Blindness Essay

Milton's 'On His Blindness' Essay
John Milton was born on December 9 1608. He graduated from Christ's College at Cambridge
University. Once he had graduated, Milton became a big supporter of Oliver Cromwell, a man
who opposed the power of the monarchy. Milton worked diligently to write and print pamphlets
for Cromwell. He was warned that all the work would damage his already poor eyesight, but he
didn't listen and in 1651 at the age of 44 Milton became blind. In his later years he lived in the
country and wrote poetry. His poem Paradise lost is considered to be one the most important poems
written in English.
The theme of 'On his blindness' is loss of sight and the poets' frustration with this. He is frustrated
because his blindness prevents him from using his ability to...show more content...
The tone of the poem is one of darkness and light. He mentions "my light is spent", light being the
time before he went blind. Later he talks about spending the rest of his life "in this dark world and
wide" meaning the future now that he is blind. Milton uses alliteration and contrast to try and give
the readers an understanding of his affliction.
The mood of the poem is one of impatience and frustration. Milton is not happy that is no longer
able to write poetry because he is loosing his eyesight.
'On his blindness' is a Petrarchan sonnet and which has been written in iambic pentameter. Milton
has used a broad knowledge of scripture to create a very personal poem which moves from loss to
understanding and gain. It is written in the form ABBAABBACDECDE.
In line 1 Milton considers how his "light" is used up or wasted, light could mean his eyesight but
because Milton was very religious, it could also mean an inner light or spirituality.
Line 4, "Lodged with me useless" means that Milton's talent as a poet is now useless because he can
no longer see.
In lines 4 to6 Milton talks about his desire to serve God by writing poetry and the feeling that his
talent will be wasted now that he is unable to see. He also wishes to present a "true account" of
himself to God.
In line 8 Patience is capitalized and could be personification. It could represent an aspect of Milton's
inner self. In the remaining six lines patience
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Blindness Essay
The term blindness implies total or
partial loss of vision involving both eyes. The exact
level of vision defined as blindness, however,
varies in different countries because of differing
legal or social requirements. In the United States,
blindness is defined as unimprovable vision of
20/200 (6/60) or worse. This means that an
individual is generally considered blind who, even
with the use of ordinary eyeglasses, can see no
better at 20 ft (6 m) than a person with normal
vision can see at 200 ft (60 m). On the other hand,
the World Health Organization (WHO) Program
Advisory Group on the Prevention of Blindness
lists the vision level suggested as blindness as a
visual acuity of less than 10/200 (3/60), which is
twice as...show more content...
Thus in developing countries in tropical
areas, the number of blind persons may reach at
least 21 million (using the WHO definition). This
high figure is due to the massive prevalence of
such eye diseases as TRACHOMA,

onchocerciasis (RIVER BLINDNESS), and the
NUTRITION–DEFICIENCY DISEASES
keratomalacia and xerophthalmia. In addition, few
eye doctors are present in such regions to treat
CATARACT or accidental eye injuries. In other
developing countries where eye care is not easily
available and the presence of untreated cataract
and undetected GLAUCOMA is also critical, the
number of blind persons may reach 5.5 million. In
developed countries with advanced medical
services, on the other hand, most curable
blindness is treated. Thus although many persons
may have vision problems, the exact number of
blind individuals may be less than 2 million. The
main causes of blindness in such countries are
age–related cataract, glaucoma, DIABETES, and
macular degeneration (see EYE DISEASES). In
the United States about 1 million cataracts are
removed each year and vision improved with
either an intraocular plastic lens, a contact corneal
lens, or a cataract glass. Several million Americans
are also being treated for glaucoma, which if
caught in its early stages can usually be dealt with
by medication or surgery. PAUL HENKIND,

