“Civil resistance can force out dictators but isn’t enough to bring people power” Kunwar.asmit@gmail.com

1. Presented By:
Asmit Kunwar
Kunwar.asmit@gmail.com-facebook/ashmit kunwar
Group II
Presentin
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2. What Is Arab?
What Arab Spring Is?
Arab League
Nation
Arab
Language
spoken
Nation
The Arab spring/Uprising is a term given to
Revolutionary wave of riots, protests and civil
wars, that is taking place in the Arab world
which begun in December, 2010.

3. Goals
Employment
&
Economic
Freedom
Regime
Change
&
Free Election

4. Libya-Feb15th2011
Arab Uprising
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December 17th 2010, Tunisia - The Start of
Uprising
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Yemen
15th Jan, 2011
Egypt
25th Jan, 2011
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5. Methods
Protest Camp
Silent Protest
Urban Warfare
Strike Action
Insurgency
Internet Activism
Civil Resistance
Riots
Self-Immolation
Sit-Ins
Revolution
Demonstrations
Defection
Civil Disobedient

6. Arab Uprising In 2 Minutes

7. Tunisia
Once ruled by the Ottoman Empire before the
French took in 1881
First President Baurguiba established one party
state & ruled country for 31 years.
1987, prime minister Ben Ali Assume the presidency
Embattled Leader: President Zine Al Abdine Ben Ali
Longevity of his reign: 1987-2011 (24 Years)
Start Date Of the Uprising: December 17, 2010
The beginning of Arab Uprising
President Zine Al Abdine Ben
Ali, aged 80, 24 years in Regim

8. 17
dec
•Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26 Year old fruit Vendor Set Himself
on fire in the marginalized town of Sidi Bouzid in Front of
City headquarter
10 Dec- Jan
11
• Public outrage quickly grew over the incident to protests and
riots – 219 people killed
2 Jan
• International Cyber activist collective anonymous lunched
‘operation Tuneisia’ . The operation got the world media
attention
14 Jan
• Ben Ali dismissed the government and fled the Country. By
January 2011 a national unity government was formed
20 june
• Ben Ali and his wife ordered sentence for 35 years in prison
October
2011
• Election for constituent assembly held
Tunisia: The 2010-2011 Uprising
17 Dec 2010: Start protest by
Mohamed Bouaziz,
Where he ignite Himself in
flames

9. Egypt
Declared as Republic Country 1953
Rulers: 1952 – Muhammad Naguib, 1956 – Gamal Abdel Nasser,
1970 - Anwar Sadat, 1981 – Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak
Mubarak National Democractic Party (NDS) Government
maintained one-party rule under a continuous state of emergency
Mubarak earned the support of the west and a continuation of aid
from the US by maintaining policies of supression towards Islamic
militants and peace with Israel
Embattled Leader: President Zine Husini Mubarak
Longevity of his reign: 1981-2011 (30 Years)
Start Date Of the Uprising: Jan 25, 2011
Revolution Extends into Egypt

10. 0
•Egyptian Youth and opposition group organized a ‘Day of
Rage Campaign’
4
•Mubarak announces that he has sacked the cabinet, but himself refuses to
step down. Announces VP for the first time , Mr. Oar Sueliman, Country’s
former Spy Chief
6
•Mubarak names his new cabinet on state television, protestor continues to
defy the military imposed Curfew, about 2,50,000 people gather in Cario’s
Tahrir Square.
7
•Mubarak announces in a televised address that he will not run for re-
election but refuses to step down office
14
•Egypt’s Government approve a 15% raise in salaries and pensions in a bid to
appease the angry masses
17
•Mubarak repeats his promise not to run in next presidential elections and to
‘continue to shoulder’ responsiblities in peaceful transition that will take
place in September
18
•Mubarak resigns as President and handover power to Army
Egypt Uprising : The January
25, 2011- February 11, 2011
Casualties:
Death: 846
Injuries: 6,467
Arrested: 12,000
Results:
Overthrow of Mubarak Government
Democratic Election Held
Writing of New Constitution

11. Libya
Under the monarchy of king Idris before Gaddafi
over thrown the king, forming the Libya Arab
Republic.
Embattled Leader: President Moamar Al-Qaddafi
Population: 6.202 million (2013) World Bank
Official Language: Arabic
February 15, 2011
Civil War
The UN & NATO Reaction – Libya ‘Civil War’
Mumar Gadaffi Age 68, Killed After 42
years in Regime

