Lipoprotein metabolism - (transport of lipids in the Blood)
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This presentation explains metabolism of lipoproteins (Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL) in very simple way. The presentation contains lots of animation to explain metabolism of individual lipoproteins.
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Lipoprotein metabolism - (transport of lipids in the Blood)
- 3. Transport of Lipids in the Blood Fat absorbed from the diet & fat synthesized by the liver must be transported between the various tissues & organs for utilization & storage. “ ” Since lipids are insoluble in water, these are transported in the form of lipoprotein. “ ”
- 4. Logic behind the structural design of lipoproteins Serum
- 6. Structure of Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ester Triacylglycerol Phospholipid Free Cholesterol Apoprotein
- 8. Classification of Lipoproteins • Lp can be classified based on…. – Density – Electrophoresis
- 10. Formed in the intestinal mucosal cells Rich in TG Contain apo-B-48 Apo-E Apo-C apo-A Transport of dietary lipids
- 12. • Synthesized in the liver Rich in TG • Contain… – apo-B-100, – C-II and – apo-E Transport of endogenous lipids
- 13. 60% 5% 15% 20% Very Low Density lipoproteins (VLDL) Triglycerides Protein Phospholipids Cholesterol
- 14. Synthesized from VLDL in circulation Rich in cholesterol Contain apoB-100 Transport of cholesterol to peripheral tissues
- 15. 8% 20%22% 50% Low Density lipoproteins (LDL) Triglycerides Protein Phospholipids Cholesterol
- 16. • Synthesized in the liver and intestine • Contain – Apo-A-I[Major] – Apo-C – Apo-E Transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to Liver.
- 17. 5% 40% 30% 25% High Density lipoproteins (HDL) Triglycerides Protein Phospholipids Cholesterol
- 18. Diagrammatic representation of lipoprotein with inc reasing densities Density % Protein Diameter
- 21. Apoproteins
- 29. chylomicron Chylomicron remnant Apo C-ll Apo E Apo C-ll Dietary Lipids HDL Capillaries Glycerol Liver Lipoprotein lipase GIT Muscle Adipose tissue Fat Fatty acids Metabolism of Chylomicrons Nascent chylomicron
- 30. VLDL Apo C-ll Apo E Apo C-ll & Apo E HDL Capillaries Glycerol Liver Lipoprotein lipase Muscle Adipose tissue Fat Fatty acids Metabolism of VLDL IDLLDL Muscle Nascent VLDL
- 36. Macrophage Foam cell Antioxidants Free radicals+- LDL Oxidized LDL
- 39. Lipoprotein (a) - “a little rascal” • Lp(a) is very strongly associated with myocardial infarction (MI) • And is sometimes called the “little rascal”. • Lp(a), when present, is attached to apo-B-100 by a disulfide bond. • Lp(a) is associated with heart attacks at the age of 30 or 40 years. “Indians have a higher level of Lp(a) than Western populations”.
- 40. Lipoprotein (a), “a little rascal”.
- 41. GIT Nascent HDL Muscle Adipose tissue Fat HDL3 HDL2 VLDL Chole Chole LCAT CCE Metabolism of HDL LCAT C, CE Bile acids & cholesterol (in bile) Chole
- 42. LCAT Lecithin-Cholesterol acyl transferase [LCAT] • a plasma enzyme, synthesized in the liver • LCAT activity is associated with apo A1 of HDL • It allows trapping of cholesterol in HDL • It is responsible for the reverse cholesterol transport.
- 43. AshokKatta Cholesterol ester transfer protein [CETP]
- 44. HDL and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
- 45. Diagnostic importance of lipoproteins Plasma lipid profile
- 47. Hyperlipoproteinemia • Elevation in one or more of the lipoprotein fractions constitutes hyperlipoproteinemias. • These disorders may be either… – Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia or – Secondary Hyperlipoproteinemia. • Frederickson’s classification of hyperliporoteinemias based on the electrophoretic patterns of plasma lipoproteins—is widely accepted to understand these disorders.
- 49. Hypolipoproteinemia • In hypolipoproteinemia concentration of one or more lipoproteins in plasma is decreased. – Abetalipoproteinemia – Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency
- 50. Abetalipoproteinemia • an autosomal recessive defect • a genetic defect in the synthesis of apo B. • The synthesis of lipoproteins that contain apo B (chylomicron and VLDL). • As a result, LDL is totally absent in circulation. • Both apo B-48 and B-100 are affected because they are inherited from the same gene. • Fat malabsorption occurs. • Absorption of fat soluble vitamins is severely impaired. • Resulting in degenerative changes in retina which may lead to blindness.
- 51. Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease) • Due to an inability to synthesize apo A. • Apo A is the major apolipoprotein of HDL. • This results in level of HDL in plasma and • Impair reverse transport of cholesterol. • This leads to the accumulation of cholesterol esters in tissue.
- 52. ….