Speech Organ and manner of articulation

1. Speech Organ &
Manner of
Articulation
Siti Chariroh
Yanti Kurniawati
Widya Kesumadewi
Inka Dwi Puspita Kurnia Sari

2. We will talk about
 Speech organ
- Defenitions
- Speech Organ (Articulatory Systems)
 Three dimensions of articulation
- Voicing
- Place of articulation
- Manner of Articulation

3. Speech Organ
 Defenition
Any of the organs (as the larynx, tongue, or lips) playing a
part in the production of articulate speech.
Speech organs—or articulators—are of two types: passive
articulators and active articulators. Passive articulators
remain static during the articulation of sound. Upper lips,
teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, and
pharynx wall are passive articulators. Active articulators
move relative to these passive articulators to produce
various speech sounds, in different manners. The most
important active articulator is the tongue. The lower lip and
glottis are other active articulators.

4. Speech Organ ( Articulatory Systems)

5. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)
 LIPS
They serve for creating sounds mainly the bilabial (/p/, /b/, and
/m/) and labiodental (/f/, and /v/)
 TEETH
Responsible for creating sounds mainly the labiodental (/f/ and
/v/) and interdental (/Ɵ/ and /ð/)
 TONGUE
With its wide variety of possible movement, it assists in forming
the sounds of speech

6. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

7. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)
 ALVEOLAR RIDGE
Hard ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is between
the roof of the mouth and the upper teeth
For the sound /s/, air from the lungs continuously
through the mouth, but the tongue is raised sufficiently
close to the alveoral ridge (the section of the upper jaw
containing the tooth sockets) to cause friction as it partially
blocks the air that passes.

8. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

9. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)
 HARD PALATE
• A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the
mouth.
• The interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential in
the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/, /d/, and /j/
 VELUM (SOFT PALATE)
• It should have holes forming that functions during speech to separate
the oral cavity (mouth), from the nose, in order to produce the oral
speech sounds.if this separation is incomplete, air escapes through the
nose during speech and the speech is perceived as hyper nasal.

10. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

11. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)
 UVULA
• It functions in tandem with the back of the trhoat, the palate, and air coming
up from the lungs to create a number of guttural and other sounds.
• In many languages, it closes to prevent air escaping through the nose when
making same sounds.
 GLOTTIS
• Combination of vocal folds and space in between the folds.
• As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a “buzzing” quaity
to the speech called voice or voicing or pronounciaton.
• Sound production involving only the glottis caled glottal. Example is the sound
/h/

12. Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

13. Three Dimensions of Articulation
voicing
Place of
articulation
Manner of
articulation

14. Voiced and Voiceless sound
 The air stream from the lungs passes through an opening
between the vocal cords, the glottis
 If the vocal cords are apart and the airstream is not
obstructed at the glottis, the sounds produced this way
are voiceless.
 If the vocal cords are together and the airstream forces
its way through, the vocal cords vibrate and the sounds
produced this way are voiced

15. Voiced and Voiceless sound
 If you put a finger in each ear and say “zzzzz” you can feel
the vibrations.
 If you put a finger in each ear and say “sssss” you will not
feel any vibration.
 When you whisper, you are actually making all the speech
sounds voiceless

16. Consonants
 Consonants result from constriction or blockage in the oral
cavity. Firts criterion for defining a consonant is its Place of
articulation, where the constriction or blockage occur. The
second criterion is Manner of articulation , what kind of
construction or blockage it is.
SO
Place of articulation Where you produce sounds or where
in the mouth is the sound being made
Manner of Articulation How you pronounce sounds

17. Place of Articulation
 Billabial
involve both lips , for example {p},{b} and {m} for example Pop, Bob
and Mom
 Labiodental
involve the bottom lip and top teeth, {f} and {v} for example : Far,
Father, Very, Vission
 Interdental
made of the tongue and the upper teeth , {Ɵ} and {ð} for example :
think, thought, the and mother

18. Place of Articulation
 Alveolar
Have the the tip or blade of the tongue and behind the top teeth,
{t},{d}, {s}, {z}, {n},{l}, {r}, for example tin, din, safe,zoo,near, long, really.
 Post Alveolar
Made of tongue blade and the back of the alveolar ridge {ʧ}, {ʃ},
{ʤ},{ʒ} for example chill, ship, education, vision.
 Palatal
Made of the tongue and hard palate {j}for example yes and you

19. Place of Articulation
 Velars
Made of back part of the tongue and the soft palate, {k},
{g}, {w}, {ŋ} for example game, came, wake and king.
 Glottal
the glotal consonant is not produce with tongue or lips but
produce with the throat , {h} for example hello, high, uh-oh

20. Manner of Articulation
 Stops
 Fricative Obstruents
 Affricates
 Nasals
 Liquids Sonorants
 Glides
• An obstruent is a consonant sound
formed by obstructing the outward
airflow, causing increased air pressure in
the vocal tract
• Obstruents are those articulations in
which there is a total closure or a
stricture causing friction
• Sonorants are those articulations in
which there is only a partial closure or
an unimpeded oral or nasal scape of air.
• English has the following sonorant
consonantal phonemes: /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/,
/w/, /j/

21. Stops (plosives)
When the air stream enters the oral cavity it may
be stopped, obstructed, or flow freely.
When the air is completely stopped for a brief
period of time, these speech sounds are called
stops.
[b], [p], [t], [d], [k] and [g] are stops.

22. Fricatives
 When the air is not stopped completely but is obstructed from
flowing freely, these speech sounds are called fricatives.
 [h], [f], [v], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ],[Ɵ] and [ð] are Fricatives
Affricates
 Some sounds are produced by a stop closure followed immediately a
slow release of the closure as in a fricative. These speech sounds are
called affricates.
 [ʧ] and [ʤ] are affricates.

23. Nasals
 A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air
to escape freely through the nose.
 The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air
does not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by th tongue.
 [m], [n] and [ŋ] are nasals.
Liquids
 When there is some obstruction of the air stream but not enough to cause
friction, these speech sounds are called liquids.
 [l] and [r] are liquids

24. Glides
 When there is little or no obstruction of the air stream in
the mouth, these speech sounds are called glides or semi-vowel
 [j] and [w] are glides.

25. Conclusion
 Speech organ is the kind of organs in human body which distribute and
support people to verbalize and produce sounds. Speech organs differ
into two types. There are Passive and active organs. Passive organs are
organ which not move when we produce sounds and active organ is the
organ which move when we produce sound.
 There are three dimensions of articulation. There are Voice, Place and
manner of articulation. Voice is the tone of pitch that produce vibrant
voiceless is the contrary of voice. Place of articulation is the area of
mouth when produce the speech. The manner of articulation is the
steps of people to sounds their speech.