12. 15
Feb
•Uprising Began after the security force put firing on protest.
Organized in Benghazi due to delays in housing units related
with political corruption.
` feb -
• The official “Day of Revolt” , thousand protestor joined on multiple cities.
Gaddafi force response firing live. The anti- government demonstrator swiftly
evolved into an armed revolt seeking to topple to Gadaffi – Civil War Broke
19 Mar
•Un Security council voted to impose No- Fly Zone over Libya by 10- 0 voting-
China, Russia, Germany, India & Brazil abstained. Nato started Air Strike as
soon resolution passed.
Aug
• With Military assistant from the west and Several Arab state , Rebel force
took Tripoli after six months of Fighting on account of several thousand
people killed.
Aug
• After 4 decades in power, Gaddafi went on the run.
20 Oct
• Gaddaffi was captured and killed outside Sirte.
The 2011- Libyan Civil War
Libyan Flag while
Gaddafi had control of
libya (1977-2011)
The Current Libyan Flag
after the rebels took
control

13. • 2012 : Government
struggles to control
local militias
• 2012 September -
Benghazi attack - US
ambassador and three
other Americans are
killed
• 2013 : 2nd phase of
Civil War
• 2014 : Rise of Islamic
State
• 2015 December :
Government of
National Accord was
formed of 17 minister
Aftermaths of Gadaffi

14. YemenYemen President Abdul Saleh was the forth Arab To be
forced out of power.
Inspired by Successful uprising in Tunisia & Egypt,
Demonstration calling the end of Saleh’s 33 year began in
January 2011.
President Saleh pledges not to extend his presidency in 2013
or to hand over to his son.
2011 June - After months of mounting protests, President
Saleh seriously injured in rocket attack and flown to Saudi
Arabia, returning home in September.
2011 November - President Saleh agrees to hand over power
to his deputy, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. Unity government
including prime minister from opposition formed.
2012 February - Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi inaugurated as
president after uncontested elections.
The UN & NATO Reaction – Yemen ‘Civil War’
Ali Abdul Saleh Age 70, Disposed After
33 years In Regime

15. • Since Taking power , president Hadi struggled to tackle
widespread Poverty and malnutration, an islamist
insurgency lead by al-qaeda, a secessionist movement in
south and Zaidi Shia(Houthi) rebel in North.
• Presidential panel gives approval for Yemen to become a
federation of six regions as part of its political transition.
• Houthi rebels take control of Sanaa so called capital by the
constitution. Houthis reject draft constitution proposed by
government. President Hadi flees to Aden southern
stronghold.
• Saudi-led coalition of Gulf Arab states launches air strikes
against Houthi targets and imposes naval blockade.
• 2015 September - President Hadi returns to Aden after
Saudi-backed government forces recapture the port city
from Houthi forces.
• 2016 April - Start of UN-sponsored talks between the
government on one side and Houthis and former President
Saleh's General People's Congress (GPC)Bomb Blast observed at Sanaa
During an air strike

16. Bahrain
King Hamad Al-Khalifa Aged 63 in power
since 1999
Embattled Leader: King Hamad Al-Khalifa
Longevity of his reign: Since 1999
Start Date of the uprising: March 18, 2011
The country has been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty since
1783
On the death of his father Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Hamad
became Emir of Bahrain on 6 March 1999.
On 14 February 2011, the ninth anniversary of the writing
of the Constitution of 2002, Bahrain was rocked by protests
inspired by the Arab Spring and co-ordinated by
a Facebook page named "Day of Rage in Bahrain", a page
that was liked by tens of thousands just one week after its
creation.
“The End of discrimination against majority Shia Muslim
community by Sunni royal family”

17. The protestors were driven by security forces. King declared the state of
emergency and brought in troops from neighboring Sunni-led Gulf states to
restore order and crush dissent.
Focal point of demonstrations - the Pearl monument - is demolished.
2011 April - Government moves to ban two main political parties which
represent the Shia majority.
2012 May - Leading opposition activist Abdulhadi al-Khawaja ends a three-
month hunger strike. A military court jailed him for life in June 2011 for
"plotting against the state".
2013 February - National dialogue talks begin in effort to end unrest.
2014 May - Leading rights activist Nabeel Rajab is released after two years in
prison; he urges the government and the opposition to engage in dialogue.
2015 March - Bahrain and four other GCC states take part in Saudi-led air
strikes on Houthi rebels in Yemen.
2016 August - A UN-appointed panel accused the authorities of carrying out a
systematic campaign of harassment against the country's Shia Muslim
population.
The unrest left at least 30 civilians
and 5 policemen dead. All most
3,000 people were arrested and
sentenced long term prison by
military court.