M.D. Bibliography: Dobree, J. H., and

Blindness Essay
"I did it to myself. It wasn't society... it wasn't a pusher, it wasn't being blind or being black or
being poor. It was all my doing" (Carin 84). Quoted from Ray Charles about the success he's had in
his life. His disability did not stop him from changing the music industry to how it is today.
The number of people around the world affected by blindness. Worldwide almost eighty percent of all
visual impairment is avoidable (Marcovitz 7). Luckily, over twelve million suffer from less degrees
of vision impairment (Plone 2017). World Health Organization "as many as three–hundred million
people will suffer from blindness or other severe vision disabilities" (NFB 2017). Blindness affects
more than one million Americans who fit severe vision...show more content...
There is lots of treatment for blindness in general that has saved people. The treatment for
blindness is close to the same treatment for cancer one way that can fix blindness is killing the red
blood cells in the eye (79). Other ways would be using angiogenesis inhibitors which are drugs that
which grows new blood cells in the eye to help circulate blood through the eye (79). These are some
of many different types of treatment they use Radiation therapy, electronic implants, Stem cell
therapy, cell transplants, and retinal tissue transplants (79). There are many professionals in the
study of blindness that help find cures and help. These are just some of the many doctors
ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians (66).
Charles started to lose his sight at the age of four or five, and was completely blind by the age of
seven, apparently as a result of glaucoma (52). Has lived with it his whole life because it was severe
blindness (52). This ability can and does affect many people's lives Socially, physically, mentally,
physically, and excetra people with severe blindness need help finding objects to buy or find. Like
if they are at the store looking for specific items a friend or worker may have to help them find the
items (48).
How blindness affects many people and their daily activities. Many people who have severe vision
impairment may need to set their belt in a

Blindness Essay Outline
Intro Paragraph– hook: Background: Ever since we have been humans, blindness has been a
problem. It has grown over time and gotten to be massive problem is a person's everyday life.
Thesis: Blindness is a problem because most cases of blindness can be avoided, it's increasing
tremendously, technology isn't made for the blind, learning has to be altered, and it's expensive.
First Body Paragraph–
Blindness is a problem because most of the time it can't be avoided. Although most people think
that most cases of blindness can be avoided, but that's not true. This is proven in an article posted
by Everyday Health that was written by Tammy Worth, and medically reviewed by Robert Jasmer,
MD. Tammy states that, "Diabetes is the top cause of...show more content...
Second Body Paragraph–
Blindness is a problem because blindness cases are suppose to increase tremendously. In a research
led by Rohit Varma, M.D., director of the University of Southern California's Roski Eye Institute.
"The number of people with visual impairment or blindness in the United States is expected to double
to more than 8 million by 2050." Also found in the research led by Rohit Varma, M.D., they found
"the number of people with legal blindness will increase by 21 percent each decade to 2 million
by 2050." The number of blindness cases are suppose to rise extremely. More and more people are
going to be blind, which means more and more of the population is going to be affected by
blindness. There are going to be tons of people affected by blindness, making blindness are big
problem. Although most people don't believe that blindness is increasing, they actually believe that
blindness is decreasing. But that's not true because Varma was able to show that blindness is in fact
actually increasing through research.
Along with cases increasing, blindness is also a problem because technology is hard for blind
people to use.
Third Body Paragraph–
Blindness is a problem because technology is getting harder for blind people to use. In an article
posted by Kate Beck, a certified ophthalmic technician, she stated that "Technology poses a
challenge for blind people as well. For example a blind person cannot read the information on a
webpage." When

Visual Impairment
Visual Impairment
Introduction
Vision challenge or impairment is when a person's degree of seeing is very low and the affected
person requires assistance in order to carry out daily routine. Significantly, for one to qualify as
visually impaired there must be prove that a person cannot undertake duties by himself without
necessary assistance. For a person to qualify as a visually challenged, there must be a prove that the
affected eyes cannot be conventionally treated. Visual challenge cannot be corrected by surgery,
refractive measures neither by medication and that is why it is termed as visual impairment. The most
rampart causes of visual challenge are trauma, degenerative or congenital means and a variety of
diseases. In the society,...show more content...
Additionally, such students are not able to effectively use gestures (Fan & Cheung, 2005). Most of
the developmental steps of such chilren are delayed due to lack of vison. In emotional context, they
may feel helplessness while interacting with others. These children can develop congnitive
impairment because they they lack the integrating experience of association and classification and
the understaning of these experiences. The other challenge faced with such children to develop
their vocabulary. Sighted children can easily acquire these skills by reading, watching facial
expressions and movements, but visually impaired children are unable to expereince this and it
hinders their capability to improve their vocabulary. Physically, a visually impaired student is
constantly rubbing their eyes and is always blinking. Frowning, squinting and holding books at
close range are other characteristics of visually impaired individuals. Lastly, visually impaired
learners are constantly complaining of dizziness, nausea, itchy eyes as well as blurred vision (Fan &
Cheung, 2005).
Educational needs
Visually impaired kids should never be discriminated from attaining quality education. If the right
procedure is adapted in delivery of information or rather education to such students, they will equally
possess the same level of education as normal children. The procedure of teaching a blind

