it defines the social group and its various types with a comprehensive detail

1. Presentation title
Social groups and its types
Subject => animal behavior (ethology)

2. Submitted by
• Aftab Badshah
• Zeb ur Rehman
• Dawood Khan
• Yasir Khan
• Muhammad Atif
• Muhammad Usman
Submitted to
Mam Brekhna

3. What Is A Social Group
When two or more persons are in a state of
interaction, it can be called simply as group
or
a number of persons with the same goals ,
expectations , values who interact with each
other

4. Further Definition Of Social Group
• E.S Bogardus
A number of units of anything in close proximity to one another
• Ogburn & Nimkoff
Whenever two or more individuals come together and influence one
another
• Arnold Green
An aggregate of individuals which is organized and having common
interest and activities

5. Functions of a social group
• Defining boundaries
To identify who are the members of the group
• Choosing leaders
By nature , groups resolve the issue of leadership. A leader is the one who occupies central role or
position of dominance and influence.
• Making decisions
The combined aggregate of all the ideas , opinions and thoughts of members of the group over an
issue
• Setting goals
The common ambition of the group for which they strive to perform and achieve
• Assigning tasks
Each member of the group is assigned a task which he cares and look-afters and is responsible for
that
• Controlling members behavior
Behaviors of the members are continually controlled because deviant behavior of the members may
be dangerous and harmful and rather fatal to the group.

6. Essentials for a social group
• Collection of people
• Communication between the people
• Dependency among members
• Common identity
• Common feelings of unity
• Common certain goals
• Share norms and traditions

7. Types of social groups
Groups can be classified on several basis.
 size
Structure
Contact
Relations
identification

8. Types of group on the basis of size
On the basis of size social groups are classified by a German Sociologist
George Simmel
• Dyad
Contain two persons in the group. Establishes one relationship
• Triad
Contain three persons in the group. Establishes 3 relations
• Tetriad
Contain 4 persons. Establishes 6 relations
• Pentad
Contain 5 persons. Establishes 10 realtions

10. Social groups on the basis of structure and organization
• On the basis of structure & organization social groups are classified by
Dwight Sanderson
• Formal group
Posses rules, regulations, schedules, roles
• Voluntry formal groups
• Coercive formal groups
• Utilitarion formal groups
• Informal group
No rules and regulations. Free to do anything

11. Voluntary formal group
• People join of their own volition
• Person join the group by its own choice
• Free to join or withdraw from the group at any time
• Example is a company, job, organization etc

12. Coercive formal group
• Also called as delegate group
• Person join as a representive of a number of people
• Join the group for their own benefits or societal benefits
• Person either elected or nominated by some power
• Examples is the parliament

13. Utilitarion formal group
• Also called as involuntary group
• Doesn’t depend upon the person’s choice
• Not forced to join a particular organization but feel compelled to join
the group
• People join it to achieve their own goals
• Example is one’s family race,caste

14. Informal group
• Provide different but important things
• Provide relaxation and reduce stress
• Involve in fun activities
• Help keep people good social health and welfare
• Examples is the group of friends, family, passengers sharing a bus etc

15. On the basis of contact, social ties
• Classified by C.H Cooley
• Classified into
• Primary group
• Secondary group

16. Primary group
• Strong emotional attachment
• Small size and informal
• Stability
• Similarity of background
• Limited self interest
• Personal relationship
• Continuity of relationship
• Persist over extensive period of time
• Face to face interaction
• “ WE ” feelings
• Example = family, basket ball team etc

17. Secondary group
• Formal and impersonal relation
• Large in size
• Option of membership
• Less intimate and less sentimental
• “ I ” feelings
• Examples = political parties, business organization

18. On the basis of relations
• Classified by George hasen into
• Un- social group
• Pseudo-social group
• Anti-social group
• Pro-social group

19. Un-social group
• Live to themselves and for themselves
• Don’t participate in larger society of which they are a part
• Don’t mix up with other people and remain alone
• Examples= murderers, thieves etc

20. Pseudo-social group
• Participate in the larger society
• Participate only for interest and gain
• Don’t are for the greater good of the society
• Examples= politicians, feudals etc.

21. Anti-social group
• Act against the interest of society
• Destroy public peace and property
• Example= calling a strike by labor union, plans of political parties to
overthrow government

22. Pro-social group
• Antonym of anti-social group
• Work for the interests of the larger society of which they are a part
• Engaged in constructive activities and increasing welfare of the
society
• Examples= Volunteers, Edhi etc

23. On the basis of identification
• Classified by Sumner into
• In group
• Out group
• Reference group

24. In group
• Strong identification and loyalty with members of their own group
• The group by which an individual identifies oneself
• Embodies “ WE “ feelings
• Examples= family, tribe, sex, college, occupation, religion

25. Out group
• Contract between “THEY” and “WE”
• The group to which the people feel they don’t belong
• Examples= We are Muslim, they are Hindus. We are Pakistani and
they are Christians

26. Reference group
• People use as a standard in evaluating or understanding themselves ,
their attitudes and their behavior

27. In group
In group
In group In group
In group
In group
Out group
Reference group

28. any question ????