A comprehensive presentation on METRO STATION planning by Ar.Ravi Sankar , batch of 1996-2001

1. Metro Rail station Planning
Ar. T. Ravi Sankar
20.12.2014

2. Objective
• Types of Metro Rail Stations
• Criteria for design of the Metro Stations
• Challenges wrt site context, right of way &
construction
• Criticality of interdisciplinary coordination , BIM
and interface with railway systems.
• Fire & Life safety in Metro Rail stations,
introduction to NFPA 130
• Signage Design for Stations

3. Acronym Description
AFC Automatic Fare Collection
ASS Auxiliary Sub-Station
DG Diesel Generator
EFO Excess Fare Office
EPS Emergency Power Supply
FOB Foot Over Bridge
LOS Level of Service
MMTS Multi Modal Transport System
MRTS Mass Rapid Transit System
MSS Manuals of Specification and Standards for a particular Project
NBC National Building Code
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
O&M Operation & Maintenance
PHPDT Peak Hour Passengers Per Direction Trip
P&C Parking and Circulation
ROW Right Of Way
SCR Station Control Room
S&TC Signalling & Train Control
SOD Schedule of Dimensions
TVM Ticket Vending Machine
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
Common acronym used in design of metro stations

4. World’s First Metro Rail system was founded in 1863 in
London.Popularly termed as “London Underground” or “The
Tube”
Currently operates with 270 stations and 450 kms
Cities in USA, other cities in Europe (Paris & Moscow), Asian
cities like Singapore , Hongkong & Beijing have Extensive
Metro Rail networks serving as the life lines to the cities
Largest Metro Rail System in India : Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation (DMRC)
Currently with around 150 stations in 4 phases & expanding
With minimum carbon emissions and fuel efficiency these
are undoubtedly the best mode of travel in the metro cities
Introduction

5. Types of Metro Stations
By elevation wrt Grade
• Underground stations
• On Grade stations
• Elevated stations
By Track arrangement
• Center Platform
• Side platform
• Stacked Platforms
Types of Metro Stations

6. Passenger Ridership forecasts, alignment of the metro
corridors and the capacity of the train cars (Rolling stock) are
key inputs for determining the length of the station platforms
and the sizing of the stations
Criteria for Station Design

7. Criteria for Station Design
Level of service to Passengers
The sizing of station platforms & station facilities are arrived
at based on the Level of service to the passengers based on
the rider ship data

8. Entrances at Street Level
Shall be easily identifiable especially for underground stations Totem signage
are important.
Criteria for Station Design

9. Station Zoning
Tkts BoH
Concourse
AFC Barriers
Criteria for Station Design

10. 4
4 4
2
Criteria for Station Design
Passenger circulation in stations
Flexibility to connect to the surroundings

11. Concourse queuing
8000 4000
6000
6000
6000
2400
6000
6000
40008000
1. Escalators from working point = 8000mm
2. Stairs from working point = 4000mm
3. Ticket Gates and Smart Card Gates, from face= 6000mm
4. Fare Adjustment Office, from counter edge= 2400mm
5. Ticket Vending Machines, from face = 2400mm
Criteria for Station Design

12. Traffic, road and pedestrian requirements.
• Width of carriageways & medians under the
stations
• Minimum head room clearances under stations
• Turning radius for vehicles
• Car & Bus bays near the stations
• Pedestrian facilities at the street level connecting
the stations
Criteria for Station Design

13. Operational & Maintenance
requirements of stations
Criteria for Station Design

14. Accessible Design for elderly &
physically challenged.
Criteria for Station Design
Accessible station design is about making places easy to use for
all passengers and station users.
Users include people with visual or cognitive impairments,
those in wheelchairs, older people, people with heavy or bulky
baggage, young children and their carriers.
All station areas shall be guided with tact lies & accessible by
wheelchairs
Ref Codes:
• Persons with
disabilities act,1995
• ADA standards for
accessible design

15. Construction methodology
Typical scene of construction of Metro Stations
Can we afford such a disturbance on our roads??

16. Innovative methods with precast system
Construction methodology
Segment Casting Yard :
the precast segments/elements
of the station are constructed at a remote
location
Minimal disturbance at site

17. Conventional Cast In-Situ
• Innovative construction methodology for
Elevated stations with Minimal disturbance to the traffic
Wings (Pre cast)
Platform Sections (Pre cast)
Bracket
Concourse level
Free movement
of Traffic under
Station Areas
Construction methodology
Innovative methods of precast segment erection

18. • Multi-disciplinary design development workshops involving
key stakeholders are key right from the stage of concept
development up to issuance of documents for construction
Multi Disciplinary co-ordination
Station
Design
Structu
res Electric
al
PHE
HVAC
BMS
S&TC
Comm
unicati
ons
FPS
O&M
PT&D
Track
work
OETS
Rolling
Stock

19. Lighting boom with inbuilt
cable tray
Dedicated service routing zones within the precast
elements
BIM modeling for foolproof &
clash free analysis
Provisions for service routing
To be concluded prior to
casting of precast elements
Multi Disciplinary co-ordination
MEP service routing in conjunction with Station Structure

20. Interchange Stations
Interchange Stations
• Interchange stations are located at intersection of 2 different
Metro lines .
• Passengers alight a train from corridor and board another
Platform in a different line without having to cross the
fare barriers
• This can be a complex exercise for a non regular commuter
in large multilevel interchange stations , hence way finding
signage is very critical in these stations.
• Intermodal interchanges are where passengers interchange
With a different mode of transport viz. Bus , Long distance rail stations

21. Interchange Stations
1 2
3 4
Interchange Passenger Movement from one metro
Corridor to other
Unpaid areaPaid area
Intermodal
Interchange
Outside the
Metro stations
Passenger movement