Deaf Blindness
Deaf Blindness
Most people assume that a deaf blind child is someone who is not able to hear or see. "Our country's
special educational law defines deaf–blindness as the combination of the visual and hearing
impairment" ("Deaf Blindness"). These two impairments make the person lose his or her
communication skills, developmental and educational needs. The National Consortium on Deaf–
Blindness observes that the key feature of deaf–blindness is that the "combination of losses limits
access to auditory and visual information" ("Deaf Blindness"). Through this research I was able to
discover the origin of deaf blindness and explore about this disability.
"Laura Bridgaman was the first person who was an individual with deaf blindness...show more
content...
This vaccine should not be used by a pregnant woman. After taking this vaccine the women who
received should wait at least two months to elapse before getting pregnant (Bekker).
All the children with deaf blindness differ from each other. They are all unique in their own way.
The amount of visual and auditory loss varies in all individuals. The sensory input sometimes
gets damaged but for some other individuals it won't get damaged. The vision and hearing may be
lost from birth but for some others it takes time and eventually gets lost. "Either or both losses
may be gradual or immediate and may not be accompanied by the loss of other body functions"
(Mcllnnes and Treffry). Deaf blind people will face symptoms that are combined. There will be
symptoms based on loss of hearing and loss of vision. There are different types of conditions that
may lead to deaf blindness. Congenial Rubella Syndrome and Usher Syndrome are common
conditions that lead an individual to be a deaf blind. loss of a little vision and hearing is very
common among older people. It's just a sign of aging. This can rarely lead to be a deaf blind person
(Schneider, O'Toole, and Fletcher).
Based on the statistics 45000 to 50000 people in US are deaf–blind. "According to the 2007 National
Deaf–Blind Child Count, over 10,000 are children under the age of 21"("Deaf Blindness"). The
word deaf Blindness is sometimes misunderstood by people. They think it means a person who
cannot hear

Essay on Color Blindness
Color Blindless
Color blindness is the inability to distinguish particular colors. It is generally an inherited trait, but
can result from a chemical imbalance or eye injury. There are three primary colors. They are red,
blue, and yellow. All other colors are the results of different combinations of primarycolors.
Special visual cells, called cones, are respon–sible for our ability to see color. People with normal
vision have three different types of cones, each responsible for a different primary color.
The absence of particular cones causes the absence of particular colors.
This can be one cause of color blindness. There are four types of color...show more content...
These people tend to confuse blue, yellow, and gray, but not red and green.
Normal vision is called trichromatism. Most color blind people have a version of trichro–matism
called anomalous trichromatism. People with this condition can see the same colors as people with
normal vision, but not as well.
For example, many people with this common form of color blindness are "green– weak".
This means, they see green, but to see the same color normal people see when green and yellow is
mixed, more green must be added. "Green–weak" and
"red–weak" are the most prevalent forms of anomalous trichromatism. The "blue–
weak" form is rare.
Color blindness can be tested in a variety of ways. The Hardy–Rand–
Rittler and Ishihara tests indicate both the type of degree of color blindness.
In these tests, a variety of shapes, letters, and numbers lie in a jumbled mess of dots. The dots vary
in both color and intensity, which cam–ouflage the shapes. A person's ability to detect such shapes
directly corresponds with their degree of color blindness.
Other tests, such as the Holmgren yarn–matching test, and the
Farnsworth–Munsell 100–hue disk–matching test, measure one's ability to match colors. This can be
useful when determines one's degree of anomalous chromatism.

