Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the synthesis of several proteins required for blood clotting. Occurs in several forms: Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Vitamin K3 (Menadione) – synthetic form

1. Welcome
To
My presentation

2. Name: MD. Zahirul Islam
Roll:333
Batch:12th
Presentation
of
Vitamin K

3. Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic
vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the
synthesis of several proteins required for blood
clotting.

4. Types of vitamin k
Occurs in several forms:
 Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
 Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
 Vitamin K3 (Menadione) – synthetic form

5. Sources of Vitamin K
Phylloquinone: Green leafy vegetables
Menaquinone: Intestinal bacteria
Intestinal bacterial synthesis meets the daily requirement of
vitamin K even without dietary supplement
Menadione: synthetic form
vegetable oil

6. Adequate Intake for Vitamin K
Life Stage Age Males (mcg/day) Females (mcg/day)
Infants 0-6 months 2.0 2.0
Infants 7-12 months 2.5 2.5
Children 1-3 years 30 30
Children 4-8 years 55 55
Children 9-13 years 60 60
Adolescents 14-18 years 75 75
Adults 19 years and older 120 90
Pregnancy 18 years and younger - 75
Pregnancy 19 years and older - 90
Breast-feeding 18 years and younger - 75
Breast-feeding 19 years and older - 90
As outlined by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine in the US (January 2001)

7. Functions of Vitamin K
Coenzyme for the synthesis of prothrombin and
blood clotting factors in the liver
Prothrombin and clotting factors are protein in
nature

8. Mature prothrombin and clotting factors
contain g-carboxyglutamate after
carboxylation reaction
Vitamin K is essential for the carboxylase
enzyme involved
Dihydroquinone form of vitamin K is essential
for this reaction

9. Symptoms of Vitamin K Deficiency
• Bruising from bleeding into the skin
• Nosebleeds
• Bleeding gums
• Bleeding in stomach
• Blood in urine
• Blood in stool
• Tarry black stool
• Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding
• In infants, may result in intracranial hemorrhage

10. Deficiency of Vitamin K
Deficiencies are rare: it is synthesized by the
intestinal bacteria
Hypoprothrombinemia: increased blood
coagulation time
May affect bone growth and mineralization
Malabsorption of lipids leads to vitamin K
deficiency

11. Deficiency of Vitamin K
Prolonged antibiotic therapy
Gastrointestinal infections with diarrhea
Both of the above destroy the bacterial flora leading to
vitamin K deficiency
Deficiency most common in newborn infants
Newborns lack intestinal flora
Human milk cannot provide enough vitamin K
Supplements are given by injection

12. Clinical Manifestations of the
Deficiency
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Bruising tendency, ecchymotic patches (bleeding
underneath the skin)
Mucus membrane hemorrhage
Post-traumatic bleeding / internal bleeding
Prolonged prothrombin time

13. Prevention/Treatment
 Vitamin K can be given orally
 In the case of someone who improperly absorbs fat or is at high
risk of bleeding, Vitamin K can be injected under the skin
 If a drug is causing Vitamin K deficiency, the dose is altered or
extra Vitamin K is given
 In people who suffer from both severe liver disorders and
Vitamin K deficiency, Vitamin K injections may be insufficient
so blood transfusions may be necessary to replenish clotting
factors.

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