The Presentation is about the history of digital media from 1930's to 1965's era

2. Snow White 1937

3. Snow White 1937
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by
RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and
the earliest in the Walt Disney Animated Classicsseries. The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard
Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the supervising
director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben Sharpsteendirected the film's individual
sequences.
Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21, 1937, followed by a nationwide release on February 4,
1938, and with international earnings of $8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest grossing sound
film at the time. The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times, until its home video release in the
1990s. Adjusted for inflation, it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office.
At the 11th Academy Awards, Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar, and the film was nominated for Best Musical Score. It
was added to the United States National Film Registry in 1989 and is ranked in the American Film Institute's list of the 100
greatest American films, who also named the film as the greatest American animated film of all time in 2008. Disney's take on the
fairytale has had a huge cultural impact, resulting in a popular theme parkattraction, a video game, and a Broadway musical.

4. Snow White 1937
Development on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs began in early 1934, and in June 1934, Walt Disney announced the
production of his first feature, to be released under Walt Disney Productions,[4] to The New York Times.[5] Before Snow White and
the Seven Dwarfs, the Disney studio had been primarily involved in the production of animated short subjects in the Mickey Mouse
and Silly Symphonies series. Disney hoped to expand his studio's prestige and revenues by moving into features,[6] and estimated
that Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs could be produced for a budget of US$250,000; this was ten times the budget of an
average Silly Symphony.[5]
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was to be the first full-length cel animated feature in motion picture history,[4] and as such Walt
Disney had to fight to get the film produced. Both his brother and business partner Roy Disney and his wife Lillian attempted to
talk him out of it,[6] and the Hollywood movie industry referred to the film derisively as "Disney's Folly" while it was in production.
He had to mortgage his house to help finance the film's production, which eventually ran up a total cost of $1,488,422.74, a
massive sum for a feature film in 1937.[1]

5. First Color Broadcast 1940
Experiments in television systems using radio broadcasts date to the 19th century, but it
was not until the 20th century that advances in electronics and light detectors made
development practical. A key problem was the need to convert a 2D image into a "1D"
radio signal; some form of image scanning was needed to make this work. Early systems
generally used a device known as a "Nipkow disk", which was a spinning disk with a
series of holes punched in it that caused a spot to scan across and down the image. A
single photodetector behind the disk captured the image brightness at any given spot,
which was converted into a radio signal and broadcast. A similar disk was used at the
receiver side, with a light source behind the disk instead of a detector.

6. First Color Broadcast 1940
A number of such systems were being used experimentally in the 1920s. The best-known was John Logie
Baird's, which was actually used for regular public broadcasting in Britain for several years. Indeed, Baird's
system was demonstrated to members of the Royal Society in London in 1926 in what is generally recognized
as the first demonstration of a true, working television system. In spite of these early successes, all
mechanical television systems shared a number of serious problems. Being mechanically driven, perfect
synchronization of the sending and receiving discs was not easy to ensure, and irregularities could result in
major image distortion. Another problem was that the image was scanned within a small, roughly rectangular
area of the disk's surface, so that larger, higher-resolution displays required increasingly unwieldy disks and
smaller holes that produced increasingly dim images. Rotating drums bearing small mirrors set at
progressively greater angles proved more practical than Nipkow discs for high-resolution mechanical
scanning, allowing images of 240 lines and more to be produced, but such delicate, high-precision optical
components were not commercially practical for home receivers.

7. First Color Broadcast 1940
It was clear to a number of developers that a completely electronic scanning
system would be superior, and that the scanning could be achieved in a
vacuum tube via electrostatic or magnetic means. Converting this concept into
a usable system took years of development and several independent
advances. The two key advances were Philo Farnsworth's electronic scanning
system, and Vladimir Zworykin's Iconoscope camera. The Iconoscope, based
on Kálmán Tihanyi's early patents, superseded the Farnsworth-system. With
these systems, the BBC began regularly scheduled black-and-white television
broadcasts in 1936, but these were shut down again with the start of World War

8. First Color Broadcast 1940
By 22 March 1935, 108-line black-and-white television programs were being
broadcast from the Paul Nipkow TV transmitter in Berlin. In 1936, under the
guidance of "Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda" Joseph
Goebbels, direct transmissions from fifteen mobile units at the Olympic Games
in Berlin were transmitted to selected small television houses (Fernsehstuben)
in Berlin and Hamburg.
In 1941 the first NTSC meetings produced a single standard for US broadcasts.
US television broadcasts began in earnest in the immediate post-war era, and
by 1950 there were 6 million televisions in the United States.

