1. Spanish 2 Grammar Book Carmín Martin

2. Table of contents Ser............ Estar..........…… Verbs like Gustar... Hacer Expressions... Pretérito........... Trigger Words..... Car Gar Zars...... Spock Verbs...... Cucaracha Verbs..... DOPs............... IOPs............... Commands.......... Irregular commands... Snakes.............. Snakeys.............. Se impersonal......... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Words inredare Examples. Words inlightblueare infinitive verbs.

3. SER Descriptions Origin Characteristics Time Occupation Relationships Possession Events Dates

4. Estar Health Emotions Location Present condition ING (ar–ando, er/ir–-endo/-yendo)

5. Verbs Like Gustar Doler (o->ue) Fascinar Molestar Encantar Faltar Importar Disgustar Interestar Me disgusta el espinago. Nos molesta Justin Bieber.

6. Hacer Expressions Hace + time + “que” + conjugated verb Hace dos días que corro. (English: It has been 2 days since I ran.)

7. Preterito

8. Trigger Words Ayer Anteayer A las ocho* El miercoles* El día anterior El lunes* pasado El fin de semana* Ayer por la mañana El otro día Una vez Esta tarde* Esta noche* Entonces Desde el primer momento Durante dos siglos* En ese momente Hace dos* días *Changes with time/day/month/year/time period

9. -Car -Gar -Zars Only change in the “yo” form. -Car -> -qué -Gar -> -gué -Zar -> -cé Comencé la prueba. Jugaron fútbol.

10. Spock” Verbs “ IR SER DAR VER HACER

11. “Spock” Verbs (cont’d)

12. Cucaracha Verbs Andar -> Estar -> Poder -> Poner -> Querer -> Saber -> Tener -> Vener -> Conducir -> Producir -> Traducir -> Decir -> Traer -> Anduv- Estuv- Pud- Pus- Quis- Sup- Tuv- Vin- Conduj- Produj- Traduj- Dij- Traj-

13. DOPs Direct Object Pronouns Go before the conjugated verb Can only hook onto the conjugated verb in 3 instances: Infinitive Affirmative Commands Gerunds (-ing verbs) Cómalo. No lo comió.

14. IOPs Indirect Object Pronouns ALWAYS also have a DOP and ALWAYS go before the conjugated verb AND DOP. Me lo di. Se lo leyó. * Changes to ‘se’ when using a third person DOP (lo/los or la/las)

15. Commands

16. Irregular Commands TVDISHES: Tener -> Tenga Dar-> Dé Vener -> Venga Ir -> Vaya Sea -> Ser Hacer -> Hago Estar -> Esté Saber -> Sepa

17. Snakes For Snake verbs, the first vowel in the third person changes. For ‘dormir’, the ‘o’ changes to a ‘u’. For ‘pedir’, the ‘e’ changes to an ‘i’.

18. Snakeys Snakey verbs are verbs that change the second ‘e’ in the verb. These go into verbs such as leer, creer, oir, etc. For first and second person, the second ‘e’ changes to an ‘i’, and in third person, the ‘e’ changes to a ‘y’.

19. Se Impersonal In order to not specify who is doing the action of the verb, ‘se’ is used. The verb ALWAYS needs to be in third person, and can be used in all tenses. Se corre en el parque. Se comío la hamburguesa.