This document discusses marine cargo handling and management. It begins by explaining that many cargo ships rely entirely on shoreside equipment to load and unload cargo, though some ships have self-loading capabilities. It then defines cargo ships and notes they transport goods between ports worldwide. The document goes on to describe key aspects of port operations in the US, including both public and private terminals that employ longshoremen to load and unload different types of ships. It also provides details on the main features and functions of ports, such as facilitating ship movements, cargo loading and storage, and various value-added logistics services. Finally, it outlines different types of ports and discusses port management goals and structures.

1. Marine cargo
handling and
management
Samridhi gupta
Vikash tripathi
Abhishek thakur
Vijay jaglan
hemant singh
(bba lm)

2. 2
Introduction
Many ships today, such as large containerships or
bulk carriers, rely entirely on shoreside cargo
handling equipment to load and discharge their
cargo. But many types of ship are still equipped
with systems which, in cargo-handling terms,
provide self-sufficiency.
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that
carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another.
Thousands of cargo carriers play the world's seas and oceans each
year, handling the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are
usually specially designed for the task, often being equipped
with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload, and come
in all sizes.

3. Marine cargo- its means the goods and containers which is
imported or exported by ships in inland water ways or oceans
through national or international borders. And its handling and
management is done by any private port company or government
also. Its whole responsibilities is on the government and port
authorities or companies.
3
Ports on the U.S. West, East, and Gulf Coasts include both public facilities governed
by port authorities and privately held terminals. Companies employ stevedores or
longshoremen to load and unload break-bulk, bulk, or container ships. Most of these
workers belong to a longshoremen's union. The goals of these unions are to preserve
longshore employment and to raise the wages of members. The West Coast trade
has represented about 50 percent of the total containerized waterborne trade in the
United States, supported by high-growth markets in the Asia-Pacific region.

4. MAIN FEATURES & OPERATIONS OF PORTS:
Ports reflect national heritage, local commercial
attitudes, practices, and laws that differ widely between
nations.
Ports require long-term, expensive, and specialized
investments and resources that represent a substantial
chunk of national economy.
Ports are large civil engineering undertakings and a
collection of activities entailing huge sunk costs.
Ports provide ship/shore intermodal interface.

5. The advent of intermodalism has caused ports to compete
for cargoes. This has jolted businesses to increase port
efficiency and value-added activities in recent years.
Value-added activities range from
cargo loading and discharging,
industrial services in ports,
combining and separating cargoes,
up-to-date information on inventory and cargo movements,
stuffing/de-stuffing containers,
loading cargo in crates and crates on pallets,
shrink-wrapping, labeling, weighing, repackaging.

6. Operational functions:
Facilitating arrival and departure of ships
Providing navigational aids and Vessel Traffic
Separation (VTS) facilities
Pilotage, tugging and mooring activities
Use of berths, sheds, etc
Loading, discharging, storage and distribution of
cargo
Facilitating supply chain logistics and management

21. Ports form a vital aspect of the national transport
infrastructure.
Ports form the main transport link with their
international trading partners and are a focal point for
national and regional motorways and railways.
Ports are a blessing for national prosperity – they
provide a gateway for trade and attract commercial
infrastructure such as banks, shipping agencies, freight
forwarders, stevedores, etc.
Ports create a hustle and bustle of industrial activity.
Ports are places where foreign cultures and ideas
influence a nation.

22. Ports are a focal point with shallow waters where ships
converge thereby making them vulnerable to maritime
accidents.
Ports are places where valuables are concentrated
and where cargo can be damaged or stolen during
handling.
Ports are places where repairs and/or planned
maintenance is carried out on ships.
 Ports are places where
costly delays can occur,
ships are surveyed,
most shipping services – agents, brokers, etc are located,
cargoes come from, and

23. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTS
Hub, center or mega port – a major port dealing with
international trade. Example: Rotterdam in The
Netherlands.
Feeder port – to feed and distribute cargo from major
ports. Example: Port Riga in Latvia provides feeder
service to Hamburg in Germany.
Entrepot or transit port – serves as a transit port.
Example: Batumi seaport in Georgia is a transit port for
Kazakh and Azerbaijan.
Domestic port – provides a natural outlet for
surrounding hinterland. Example: Jafarabad port in
India.

24. Ports last longer than ships and this requires the port
management to avoid any costly blunders.
Ports are classified according to their ownership or
administration. Basic types are:
State owned ports
Autonomous ports
Municipal owned ports
Private owned ports
There is an impetus to increase private ownership of
ports.
PORT MANAGEMENT

25. Ports are governed by various types of boards such as
Representative Board – consisting of persons
representing interests concerned with port operation
Board of Experts – consisting of members with
proven expertise
Two Tier Boards – consisting of one tier to run the
port on day-to-day basis and other tier to plan and
implement major policies

26. Port management aims to:
Operate with overall cost-leadership
Minimize user payment by ensuring quick ship
turnover in port
Minimize through-transport costs
Minimize port costs
Maximize benefits
To port owners
To the town, region or nation
Generate employment

27. Thank you!!!