Blindness Essay
More than one million Americans suffer from blindness, a severe vision impairment (Marcovitz
6). Blindness can be caused from an accident or a disease (10). One victim of blindness, Stevie
Wonder, has overcome it by making music and performing. His positive outlook on life helps him
achieve many things (79). Being blind means a person is sightless or is unable to distinguish dark
colors from light colors, but they can still overcome it (Dahl). Eye diseases, like glaucoma and
cataracts, can be causes of blindness. Symptoms of glaucoma may include headaches, pain in the
eyes, or blurry vision (Marcovitz...show more content...
In future technology, surgeries, such as implant surgery and transplantation of retinal tissue may
help blind people (Marcovitz 73, 76). In 1831 Perkins School for the Blind was the first school to
help blind people read, communicate, and speak. Later, Louis Braille discovered Braille, a code
using dots and dashes for the alphabet (34). When rubbing fingers across it, the markings indicate
certain numbers or letters (33). Guide dogs can also aid the blind when walking around so they
know where to go (45). Groups such as the American Foundation for the Blind and National
Federation of the Blind help provide assistance and new laws for blind people and their families
(41). Preventing eye disease and blindness is important. Wearing protective eyewear, and
practicing healthy habits like exercising and eating well (Marcovitz 68) can prevent blindness.
Getting regular eye exams (Worth) can also help detect it earlier as well (Dahl). There are many
people worldwide and in America who are blind. About fifty million people around the world
(Dahl) and over one million Americans (Marcovitz 6) are totally blind (Dahl). Therefore, it is
essential to take steps to prevent blindness. Stevie Wonder, one of the many affected by blindness,
was born on May 13, 1950 in Saginaw, Michigan where his love for music began. Wonder was born
prematurely and has been blind since infancy because the blood vessels in his eyes were not fully
developed (Marcovitz 6) but, he believes

The novel Blindness Essay
The novel Blindness The sinners dealt with in our past novels and the present novel Blindness
empathetically been assigned the trait of ignorance. Thus, providing the root of sin and degration of
lives, as relating to the treatment of people in the short story Somni in the novel Cloud Atlas.
Focusing on Blindness, the ungreedy are horribly dealt with by the thugs with a "conscience with
teeth to bite" (18). This quality of man is the result of how humans sometimes favor short–term
luxuries over long term consequences. This can be related to the car thief of the blind man near the
...show more content...
Saramago uses the depiction of misfortune to allow the blind to act so inhumanely in this novel.
There is the perception that "humanity will manage to live without eyes, but then it will cease to be
humanity", which is what the doctors wife perceives on her repentance of her murderous revenge on
the thief. Saramago also perceives that "revenge is just human" (256).
The doctor's wife at least shows her respect of her own dignity due to her compunction of her
"humanitarian motives" (256) and by "weighing up her consequences" (78) unlike most of the
others. But then again, there is no humanity within the blind. This logic is what backs up the group
of seven's constant cease of indignation. The doctor's wife symbolizes hope and dignity considering
her engagement of leadership on the seven strangers. One's experience affects its quality;
representing the doctors wife's deliverance of faith to the others. And in the environment they were
in, eyes were the best technique for experience. She "must stay, it's [her] duty"; that motive of hope
maintained the other's treatment of they're own dignity (252). The protagonist's gender is another
metaphor for the doctor's wife's quality, especially when recollecting on the "masculine logic"
involved in this novel (168).
"All steps of indignity" endured by the main group in Blindness are usually based on a life or death

Color Blindness Essay
Color Blindness
Many people refer to problems with one's ability to see color as color blindness, however, unless a
person can't see any color at all, color vision problems should be called by another term. Common
terms are abnormal color vision, color deficiency and color vision confusion. Females maybe be
effected by color blindness, but usually they are just carriers. Males are more often affected.
About 8% of males and 0.5% of females are effected by color blindness. Although color blindness
may be a result of another eye disorder, the majority of color blind cases are hereditary and present
at birth. The retina, is a complex nerve system which converts light energy into electrical energy that
is then transmitted...show more content...
This is the rarest form of color blindness. This is when no colors can be seen at all. The color
receptors are almost completely gone in this form, however, the white and black receptors remain
intact. However, this condition is often misdiagnosed without proper testing. There are three
basic types of color blindness: deuteranopia, protanopia and tritanopia. Deuteranopia is a
condition in which people have trouble dealing with green. These people are one of the largest
groups of color blind people. Very often, these people also have a problem with red. These people
can often distinguish red or green when with other colors, but when it is by itself, it is very difficult.
Many people will just see it as white. Protanopia are those seem to need an abnormal amount of red
or have no sense of red color vision. Often, people will see bold red as black or nonexistent. Some
people may see red–orange as brown and yellow–green as brown. In other words, neither red or
green can often be distinguished for sure. Tritanopia are those who have trouble distinguishing blue
and yellow. This disorder is much less common than the red–green colorblindness, and is usually
acquired, not received through heredity. These people may see both blue and yellow as white. They
may even see mint green or pink as an equal to light blue. Red color blindness is the most common.
This is when the red color receptors are nonexistent. These