9. First Color Broadcast 1940
Middle East
Nearly all of the countries in the Middle East use PAL. The first country
in the Middle East to introduce color television was Iraq in 1967. Saudi
Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar followed
in the mid-1970s, but Israel, Lebanon and Cyprus continued to
broadcast in black and white until the early 1980s. Israeli television
even erased the color signals using a device called the mekhikon.

10. Transmitter Radio 1954
A radio transmitter is an electronic device which, when
connected to an antenna, produces an electromagnetic signal
such as in radio and televisionbroadcasting, two way
communications or radar. Heating devices, such as a microwave
oven, although of similar design, are not usually called
transmitters, in that they use the electromagnetic energy locally
rather than transmitting it to another location.

11. Transmitter Radio 1954
Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic
signals through the atmosphere or free space.
Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing
(modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their
amplitude,frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike
an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating
current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted
and transformed back into its original form.

12. Transmitter Radio 1954

13. Transmitter Radio 1954

14. Transmitter Radio 1954

15. Transmitter Radio 1954

16. Transmitter Radio 1954

17. CBS Broad Cast 1956
The CBS Broadcast Center is a television and
radio production facility located in New York
City. It is CBS's main East Coast production
center, much asTelevision City in Los Angeles
is the West Coast hub.

18. CBS Broad Cast 1956

19. CBS Broad Cast 1956
CBS takes over the depot
The building in which the Broadcast Center is located formerly served as a dairy depot for Sheffield
Farms. CBS, which had been using studios at Grand Central Terminal and other theaters throughout
Manhattan, purchased the site in 1952 and began using it regularly for TV in 1963. The radio network,
with offices at 1 East 53rd Street and studios at 49 East 52nd Street, near the old CBS corporate
headquarters at 485 Madison Avenue, moved to the Broadcast Center in July 1964, while the
television network's master control moved from Grand Central to the Broadcast Center in late 1964.
The company spent $14.5 million to create what was, at the time, "the largest 'self-contained' radio
and television production center in the United States and the most modern broadcasting plant of its
kind in the world," as the New York Tribune put it in 1961.

20. CBS Broad Cast 1956
CBS Broadcast Center and soap operas
Until January 2000, the Broadcast Center was home to CBS-TV's soap opera As the World Turns. Defunct
serials Love of Life, Search for Tomorrow and The Edge of Night were also produced at the Broadcast
Center.
After a 37-year absence, the oldest soap opera in the United States, Guiding Light, returned to the Broadcast
Center in September 2005, after 17 years at EUE/Screen Gems studios, 222 East 44th Street and 20 years at
the CBS/Himan Brown studios at 221 West 26th Street. The show had been produced in Studio 45 at the
CBS Broadcast Center from 1965-1968 before moving to West 26th street. "GL" used Studios 42 and 45 until
its final broadcast on September 17, 2009.
As the World Turns was later recorded at JC Studios in Brooklyn (formerly NBC Studios Brooklyn), which was
also home to Another World from 1964-1999. As a result of the move, As the World Turns acquired many of
Another World's old sets. As the World Turns aired its final episode on September 17, 2010.

21. CBS Broad Cast 1956
"From the ABC Broadcast Center..."
In 1996, Brillstein-Grey Entertainment produced "The Dana Carvey
Show" at the Broadcast Center for ABC. As a jab at CBS (ABC's
competition), the show's opening credits had a man with a paper
version of the ABC logo on a ladder outside of the Broadcast Center
covering over the CBS Eye logo while the announcer proclaimed "From
the ABC Broadcast Center".

22. CBS Broadcast 1956
"From the ABC Broadcast Center..."
In 1996, Brillstein-Grey Entertainment produced "The Dana Carvey
Show" at the Broadcast Center for ABC. As a jab at CBS (ABC's
competition), the show's opening credits had a man with a paper
version of the ABC logo on a ladder outside of the Broadcast Center
covering over the CBS Eye logo while the announcer proclaimed "From
the ABC Broadcast Center".

