family Develop strong attractions between sexes. Begin to entertain the possibility of marriage and family. The First Part Last by Angela Johnson
- 7. Preparing for a Career Begin to see the need for economic independence. Understand financial concerns and the need to make a living and find a career. Make Lemonade by Virginia Euwer Wolff
- 8. Acquiring a Personal Ideology Develop a value system to guide ethical decisions. Begin to sample worldviews, religions, politics, and philosophical perspectives. Nothing But the Truth by Avi
- 9. Achieving Social Responsibility Discover one’s role in relation to social groups and participate as a member of the community. Discover that one’s personal beliefs, desires and behaviors can affect groups beyond one’s own family. The Giver, The Messenger by Lois Lowry
- 10. Achieving Social Responsibility Discover one’s role in relation to social groups and participate as a member of the community. Discover that one’s personal beliefs, desires and behaviors can affect groups beyond one’s own family. The Giver, The Messenger by Lois Lowry
Notas do Editor
- Havinghurst outlines lifetime developmental tasks for healthy adolescents. In his view the principal needs of adolescence are emotional and social development rather than intellectual growth.
- School is the primary arena where this socialization takes place. Gaining the approval of peers of both sexes becomes a powerful influence on the behavior of adolescents. Failing or delaying this developmental task results in poor social adjustment, and interferes with progress in other developmental tasks. Delay may mean an unhappy adolescence but not a permanent inability to achieve mature adulthood. In The Chocolate War,the struggle between Jerry, Archie and the Vigils forces Jerry to take a difficult stand. He discovers a great deal about himself and his relationship to his peers in this deeply disturbing look at life at a private school.
- Achieving an acceptable masculine or feminine social role becomes complicated by contemporary standards. Acceptable traditional role models are more difficult to find, and sometimes what an acceptable role is becomes unclear. In Out of Control, three “all-American boys” Rollo, Brig, and Candy, nicknamed the “Lethal Threesome,” have been best friends since grade school. They seem to have everything going for them, brains, popularity, athletic ability, school leadership positions. Despite all of this they are threatened by the beautiful, smart Valerie Michon, whom they love to tease and taunt. Valerie, however, does not succumb to their childish behavior, and instead stands up to them. This disturbs them even more, until finally, they push the situation to an outrageous limit, and must take responsibility for their actions.
- There is much concern on the part of teenagers as to how they look. What if they don’t like the way they look, will others like them? Much anxiety can result if physical development is delayed. The big question is “Am I normal?” and teens struggle at considerable depths over physical flaws, real or imagined. Eating disorders are frequently a manifestation of this struggle. One Fat Summer is representative of this developmental task. Bobby hated summertime. During the winter, he could hide his fat under his clothes, but during the summer, his fat was exposed for all the world to see. He stopped getting on the scale, he couldn’t stand to know how much he actually weighed. The only time he felt good, like a normal person was when he was with Joanie. He figured the reason they were best friends was that when they were together, he felt thin, and she forgot about her nose. The rest of her was really pretty, but it seemed like no one else could see past her long, crooked nose to find that out. Now he has found out that Joanie is going away for two weeks. Bobby knew he had to do something fast or his summer was going to be sheer torture.
- Parents have issues with this developmental task as well, wanting their children to become independent, but also wanting to protect them. The stage is set for miscommunication, rebellion, authoritarian behaviors, and irresponsibility. In Everything is Not Enough, Michael is perhaps the classic example of this developmental task. This 17-year-old has everything a young adult could want: loving parents, summers at the beach, a job waiting for him in his father’s business. But Michael wants to make it on his own. He wants to be independent from them but doesn’t want to hurt them.
- Early young adult literature reflected this struggle more than the current literature does. This may be because contemporary young adults do not feel as pressured to make these decisions as early as in previous times. This decision is often delayed until much later. Also, recent literature reflects a shift in attitude about alternative lifestyles, as demonstrated in works such as: The Drowning of Stephan Jones, and Deliver Us from Evie, and “Hello,” I Lied. In the first-person narrative, Me and Mrs.. Bo Jo Jones, July illustrates the pride and respect that help to build and strengthen a marriage. Despite many obstacles, both July and Bo Jo are determined to make their marriage work.. The problems and emotions of two young people who find themselves in a marriage they are not ready for, are vividly and honestly portrayed.
- At this stage, adolescents experiment with part-time jobs, such as babysitting, mowing lawns, and other ways of making money. In Make Lemonade, LaVaughn earns money by helping a teenage, single mother with her two little children. LaVaughn learns a lot about what it is like to be depended upon, and how bad decisions can affect more than just your own life.
- At this time adolescents begin to critically evaluate their parent’s values and ideas, which they had passively accepted as universal truth in childhood. the personal value systems or moral ideology is derived mostly from social interaction. In Skin Deep, Dan finally gets the attention that he has wanted, but he has to become a neo-Nazi skinhead to get it. The novel is full of First Amendment conflicts.
- Adolescents begin to see the consequences of their own actions and decisions in the larger scheme of things. They look for ways that they can make a difference and have impact on the world around them. In The Giver, Jonas is given his lifetime assignment at the Ceremony of Twelve, and becomes the Receiver of Memories shared by only one other in his community. He discovers some disturbing truths about the society in which he lives, and must make some dramatic decisions.