Change Blindness Essay
Change Blindness
After investigating spatial cognition and the construction of cognitive maps in my previous paper,
"Where Am I Going? Where Have I Been: Spatial Cognition and Navigation", and growing in my
comprehension of the more complex elements of the nervous system, the development of an
informed discussion of human perception has become possible. The formation of cognitive maps,
which serve as internal representations of the world, are dependent upon the human capacities for
vision and visual perception (1). The objects introduced into the field of vision are translated into
electrical messages, which activate the neurons of the retina. The resultant retinal message is
organized into several forms of sensation and is...show more content...
The concept of change blindness has been addressed over the course of nearly half a century, with
increasing focus on the subject throughout the past five years (3). Although biologists, psychologists,
and philosophers have yet to resolve definitively the paradox of looking without seeing, the
investigation of each theory on the matter yields deeper insight into visual perception and sight as
well as a decreasingly incorrect understanding of those components of the nervous system, which are
crucial for visual cognition. Under normal viewing conditions, changes produce transient signals that
can draw attention. Change blindness studies are designed to eliminate or block these transient
signals by inserting a visual disruption when the change occurs (3). Flicker Paradigm studies
examine the occurrence of change blindness and attempt to explain the inability to not see that
which is directly in front of our eyes. The Flicker Paradigm demonstrates the essentiality of
attention in the process of seeing (4). The alternation of an object and a modified version of that
same object is interrupted by millisecond flashes of blank space. Subjects are then asked to report
changes in the images.
In order understand the events leading to the failure to recognize change, comprehension of the
mechanism by which change is successfully recognized is requisite. According to the traditional
understanding of this process, an individual must form an internal

Coping with Blindness
Coping With Blindness
Blindness: The state of lacking sight or not being able to see.
People in their everyday lives use their eye sight to help them function with everything they do.
We never usually stop and think about the consequences and changes we would have to make if
we were to one day lose our vision. Some people question about how we could lose our sight.
There are many different ways this might happen. It could be by accident, with something injuring
the eye. It could also be Cataracts, this could effect vision since the lens in the eye becomes foggy
and eventually over time vision could be totally impaired. Glaucoma could be another cause, this is
when fluids in the eye build up and cause too much pressure in the eye; damaging important nerves.
There are many other diseases and illnesses that could cause blindness. Once you go blind there is a
very slim chance that you will get your vision back. You will have to deal with the fact that your
life will never be the same and you will need to get the help to cope with your life changing loss.
Over the years experts have developed ways to make coping with blindness easier for people.
Giving tips and providing devices to help them complete tasks and activities in their life just a bit
easier. Whether its transportation, communicating or things we do in our everyday lives; specialists
will keep finding ways to help the visually impaired and the blind.
Obviously transportation is a key thing in our lives. Being

Color Blindness Essay
1st period
Color Blindness Color blindness is the inability to see certain colors in the usual way; also called
a color vision problem. A color vision problem can change your life. It makes it harder to learn and
read, and you may not be able to have certain careers. Many young children get teased because of
their condition, and few will believe what they are told. But people with color blindness can and have
learned to make up for their problems seeing color. Color blindness affects a good amount of
people, although exact proportions are different among ethnic groups. For example, in Australia it
occurs in about eight percent of males and about point four percent of females. Isolated groups with
a little gene pool...show more content...
The nerves are called cones, on the retina, the light sensitive tissue layer that lines the back of the
eye. We have 6 to 7 million cones in the human retina, and they are responsible for color vision. If
just one pigment is missing, then you may have trouble telling the difference between green and
red. That is the most common type of color blindness. If a different pigment is missing, then you
may have trouble telling the difference between yellow and blue. Normally, people with yellow and
blue color blindness usually have problems identifying reds and greens, too. The most severe, but
rare form of color blindness is Achromatopsia. Someone with this condition can't see any color, so
they see shades of gray. Achromatopsia is often associated with lazy eye, nystagmus (when the eye
makes small, jerky movements), severe light sensitivity, and very poor vision. This condition isn't
always inherited; sometimes it can
be caused by aging, injury, or side effects to medication. (Fu, Michael MD, http:/
/www.eyehealthweb.com/conditions/color–blindness/) Often, the symptoms may be so unnoticed
that some people do not know they are color blind. When a child is learning their colors, the
parent should be able to tell if they are color blind. Nystagmus may occur in severe cases. Color
blindness is a lifelong condition, and most people are able to adjust to it without difficulty or
disability. The observation

Blindness Essay

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Blindness Essay