About Heathrow airport

2. INRODUCTION
 London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow is London's main airport and a major
international airport serving London, England, known as London Airport from
1946. Located, in West London, Heathrow is the busiest airport in the United
Kingdom and the third busiest airport in the world in total passenger traffic,
handling more international passengers than any other airport around the globe.
It is also the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic and the third busiest
by traffic movements.
 Heathrow Airport is used by over 90 airlines flying to 170 destinations
worldwide. The airport is the primary hub of British Airways
 The busiest single destination in passenger numbers is New York, with over
3.8 million passengers between Heathrow and JFK / Newark airports in
2011. The airport has four passenger terminals (Terminals 1, 3, 4 and 5) and a
cargo terminal.

3. LOCATION
Heathrow lies 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) west of Central London,
The airport holds a Civil Aviation Authority Public Use which allows
flights for public transportation of passengers or for flying instruction.

5.  Aviation at the location of what is now Heathrow Airport began during World War I, when the
site was used as a military airfield. By the 1930s the airfield, then known as the Great Western
Aerodrome, was privately owned by Fairey Aviation Company, and was used for aircraft assembly
and testing, although it was also know as the Harmondsworth Aerodrome and the Heath Row
Aerodrome.
 In 1943, Heathrow came under the control of the Air Ministry, to be developed as a Royal
Air Force transfer station

6. KEY MILESTONES:
•1944: Construction of London Airport's runways begins.
•1946: London Airport officially opens.
•1955: Her Majesty The Queen opens the Central Terminal Area and
Control Tower.
•1957: The first non-stop flight to California sets a new record for
distance and time.
•1964: The Beatles are mobbed at London Airport.
•1966: The British Airports Authority is created. London Airport is
renamed 'Heathrow'.
•1969: Terminal 1 is opened and existing buildings renamed Terminals
2 and 3.
•1976: Concorde makes its first passenger flight.

7. •1977: The London Underground link is opened.
•1986: His Royal Highness Prince Charles and Princess Diana inaugurate
Terminal 4.
•1987: The British Airports Authority is privatized as BAA plc.
•1997: The Terminal 5 public planning inquiry ends – the longest in UK
history.
•1998: The Heathrow Express rail service is launched.
•2003: Three Concords make their final touchdown at Heathrow.
•2006: The Airbus A380 makes its first UK landing into a newly built Pier 6 at
Terminal 3.
•2007: A new air traffic control tower is operational – the tallest in the UK.
•2008: Terminal 5 is officially opened by Her Majesty The Queen in March; The
first commercial A380 flight arrives at Heathrow.
•2009: Terminal 4 underwent a major refurbishment to improve facilities.
•2010: Demolition work started on Terminal 2 to make way for its £1 billion
replacement

9. •In the beginning of the First World War the area that is now London
Heathrow airport was used as a training ground and British airport for the
military
•Around 1930 British aero engineer and aircraft builder Richard fairey paid the
vicar of Harmon’s worth at the time £15,000 for a 150 acre piece of land to
create an airport to build and test different aircrafts
•After world war II was over the British government handed over the base to
the air to becomes London new civil airport,
•as the closing of London Heathrow airport first operational year they estimated
that 63,000 passengers had travel through the airport and the by 1951 it has
been risen to a 796000 passengers. Terminal 1 opened in 1968 and was formally
inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in May 1969

10. In 2004 Heathrow airport holding Ltd signed a contact with Star Alliance
Network. Terminal 1 would now facilitate international passengers, with the
influx passenger in and out of Terminal 1there would have to be major
refurbishment to accommodate all these new passengers. Stated by the project
management institute from their project paper
“Terminal 1 had been out of date and badly in need of refurbishment with the
40 year old building not seeing any significant updates since it was built in the
60s. With serious refurbishment going elsewhere at Heathrow airport as well as
the upcoming opening of Terminal 5 and the introduction of international
passengers to Terminal 1.”

