19. Size (Instrument Standardization)
Diameter at the tip
100th of a millimeter
Sizes 15-60 increments of 0.05 mm
Later 80-140 increments of o.01 mm
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20. Color Coding (Instrument Standardization)
White, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green & Black
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25. Hand Driven Instruments
Basic Enlarging Instruments
Hybrid Enlarging Instruments
Modifications in instruments design
Modifications in method of manufacture
Modifications in instrument material
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27. Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
Modification in instrument Cross-Section
Flex R K-Flex S-File &
File file Uni File U-File
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28. Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
Modification in the depth & the angle of the blades
S-File &
H-File Uni File
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29. Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
Modification in the length of the blades
Canal Master &
Light Speed Files
GT Rotary Files
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30. Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
Modification in the numbering system
Profile Series 29
Golden Mediums
Modification in the method of manufacturing
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31. Modifications in instrument Design
(Hybrid Enlarging Instrument)
Modification in the material of manufacture
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35. Compare & Contrast
Sonic Ultrasonic
Frequency < 20 KHz 20 – 50 KHz
Power Compressed Air Electric
Irrigant Water NaOCl
Instrument Rispi Files K-Files
Brands Endosonic 3000 Enac
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43. Rotary Instruments
(Engine Driven Instruments)
Superelastic Material
High torque hand pieces
Low speed 300-600 rpm
Used to full length
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