1. Sentence Types

2. Sentence Types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound
Complex

3. SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

4. SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.
one subject
one predicate

5. Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
play tennis.

6. Tom and Mary
play tennis and swim.
Compound Subject
Compound Predicate

7. Tom and Mary play tennis.

8. Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

9. Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
No comma before “and”
in compound
subjects and predicates!

10. SUBJECT
PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

11. Tom
swims,
and
Mary
plays tennis.

12. FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

13. Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause 1
Independent
Clause 2
Independent

14. Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

15. MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

16. Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1
Independent
Clause 2
Independent

17. Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Note: Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

18. Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called
“floating” adverbs because they can be
positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at
the end of a clause.

19. Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

20. Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.

21. Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Note: Place commas before and
after a conjunctive adverb
in the middle!

22. Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

23. Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
Note: Place a comma before
a conjunctive adverb
at the end!

24. Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in
the main clauses is very close and obvious
without a conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown
Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

25. Matt has benefited from his exercise
program; he is slim and energetic.

26. SUBJECT
PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

27. Bob
is popular
even though
he
is ugly.

28. EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
ADVERB CLAUSES
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS

29. Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1
Clause 2
Independent
Dependent

30. Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1
Dependent
Clause 2
Independent

31. Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
When the MAIN clause is first,
it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!

32. Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
When the ADVERB clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

33. Mike
is popular
because
he
is good looking,
but
he
is not very happy.

34. Mike is popular because he is good
looking, but he is not very happy.
Punctuate each clause
according to its rules!

35. SIMPLE SENTENCE
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling
every weekend.
No commas before “and” in
compound subjects and predicates!

36. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
Men may exercise harder, but they may not
exercise as regularly as women do.
Comma before coordinating
conjunction!

37. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; however, some schools fail to
distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb
Comma after conjunctive
adverb!

38. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; some schools, however, fail to
distinguish between these groups.
Semicolon after first
independent clause-Commas before and after conjunctive
adverb!

39. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb at the end
Native and nonnative English speakers have
different needs; some schools fail to distinguish
between these groups, however.
Semicolon after first
independent clause-Comma before conjunctive
adverb!

40. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction
People had continuous moderate
exercise when they had to hunt for food.
When main clause is first,
it is not usually followed by a comma!

41. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating
Conjunction
When people had to hunt for food, they had
continuous moderate exercise.
When the adverb clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!

42. Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice
Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison,
Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and
Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.