11. HEATHROW PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
PROJECT LIFE
CYCLE
PROJECT INITIATON
PROJECT PLANNING
PROJECT
EXECUTION
PROJECT CLOSURE

12. PROJECT INITIATION

13. PLANNING
•Clear mandate was issued to third party suppliers and contractors. To follow a
very specific framework of the project
•To have an effective and coordinated team that could respond instantly to the
demands of this project, the main contractor should be located in the same office
as the project team
•Custom software “online change control” system-Allowed any members of the
team to capture changes on/offsite and send them online to senior project manager
for instant approval or rejection

14. EXECUTION CHALLENGES
HEALTH AND SAFETY:
•Live operating passenger terminal.
•Any interruptions would result in delays for airline operating and financial
penalties
STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES:
•Repair the damaged floor which was initially constructed 40 years earlier
21 weeks extra work
•Constructed with different material from what was used to the rest of the
flooring terminal.
•Irregular surfaces of floor

15. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES:
•Replacement of existing system of terminal building
•It required specialist flight system
•Flight information display screens
•Regulatory systems for passenger processing
•Closed circuit televisions.
SOLUTIONS:
•Regular meetings weekly and monthly with all suppliers
•Good communications
•Large no of stakeholders
•Effective delivering team t hat respond instantly to demands and unexpected changes located
in some place
•An airtight area secured the asbestos roof work so there would be no leak during removal work
and new construction and there would be no interruption for terminal operations
•Improvements on energy savings and heating
•Problems could therefore be passed on to the project manger very quickly due to good monitoring
RESULTS:
•Heathrow airport terminal
was completed on time in
2008 September
•The project was delivered
within budget

18. •Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-
based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and
through controlled airspace.
•Provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled
airspace.
•The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent
collisions, organize the flow of traffic, and provide
information and other support for pilots.
•To prevent collisions, ATC enforces traffic separation rules,
which ensure each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of
empty space around it at all times.

19. HEATHROW AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER
Air traffic control tower was formerly installed in 1955,
which was designed by Sir Frederick
In April 2005 the new air traffic control tower was topped
out and in March 2005 the control tower was erected to its
full height of 87m.
The cone, which contains the control room, is supported on
top of an 85m-high, 4.6m-diameter triangular steel mast
anchored to the ground, with three pairs of cable stays
 The new ATC became operational during the third quarter
of 2006

20. ASSEMBLING OF NEW AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER
•The commission for a new control tower (or visual control room) at London Heathrow Airport
followed on from design of the new Terminal 5 at Heathrow, and reflects the growth in traffic at
Europe’s busiest airport. The 87m-tall tower incorporates a 24-hour-a-day, seven-days-a-week facility.
•The location at Heathrow’s centre necessitates full 360 ̊ views from the cab.
•To fulfill these requirements, the final design provides what is thought to be the largest cone of vision
of any control tower in the world.
•Also which included reduced angles of vision for individual controllers, larger areas of glass, more solar
gain, and wind drag on the tower also it provided air traffic control services to aircraft arriving and
departing

21. FUNCTIONALITY OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER (ATC):
•The location at Heathrow’s centre necessitates full 360 ̊ views from
the cab
•To fulfill these requirements, the final design provides what is
thought to be the largest cone of vision of any control tower in the
world.
•Also which included reduced angles of vision for individual
controllers, larger areas of glass, more solar gain, and wind drag on
the tower also it provided air traffic control services to aircraft
arriving and departing.

22. The cab contains four levels (as shown in
fig), the highest being the visual control
room (VCR), and Accommodating desks
for 13 controllers.
At the base of this wall is a gallery space
used to service the sub-equipment room
containing communications and radar
equipment.
Underneath the sub-equipment level is
the rest and recreation area containing a
rest room, kitchen, toilet, and office.
An external walkway here accesses a
permanent cleaning cradle to service the
entire cab glass wall.
The lowest level accommodates the air-
handling plant.
The mast structure itself contains stairs,
an internal lift, and various risers for IT
purposes. This rises through the middle of
the cab and services every level.
Finally, a three-storey building at the
base of the tower contains the NATS
offices, administration and training
rooms, technical equipment areas, and
main plant rooms

23. CONSTRUCTION STRATEGY
 The logistical challenge facing the
project team was to design and
construct the control tower on an
island site surrounded by live
runways in the centre of one of the
world's busiest airports. The
solution was to pre-assemble as
much of the tower away from the
site as possible and then to ensure
that the actual onsite installation
was as quick as possible by
minimizing site welding using pre-
engineered connections. This
construction strategy allowed all
the construction to take place at
low level and the use of high crane
jibs, which would have interfered
with the radar operation in the
airport, was minimized
Location Heathrow
Airport,
London
Dates Transport
Client 1989 - 2007
The Architect BAA plc
Structural
Engineer
Richard Rogers
Partnership
Civil Engineer Arup
Principal
Contractors
Mott McDonald
Construction
Management
Mace/Watsons
Steel/AMEC/Schmidlin

24. CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF ATC
 The logistical challenge facing the project team was to design and
construct the control tower on an island site surrounded by live
runways in the centre of one of the world's busiest airports
 . The solution was to pre-assemble as much of the tower away
from the site as possible and then to ensure that the actual onsite
installation was as quick as possible by minimizing site welding
using pre-engineered connections
 This construction strategy allowed all the construction to take
place at low level and the use of high crane jibs, which would have
interfered with the radar operation in the airport, was minimized

25. PREFABRICATED MAST SECTION
With mast erection
complete, the project
immediately progressed to
fit-out of the base
building and the
connection of services
between it and the cab.
Once this was complete,
the temporary guy cables
were removed and the
permanent 150mm
diameter locked coil
cables installed from a
crane and tensioned
during a further series of
Night-time operations.
The new tower went ”live” in February 2007 when full
airport operations transferred and the old tower was
closed after 52 years of service. Building a new air-traffic
control tower in the centre of Heathrow’s airside
operations involved unique construction and operational
requirements that largely dictated its architectural and
engineering form (a more detailed description of the
project has been published elsewhere3). This tower
satisfies the air-traffic controllers’ requirements, yet was
constructed with no disruption to the airport’s daily
operations and no accidents.

27. RUNWAYS OF HEATHROW AIRPORT
•In the 1950s, Heathrow had six runways, arranged in three pairs at different angles in the shape
of a hexagram (✡) with the permanent passenger terminal in the middle and the older terminal
along the north edge of the field, and two of its runways would always be within 30° of the wind
direction.
•As the required length for runways has grown, Heathrow now has only two parallel runways
running east–west. These are extended versions of the two east-west runways from the original
hexagram

28. •Heathrow has two parallel east–west runways, plus a cross wind runway along with four
operational terminals on a site that covers 3,000 acres (1,200 ha).
CROSSWIND RUNWAY
•A consultation process for the building of a third runway and a sixth terminal began in
November 2007, and the project was controversially approved on 15 January 2009 by Labor
government ministers. It was subsequently cancelled on 12 May 2010 by the Cameron
Government.
•A third runway at Heathrow is the best solution for linking UK to fast-growing markets The
shortlisted option is a new westerly proposal that delivers less noise Heathrow will now work
with local communities to develop proposals further. But according to SKYNEWS” A third
runway for Heathrow has met with bitter opposition and the publication of the report will
likely trigger a substantial political row”.

31. •Terminal 1 opened in 1968 and was formally inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth
II in May 1969. Before Terminal 5 opened, Terminal 1 was the base for British
Airways' domestic network from Heathrow and for a few of its long haul
routes.
•With an area of 74,601 m2 (803,000 sq ft. )

32. Terminal 1 is home to all Heathrow's domestic flights, as well as some European
and long-haul destinations. 22 airlines operate from Terminal 1, carrying over 25
million passengers each year.
FACILITIES AT TERMINAL 1:
Baggage Enquiries
Foreign Exchange
Cash Facilities
Communication Facilities
Information Points
Medical Care
Toilets and Showers
Worship
Arrivals for international passengers are located on the ground floor of Terminal 1. Domestic,
Republic of Ireland and Channel Island arrivals and baggage reclaim are located on the first floor
of Terminal 1

34. Heathrow's current major project is the construction of a vast new Terminal 2 on the site of the
original Terminal 2 and the Queen's Building. The new development was originally named
Heathrow East Terminal. It is designed by Luis Vidal + Architects (LVA), and it is due to open
on 4 June 2014. Terminal 2 was completed in November 2013 and is currently undergoing 6
months of testing .
The project includes
•main Terminal 2 building,
• 522-metre (1,713 ft) satellite pier (T2B)
• 1,340 space car park and an energy centre and cooling station.
• Passengers will be able to choose from a selection of 52 shops and restaurants.
•It was reported it is set to open on 23 June 2014.
Former Terminal building
in 1972
Former Terminal 2 building in 2007

35. Terminal 2operate 30 airlines from this terminal carrying over 8.5 million
passengers every year. There are some long-haul flights operating from Terminal 2
although most are for European destinations
Baggage Enquiries
Foreign Exchange
Cash Facilities
Communication Facilities
Information Points
Medical Care
Toilets and Showers
Worship

