About Role of Press in Society through the perspective of Communication Media, Mass Media towards Media and society.
Effect and Impact of Press on Society bodies and Communities.
Value of Press as a Media from independence movement till todays virtual society.
Scope and Limitations of Press.
How and Why Press still breathes in todays fast and online society who prefers e-newspapers.
3. Arrival of Printing Machines in
India.
The history of the Indian Press begun
with the coming of the Europeans. The
Portuguese were the first who brought a
printing press to India and the first book
published in India, Goa 1557.
On 30 April 1556, A ship carrying a
printing press setting sail from Portugal
to Goa, with the purpose of helping
missionary work. The first books were
printed in Konkani language. By 1674,
about 50 books had been printed in
Konkani and Kannada Languages.
Catholic priests printed the first Tamil
book in 1579 at Cochin.
4. The introduction of Press and journalism was made by James Hickey, who published the first
newspaper in India “BENGAL GAZETTE”
The First Printing Press, Goa.
There were initially Portugal people
working in the Printing Press.
Later, after training the Indian citizens,
Even they were the staff of Press.
Growth of Indian Press
5. Gradually Indian people started their own
Press as it became a medium of
communication
for the Indian freedom fighters who wanted
to spread nationalist and patriotic
sentiments
among the Indian people..
Development of Indian Press
Printing Press started developing from
economic, social, psychosocial aspects. Even
women started working in press. People found
the new source of income.
6. Rise and Expansion of Hindu
Journalism
The Role of the Press in the Freedom Struggle is important because it helped the general people know
and learn about the British colonial government's harsh policies.
Hindu journalism was now the backbone of the freedom struggle through encouraging the nationalist
ideology and budling up of strong patriotism & consciousness among the masses. Its contribution has
always been saluted by the Indians.
Freedom Fighters played an important role as the journalist in that era, who proved that the pen could
indeed be mightier than the sword. These Fearless Journalists rose against the British Raj During the
Freedom Struggle and were always engaged in expansion Ing their reach among people.
•Bal Gangadhar Tilak-
He is widely seen as the first leader of the Independence movement and was in charge
of two publications—Kesari in Marathi, and Mahratta in English. The papers were
started along with Gopal Agarkar and Vishnu shastri Chiplunkar, who were both
noted and active figures in the freedom movement.
7. •G Subramanian Iyer-
He was a freedom fighter and social reformer and chose to fight his freedom battle by
establishing two prominent newspapers: The Hindu (which is still one of India’s most
respected papers) and Swadesmitran (one of the first Tamil newspapers).
•Sisir Kumar Ghosh-
Brothers Sisir Kumar and Motilal started the Amrita Bazar Patrika, a daily which was
published originally in Bengali and later in English.
The paper operated out of a battered wooden press which costed only 32 rupees!
•Madan Mohan Malviya-
the founder of the Banaras Hindu University. When the British government passed the Press
Act and Newspaper Act, in 1908, Malviya started an English daily, titled The Leader, in 1909,
along with Motilal Nehru.
8. Challenges & Criticism
Challenges like Illiteracy, Difference in Ideologies and thoughts occurred when the first and media
new them was in practice.
The Great Debaters: Tilak Vs. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar.
Tilak and Agarkar were close associates in their younger days, they vowed not to work for
the British government in India in any capacity. Instead, they decided to dedicate their lives
to nation building through education and raising public awareness through the press.
Hence, along with Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, they started a ‘New English High School’ and
two newspapers Kesari in Marathi and Maratha in English in 1881. Agarkar became the
editor of Kesari and Tilak that of Maratha.
9. Tilak objected to any British interference and took a position that Indian society should be
reformed by Indians themselves, and not by an alien power… Agarkar on the other hand, was
influenced by Western intellectual tradition.
These differences in their Ideologies finally led to Agarkar resigning from the Kesari and starting
his newspaper Sudharak in 1887. Now it was an open war of words between the two,
with Sudharak on the one hand and Kesari and Maratha on the other.
VS
10. Vernacular Press & It’s Role in Freedom Struggle.
Samachar Darpan
Founded: 1818
Language: Bengali
Note: It was the first Indian
newspaper in
any vernacular language
Mirat-ul-Akhbar
Founded: 1822
Founder: Raja Ram Mohun Roy
Language: Persian
Note: First Persian language
Newspaper
Bombay Samachar
Founded: 1822
Language: Gujarati
and English
Note: First newspaper
in Gujarati
Darpan
Founded: 1832
Founder: Balshastri Jambhekar
Language: Marathi
Note: First Marathi language
newspaper.
Mangaluru Samachara
Founded: 1843
Language: Kannada
Note: First and oldest running
newspaper in Kannada
Rast Goftar
Founded: 1854
Founder : Dadabhai Naoroji
Note: Paper especially published
for the Parsi community
Udant Martand
Founded: 1826
Founder : Pt. Jugal Kishore
Shukla.
Note: First Hindi language
newspaper.
Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq
Founded: 1871
Founding Editor: Sir Syyed
Ahmad Khan
Language: Urdu
11. THE VERNACULAR PRESS & INTERNATIONAL
SCENARIO
The Vernacular Press Act, 1878
➢ According to the Act, it was instructed to the vernacular newspapers not to publish anything that
excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government.
The Newspaper Act, 1908:-
➢ This Act empowered the Local Government to reject any declaration made by the printer and
publisher of an offending newspapers.
The Indian Press Act, 1910:-
➢ Through this Act, the British Government strengthened the control on the vernacular newspapers. As
per the Act, the Local Govt. were empowered to demand at the time of Registration security not less than
500/- and not more than 2,000/-.
12. THE MODERN-DAY PRESS: ITS ROLE & VALUE IN
TODAYS SOCIETY
Role Of Press
To Mobilize
Masses
To Inform
To Spread
Awareness
To Stay
Rational
To be truthful
to Audience
To bring about
real political
discourse
13. Value of Press In Times Of E- Newspapers.
“The Hindu” being the first newspaper to introduce colour print (1940), first
newspaper to own airplanes to distribute newspapers (1963) and in 1995 The Hindu
was the first newspaper to go online in India.
➢ Press includes thoughts of society, Post on SM includes thoughts of 1 person.
➢ Important for Reading Culture.
➢ Collection of every field in Hand.
➢ Has answers to all questions.
➢ Headlines on E- Newspaper, Full detailed news in the Newspaper next day.
➢ Longer Remembering Period compared to news on Social Media/ News on T.V.
➢ P.T.I is most Authorized and trusted by people in all the Press Trusts.
14. Challenges & Limitations of Press.
➢ Due to Ad generators on Social Media, Newspapers are getting less ads. This
results in less ads- less money
➢ On the verge of reduction in Printing due to youngers don’t feel it like “their own
media”
➢ Being Rational regardless of which paper.
➢ Sticking to 1 Ideology.
➢ Lack of Coworkers in Press.
➢ Understanding the Initial roles and necessity of Press. Sticking to it.
➢ Divided Population/ Uneven followers. Eg- Samna newspaper.
Reach of Press amongst people In Times Of E-
Newspapers.
Although Reach of newspapers in young generation is less. People prefer news on
the go rather than reading it for like 2 hours. But still there is a generation which still
prefer reading newspaper. P.T.I has reach as vast as the Indian Railways, still people
prefer having hardcopy of news which gives physical connect missing in Epapers.