18. Morocco
Embattled Leader: King Mohammed VI
Longevity of regime: 17 years
Official Language: Arabic
Start Date of uprising
Constitution reforms implemented in
response to protest
The protest in morocco
King Mohammed VI , Age 53

19. 2011 February - Thousands of people rally in Rabat and other cities calling for
political reform and a new constitution
2011 April - 17 people - mainly foreigners - are killed in a bomb attack on a
Marrakech cafe. The al-Qaeda denies the involvement.
2011 July - King Mohammed scores a landslide victory in a referendum on a
reformed constitution he proposed to placate "Arab Spring" protests.
Demonstrators continue to call for deeper reforms.
2011 November - Parliamentary elections won by moderate Islamist Justice
and Development Party (PJD).
2012 May - Tens of thousands take part in Casablanca trade union rally, the
largest since the new government took office in January.
2013 October - King appoints new government following a power-sharing
deal forged by Prime Minister Abdelila Benkirane
2016 March - Morocco expels more than 80 UN staff in Western Sahara,
reacting angrily to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's use of the word
"occupation" to describe Rabat's 1975 annexation of the area.
The unrest left at least 30 civilians
and 5 policemen dead. All most
3,000 people were arrested and
sentenced long term prison by
military court.

20. Jordan
King King Abdullah II Aged 54 in power
since 1999
Embattled Leader: King Hamad Al-Khalifa
Longevity of his reign: Since 1999
Start Date of the uprising: January, 2011
Constitution Reforms implemented in response to
protest
The Modern King in Arab Uprising

21.  2011 January - Tunisian street protests which unseat
the president encourage similar demonstrations in
other countries, including Jordan.
 2011 February - Against a background of large-scale street
protests, King Abdullah appoints a new prime minister, former
army general Marouf Bakhit, and charges him with carrying
out political reforms.
 2012 April - Prime Minister Awn al-Khasawneh resigns
abruptly. King Abdullah appoints former prime minister Fayez
al-Tarawneh to succeed him.
 2012 October - King Abdullah calls early parliamentary
elections for January.
 2012 November - Clashes between protesters and supporters
of the king follow mass demonstrations in Amman against the
lifting of fuel subsidies, at which calls for the end of the
monarchy are heard. Three people are killed.
 2014 September - Jordan is one of four Arab states to take
part, together with the US, in air strikes on Islamic State
militants in Syria.
 European Union says it is providing 100 million euros ($113
million) in loans to Jordan to help it deal with the fallout from
crises in Syria and Iraq.
 2016 February - King Abdullah says Jordan has reached
saturation point in its ability to take in more Syrian refugees.
Jordanian protesters hold a giant
national flag, as they march
during a protest demanding the
resignation of the prime
minister

22. SYRIA
President Bashar Al- Assad Aged 48, in power
Since 2000
Embattled Leader: President Bashae al-Asad
Longevity of his reign: Since 2000 –
Start Date of the uprising: March 18, 2011
Protests demanding greater freedom and an end to
corruption began in southern city of Deraa in
March 2011. After The security force fire on
Demonstrators, more took to the streets.
By July 2011, hundreds of thousands of people
across the country were attending protests
demanding president Bashar al-Assad’s
resignation.
45+ years of Assad Family Rule

23.  Opposition Supporter begun to
take up arms forming a armed
militia group and soon started
fighting back the loyalist.
 The uprising against President
Assad gradually turned into a
full-scale civil war
 2011 November - Arab League
votes to suspend Syria, accusing
it of failing to implement an
Arab peace plan, and imposes
sanctions.
 2012 February - Government
steps up the bombardment of
Homs and other cities.
 2012 December - US, Britain,
France, Turkey and Gulf states
formally recognize opposition
National Coalition as
"legitimate representative" of
Syrian people.

24. 2013- Raise of Islamic State
2013 September - UN weapons inspectors conclude that
chemical weapons were used in an attack on the Ghouta
Assad allowed all his Un inspector to destroy chemical
weapon.
2014- Islamic State of Iraq and Syria militants declare
"caliphate" in territory from Aleppo to eastern Iraqi province of
Diyala.
2014 September - US and five Arab countries launch air strikes
against Islamic State around Aleppo and Raqqa.
Russian intervention
2015 September - Russia carries out its first air strikes in Syria,
saying they target the Islamic State group, but the West and
Syrian opposition say it overwhelmingly targets anti-Assad
rebels.
2016 February - A US-Russian-brokered partial ceasefire is
agreed but fails to stick, as do repeated subsequent attempts.
2016 September - The UN suspends all aid convoys after an air
strike on its lorries kills 20 civilians near Aleppo.
Death Count in Syria: 450,000 - Children:
50,000

26. 5 Years of Arab Uprising
Tunisia itself remains, precariously, as
the country that has achieved most
political change since the Arab spring at
the lowest human cost.
“Civil resistance can force out dictators but isn’t
enough to bring people power”
Four autocrats gone in just over a year.

27. wGoafb ...
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