37. •Terminal 3 opened as The Oceanic Terminal on 13 November 1961 to handle flight departures
for long-haul routes. At this time the airport had a direct helicopter service to Central London
from the gardens on the roof of the terminal building. Renamed Terminal 3 in 1968
•it was expanded in 1970 with the addition of an arrivals building. Other facilities added
included the UK's first moving walkways.
•In 2006, the new £105 million Pier 6 was completedto accommodate the Airbus A380
superjumbo; Singapore Airlines, Emirates and Qantas now operate regular flights from
Terminal 3 using the Airbus A380. These three airlines have nearly a dozen daily A380 flights.
•As of 2013, Terminal 3 has an area of 98,962 m2 (1,065,220 sq ft) and in 2011 handled 19.8
million passengers on 104,100 flights
•Today, it is used by 26 airlines and approximately 15.5 million passengers. Terminal 3 mainly
operates long-haul flights, although some are to European destinations.

38. Baggage Enquiries Foreign Exchange Cash Facilities
Information Points Medical Care Communication
Toilets and Showers Worship Travel Insurance
Other Facilities
OTHER FACILITIES
Terminal 3 mainly deals with long-haul flights for US, South America, and
Asia. There is also a number of African and Australasian airlines operating
from Terminal 3 as well as some flights to Europe

40. •Opened in 1986, Terminal 4 is situated to the south of the southern runway
next to the cargo terminal and is connected to Terminals 1, 2 and 3 by the
Heathrow Cargo Tunnel. The terminal has an area of 105,481 m2
(1,135,390 sq ft) .
•it houses 37 airlines and handles approximately 14.2 million passengers each
year. The flights operating from Terminal 4 are mainly for long-haul and
European destinations, with Air India, Delta and KLM being the major
airlines flying from this terminal.

42. Heathrow Terminal 5 is the newest of Heathrow's terminals. It was opened in 2008 at a cost of
£4 billion, and its five floors are large enough to hold 50 football pitches. It is used exclusively by
British Airways and Iberia, and provides a huge range of facilities for travellers, including
restaurants, shops, hotels, car hire services, business services, parking and bureaux de change
facilities.
The design of the new terminal began in 1989, but government planning permission was only
granted in November 2001. The terminal was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on the 14th
March 2008 and was open to passengers on the 27th March 2008.
Facilities at Heathrow Terminal 5
Hotels at or near the terminal Medical Help
Communication Facilities Hire a car at Heathrow T5
Parking at Heathrow T5 Disabled Passengers
Baggage Enquiries
Cash Facilities
Information Points
Showers and Baby Changing
Trolleys and Porter Services
Relaxation and Leisure Facilities
Business Facilities
Family Facilities

44. FAMILY FACILITIES AT HEATHROW
AIRPORT
Family lounge – Terminal 3
The Family Lounge is a dedicated area for
families with play areas for ages 0-2 and 3-9, a
children's quiet room, a Game Zone for children
aged 10 - 15, coffee and soft drink vending, and
comfortable seating for adults. There is a discreet
area for nursing mothers.
Play areas – Terminals 1, 2, 4 and 5
There's plenty of pre-flight fun and
entertainment for your children in our free Stay
& Play areas. With slides, soft play areas and
separate baby and junior zones, there's plenty to
keep your young ones entertained and exercised.
Food for families
Child-friendly restaurants are easy to
find at Heathrow. Most provide high
chairs and children's menus.
You'll find some of Britain's favourite
family-friendly restaurant brands at
each Heathrow terminal

45. HEATHROW WI-FI AND INTERNET ACCESS
There's Wi-Fi available throughout the terminal to help you stay in touch or plan your
travels.
HEATHROW BUSINESS SERVICES
At Heathrow all business travel needs are available helping to meet the deadlines that can’t
afford to miss.
That’s why Heathrow offer more flights, flying more frequently to key business destinations,
and a range of innovations designed to make the business of travel feel less like hard work,
and also provide
•Heathrow business parking saves time
•Relax in a business lounge

46. • London Heathrow business hotel is ideal when planning conferences, exhibitions
and meetings.
•The largest room accommodates up to 480 people which is ideal for large or small
conferences.
•Heathrow airport business hotel offers Wi-Fi, audiovisual resources and varied
catering options.
•main function room has direct access to a large cargo lift, ideal for cars and
large equipment
•Additionally, Heathrow offer a 500-square-meter exhibition spaces that is
perfect for tradeshows.
•Business hotel is less than half a mile from the Heathrow airport and is ideal for
events.