22. Fire protection & Life safety
Active Fire Protection Systems
• Fire detection & alarm system
• Hydrant system
• Sprinkler system
• Room gas flooding system
• Panel gas flooding system
• Fire extinguishers
• Sump & pumping system
Egress , Evacuation & passive
protection
• Egress elements for
evacuation
• Compartmentation
• Emergency lighting
NFPA 130 - 2010
NBC - 2005
Fire & Life safety

23. Bangkok Metro Singapore Metro
Dubai Metro
US based body & the world's leading advocate of fire
prevention and an authoritative source on public safety.
NFPA 130 is internationally adopted for Metro stations in USA, London,
Middle East , Southeast Asia and also in almost all metro rail systems in
India
Fire & Life safety

24. 5.5.6.1: Platform Evacuation Time.
There shall be sufficient egress capacity to evacuate the
platform occupant load as defined in 5.5.5.6 from the station
platform in 4 minutes or less.
5.5.6.2: Evacuation Time to a Point of Safety.
The station also shall be designed to permit evacuation from
the most remote point on the platform to a point of safety in
6 minutes or less.
Test -1 ( 4 minute test)
Test – 2 ( 6 minute test)
The following NFPA 130 requirements of egress is the goal of the station design for
evacuation
Objective of the Evacuation as per NFPA-130
Fire & Life safety

25. Station egress requirements:
• 5.5.1.1 Emergency condition requiring evacuation of Train & station occupants to point of safety
• 5.5.1.4 Common path of travel from platform ends shall not exceed 25 m or one car length ,
whichever is greater.
• 5.5.6.1.1 The maximum travel distance on the platform to a point at which a means of egress route
leaves the platform shall not exceed 100 m
• 3. Platform Occupant Load:
• 5.5.6.1 – 5.5.6.4 : Maximum Peak Period Load based on evacuation of entraining load and the
calculated train load on that platform assuming a surge factor of 1.2 and 5 minute service
disruption time.
• 4. Escalators as means of egress
• 5.5.2 Escalators shall be permitted as a means of egress
• 5.5.2.1 (2) Escalators running in the direction of egress shall be permitted to remain operating.
• 5.5.2.4 Stopped escalators shall be permitted to be operate in the direction of egress provided that
the escalators can be restarted in a fully loaded condition and that passengers are given warning.
Fire & Life safety
Station Design Criteria : NFPA 130-2010

26. Travel speed & Capacity of egress elements
Value Units Reference
Egress Travel Speed along Platform, Corridor & Ramps 37.80 m/min 5.5.6.3
Travel Speed for Stairs 15 m/min 5.5.6.3
Egress Capacity of Platform, Corridor 81.9 p/m-min 5.5.6.3
Egress Capacity of Stairs 55.5 p/m-min 5.5.6.3
Egress Capacity of Escalators (stopped) 55.5 p/min
5.5.2, 5.5.2.1,
5.5.2.4
Egress Capacity of Escalators (in motion) 90-135 p/min
As per escalator
make
Egress Capacity through Fare barriers 50 p/min 5.5.6.3
Egress Capacity thro gate 89.30 p/m-min 5.5.6.3
Design Guideline as per NFPA-130 for computation of Evacuation time
and capacity of various egress elements
Fire & Life safety

27. Platform occupant load = (Service Disruption Interval x passenger entraining load per minute) +
Full train crush load/section load
Platform 1: First Station to Last Station Remarks
Entraing Load (Year 2021) 763 persons per hour As per Ridership data
every Five
minutes*1.2
76 persons ① 5.5.6
Alighting load (year2021) 224 persons per hour As per Ridership data
4 persons per Train ② Calculated train load
Peak Hour Link Load
(Up)
2,541 persons per hour As per Ridership date
51 persons per train ③
Occupant load for calculation (Up) =①+MIN(③､1840(Train load)） 127 persons
Platform 2: Last Station to First Station
Entraing Load 249 persons per hour As per Ridership data
every Five
minutes*1.2
25 persons ① 5.5.6
Alighting load 1,149 persons per hour As per Ridership data
23 persons per train ② Calculated train load
Peak Hour Link Load 4,770 persons per hour As per Ridership data
477 persons ③
Occupant load for calculation (Dn) =①+MIN(③､1840(Train load)） 502 persons
5.5.6.1 – 5.5.6.4
Platform Occupant Load = 502 persons
Station Occupant Load for PF 2: (5x25)+477=502
Fire & Life safety

28. Description of egress route
Time
(Minutes)
Remarks/basis
Walking time on platform 1.08 40.7 m @37.8m/min
Platform to concourse 0.47 6.75m @ 14.63m/min
Walking time on Concourse 0.8 30 m @ 37.8 m/min
Total egress time 2.35 < 6.0 minutes
Calculation of total egress time from platform to point of safety
Refuge area
Refuge area
Evacuation to point of safety in 6 mins
Fire & Life safety

29. Signage Design for Stations
Signage Design

30. Classification of Signage in Stations
30
Way finding
Identification
Statutory
Mandatory
Information
Prohibitory
Safety Signs
Signage Design

31. Color code for signage
Color Way finding signage : Any color apart from above with good contrast ratio of
Text with background
Signage Design

32. Standard/codes for Text Height
Recommended Text height in metro stations
is a min of 51 mm (for normal sight)
& 102 mm (for impaired sight)
1.”Guidelines for Transit facility; Signing and Graphic”,
TCRP Report 12
2.ADAAG (Americans with Disability act)
Signage Design

33. Signage design
Recommended placement of signs wrt
commuter movement

34. Thank you