Robotix Tutorial 4

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Negócios Tecnologia

TECHNOLOGY ROBOTICS SOCIETY Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

A TUTORIAL ON ROBOTICS Motor Drivers

DC Motor Drivers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

DC Motor Direction Control ,[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur S 1 S 3 S 2 S 4 M 1 2 V CC Power Transistor Switches

H – Bridge Working Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur S1 S2 S3 S4 Current Direction Effect 1 0 0 1 1 to 2 Motor spins forward 0 1 1 0 2 to 1 Motor spins backward 1 1 0 0 - Braking Occurs 0 0 0 0 - Free running

DC Motor Speed Control Circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

DC Motor Speed Control Cont… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

Duty Cycle Fundamentals

Duty Cycle Cont… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

Pulse Width Modulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

Both Speed & Direction Control Copyright © Robotix Team, IIT Kharagpur

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In this paper, various types of speed control methods for the single phase induction motor are described. Speed can be controlled to control the frequency or slip can be controlled to control the torque. Then flux and torque are also function of frequency and voltage. Various methods are used to control the flux and voltage. This paper is focused on sliding mode control technique for induction motor.

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Speed control of a machine is the most vital and important part in any industrial organization. This paper is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake. It also has a feature of speed control. The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement they can rotate in clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately. In such scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features. Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed control of the motor can be achieved with the PWM pulses generated by the microcontroller. The microcontroller used in this project is from 8051 family. Push buttons are provided for the operation of the motor which are interfaced to the microcontroller that provides an input signal to it and controls the speed of the motor through a motor driver IC. The speed and direction of DC motor has been observed on digital CRO. Microcontroller programming has been written in assembly language by using notepad and it has been converted in hex file by using micro vision Kiel. The burning of programming in the 8051 microcontroller chip has been done by using positron boot loader software.

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In our research paper titled "Qualitative Analysis on Tax Evasion and Reasons for Reluctance to Join ATL in Pakistan," we delve into the intricate dynamics of tax compliance and explore the underlying reasons why individuals in Pakistan might hesitate to become a part of the Active Taxpayer List (ATL) within the framework of business law and taxation. With a multidisciplinary approach, our team of five researchers embarked on an in-depth exploration of tax evasion behaviors and the factors influencing them. Through qualitative analysis, we aimed to unravel the complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors shaping tax compliance attitudes among Pakistani taxpayers. Drawing on a diverse range of qualitative research methods, including interviews, focus groups, and content analysis, we gathered rich insights from a diverse sample of individuals representing various sectors of the economy. By immersing ourselves in the lived experiences and perceptions of taxpayers, tax advisors, and legal experts, we uncovered nuanced perspectives on tax evasion practices and attitudes toward ATL membership. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of tax evasion in Pakistan, shedding light on both the motivations driving non-compliance and the barriers to ATL enrollment. From perceived inefficiencies in the tax system to cultural norms and trust deficits in governmental institutions, our research identifies a myriad of factors contributing to tax evasion behavior and reluctance to join ATL. Furthermore, our study offers valuable implications for policymakers, tax authorities, and business stakeholders seeking to enhance tax compliance and foster a culture of transparency and accountability in Pakistan's taxation landscape. By addressing the underlying drivers of tax evasion and promoting the benefits of ATL membership, policymakers can design more effective strategies to broaden the tax base and promote sustainable economic development. In conclusion, our research paper represents a comprehensive endeavor to deepen our understanding of tax compliance dynamics in Pakistan and elucidate the complexities surrounding ATL enrollment. By unraveling the intricacies of tax evasion behaviors and attitudes, we hope to contribute to informed policymaking and foster a culture of tax compliance and integrity in Pakistan's business and taxation environment.

Challenges and Opportunities: A Qualitative Study on Tax Compliance in Pakistan

Challenges and Opportunities: A Qualitative Study on Tax Compliance in Pakistan

Challenges and Opportunities: A Qualitative Study on Tax Compliance in Pakistan

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