47. HEATHROW AIRPORT LOUNGES
Executive Lounge
Terminal 1 and Terminal 3
• In the Executive Lounge you'll enjoy service and hospitality for up to three hours before your
flight with facilities including:
•Complimentary soft drinks, tea, coffee and snacks.
•Internet access, computer points, phone and fax.
•Television and a selection of newspapers and magazines.
•Comfortable chairs in quiet surroundings.
Traveler Lounge
Terminal 3
Relax in style before you fly at the No.1 Traveler Lounge. Facilities include:
Complimentary food and drink
Free Wi-Fi plus newspapers and magazines
Games Rooms and Cinema
Family Room
Runway views
No.1 Travel Spa, offering massages and nail treatments
Single and twin bedrooms.

48. MEDICAL HELP AT HEATHROW
Emergency treatment
•If you require emergency medical treatment, use any internal telephone. The
operator can make sure an ambulance is quickly sent to the right part of the
airport.
• If you need help finding a telephone, please ask a member of airport staff.
Health centers
Basic treatment is provided at the Heathrow Health Centre located, which is
staffed by qualified nurses.
Pharmacies
Boots the Chemist has branches in all terminals at Heathrow, before and after
security, where over-the-counter medicines and treatments can be bought.

49. MULTI-FAITH PRAYER ROOMS
In addition to the Chapel of St George, Heathrow Airport provides Prayer
Rooms to enable people of all Faiths to find a quiet retreat for prayer and
meditation in each of the Terminals. Each prayer room is open all day and has
relevant literature and resources for worship and reflection.

51. TRAIN
•Heathrow Express: a non-stop service direct to London's Paddington station;
trains leave every 15 minutes for the 15-minute journey (21 minutes to/from
Terminal 5)
•Heathrow Connect: a stopping service to Paddington calling at up to five
National Rail trains leave every 30 minutes for the 27-minute journey.
Heathrow Connect services terminate at Heathrow Central station (Terminals 1
& 3).
•London Underground four stations serve the airport Terminals 1, 2, 3;
Terminal 4; Terminal 5 serves the passenger terminals

52. BUS AND COACH
•Many buses and coaches operate from the large Heathrow airport central bus
station serving Terminals 1 and 3, and also from bus stations at Terminals 4 and
5.
•Between 1981 and 2004, the airport was linked to central London by a group of
routes known as Airbus.
INTER-TERMINAL TRANSPORT
Terminals 1 and 3 are within walking distance of each other. Transfers to
Terminal 4 and 5 are by Heathrow Express trains or bus. Heathrow Express and
Heathrow Connect services between Heathrow Central and Terminals 4 and 5
are free of charge

53. TAXI
Taxis are available at all terminals.
CAR
Heathrow is accessible via the nearby M4 motorway or A4 road (Terminals 1–3),
the M25 motorway (Terminals 4 and 5), and the A30 road (Terminal 4). There are
drop-off and pick-up areas at all terminals and short-

55. Traffic and
statistics
Although Heathrow Airport
Holdings claims that Heathrow is
the "world's busiest international
airport", in 2011 it ranked third-
busiest by total passenger traffic,
after Atlanta and Beijing which
are both international airports.
However, Heathrow does have the
highest number of international
passengers.
In 2011, Heathrow was the busiest
airport in Europe in total passenger
traffic, with 13.9% more passengers
than Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport
and 23.0% more than Frankfurt
Airport, However, it was in second
place behind Charles de Gaulle in
total aircraft movements in 2011
with 5.1% fewer landings and take
offs than its French counterpart.
Heathrow was the third busiest
European airport by cargo traffic in
2013, after Paris Charles de Gaulle
and Frankfurt.

57. PASSENGERS NO AT
HEATHROW FROM
1986 TO 2013
Heathrow's 69 million
passengers in 2011, 7%
were bound for UK
destinations, 41% were
short-haul international
travelers and 52% were
long-haul.The busiest
single destination in
passenger numbers is
New York, with over
3.8 million passengers
between Heathrow and
JFK / Newark airports
in 2011