23. Compact Cassette 1963

24. Compact Cassette 1963
The Compact Cassette or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called cassette tape, audio
cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is a magnetic taperecording format for audio recording
and playback. Compact cassettes come in two forms, either already containing content as a
pre-recorded cassette, or as fully recordable "blank" cassette. It was designed originally for
dictation machines, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant
theStereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel tape recording in most non-professional
applications. Its uses ranged from portable audio to home recording to data storage for early
microcomputers. Between the early 1970s and the late 1990s, the cassette was one of the two
most common formats for prerecorded music, first alongside the LP record and later the
compact disc.

25. Compact Cassette 1963
Compact Cassettes consist of two miniature spools, between which a
magnetically coated plastic tape is passed and wound. These spools and their
attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell. Two stereo pairs of
tracks (four total) or two monaural analog audio tracks are available on the
tape; one stereo pair or one monophonic track is played or recorded when the
tape is moving in one direction and the second pair when moving in the other
direction. This reversal is achieved either by manually flipping the cassette, or
by having the machine itself change the direction of tape movement and head
respectively ("auto-reverse").

26. Compact Cassette 1963
In 1935, decades before the introduction of the Compact Cassette, AEG released the first reel-to-reel
tape recorder (in German: Tonbandgerät), with the commercial name "Magnetophon", based on the
invention of the magnetic tape (1928) by Fritz Pfleumer, which used similar technology but with open
reels (for which the tape was manufactured by BASF). These instruments were still very expensive
and relatively difficult to use and were therefore used mostly by professionals in radio stations and
recording studios. For private use the (reel-to-reel) tape recorder was not very common and only
slowly took off from about the 1950s; with prices between 700 and 1,500 DM (which would now be
about € 1600 to 3400)[4] such machines were still far too expensive for the mass market and their
vacuum tube construction made them very bulky. In the early 1960s, however, the weights and the
prices dropped when vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. Reel-to-reel tape recorders then
became more common in household use, though they remained in only a small fraction of homes with
long playing record players.

27. Compact Cassette 1963
In 1958, following four years of development, RCA Victor introduced the stereo,
quarter-inch, reversible, reel-to-reel RCA tape cartridge. It was a cassette, big
(5" × 7"), but offered few pre-recorded tapes; despite multiple versions, it failed.
In 1962, Philips invented the Compact Cassette medium for audio storage,
introducing it in Europe on 30 August 1963 (at the Berlin Radio Show),and in
the United States (under the Norelco brand) in November 1964, with the
trademark name Compact Cassette. The team at Philips was led by Lou Ottens
in Hasselt, Belgium.

28. Compact Cassette 1963
Although there were other magnetic tape cartridge systems, Philips' Compact Cassette became
dominant as a result of Philips' decision in the face of pressure from Sony to license the format free of
charge. Philips also released the Norelco Carry-Corder 150 recorder/player in the U.S. in November
1964. By 1966 over 250,000 recorders had been sold in the US alone and Japan soon became the
major source of recorders. By 1968, 85 manufacturers had sold over 2.4 million players.
In the early years, sound quality was mediocre, but it improved dramatically by the early 1970s when it
caught up with the quality of 8-track tape and kept improving. The Compact Cassette went on to
become a popular (and re-recordable) alternative to the 12-inch vinyl LP during the late 1970s.[2]

29. Compact Cassette 1963
Introduction of music cassettes
The mass production of Compact Cassettes began in 1964 in Hanover, Germany. Prerecorded music cassettes (also known as
Musicassettes; M.C. for short) were launched in Europe in late 1965. The Mercury Record Company, a U.S. affiliate of Philips,
introduced M.C. to the U.S. in July 1966. The initial offering consisted of 49 titles. However, the system had been designed initially
for dictation and portable use, with the audio quality of early players not well suited for music. Some early models also had
unreliable mechanical design. In 1971 the Advent Corporation introduced their Model 201 tape deck that combined Dolby type B
noise reduction and chromium dioxide (CrO2) tape, with a commercial-grade tape transport mechanism supplied by the Wollensak
camera division of 3M Corporation. This resulted in the format being taken more seriously for musical use, and started the era of
high fidelity cassettes and players.
During the 1980s, the cassette's popularity grew further as a result of portable pocket recorders and high-fidelity ("hi-fi") players,
such as Sony's Walkman (1979). The body of the Walkman was not much larger than the cassette tape itself, with mechanical
keys on one side, or electronic buttons or a display on the face. Sony's WM-10 was even smaller than the cassette itself, and
expanded to hold and play a cassette.