2018 Design & Communication Graphics (D.C.G.) Revision Notes covering the majority of the DCG syllabus through relevant exam solutions. Feel free to use these notes for study purposes only. Encrypted video links will not work through this platform but the notes should be clear enough to assist you in your understanding and comprehension of DCG learning areas. Best of luck to all students doing Irish Leaving Certificate exams this June (2018).

1. DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS
(DCG)
LEAVING CERTIFICATE
REVISION PACKAGE 2018
JOE LYSTER
PATRICIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL NEWBRIDGE, CO. KILDARE, REP. OF IRELAND.
MAILTO: josephlyster@patriciansecondary.com
JOSEPH LYSTER 2018 ©
EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS

2. CONTENTS
• EXAM GUIDANCE
• SHORT QUESTIONS (EXAM SECTION A)
– YEARS 2009-2017
• CORE GEOMETRY (EXAM SECTION B)
– AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
– INTERPENETRATION
– CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
– OBLIQUE PLANES
– CONIC SECTIONS
– PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
• APPLIED GRAPHICS (EXAM SECTION C)
– GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY
– STRUCTURAL FORMS
– SURFACE GEOMETRY

3. EXAM GUIDANCE
FORMAT

4. • FORMAT:
 EXAM DURATION
 HIGHER LEVEL = 3 HOURS
 ORDINARY LEVEL = 3 HOURS
 EXAM PAPER STRUCTURE
 THREE SECTIONS IN EXAM PAPER
 SECTION A = MIXED TOPIC SHORT QUESTIONS
 FOUR SHORT QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY THREE)
 SECTION B = CORE GEOMETRY
 THREE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)
 SECTION C = APPLIED GRAPHIC
 FIVE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)
EXAM GUIDANCE

5. • TIMING:
 Higher & ordinary level: 3 hours (180 minutes)
 Spend 3 to 5 minutes previewing exam paper at start
 Section A: recommended time = 45 minutes max
 Section B: recommended time = 65 minutes max (32.5 min/question)
 Section C: recommended time = 65 minutes max (32.5 min/question)
 Key tip: when studying, get into the habit of doing questions relative to the timing
suggested. When in the exam, have time ques or be vigilant of time during the exam to
remind you to progress from one question to another.
EXAM GUIDANCE

6. • SUGGESTED APPROACH: BE ‘SMART’…
 Don’t panic, easy for me to say but really don’t panic. The exam paper will look different
because all of the questions are new and previously unseen. Take a minute to relax and
then confirm to yourself that you are refined in the methods /understanding to
answering such questions. Remember that year on year the face of the questions may
change but the detail is the same, the methods are consistent and there is a logical
sequence to be followed in all cases.
 Upon review of exam paper, mark the questions you feel most confident about doing
 Do section ‘a’ first and begin with whatever question you feel you can answer best
 Move onto section ‘b’ and again begin with your strongest question
 Move onto section ‘c’ and once more begin with your strongest question
 In all cases, remember to double check what the question is asking you. It is not
uncommon to presume something or overlook something. Be dilligent here.
 If all else fails just have a go. Do what you can and remember an auxiliary view here or
there will do no harm 
 If you have time at the end, spend it by reviewing the work you have done or tidying
up/finishing incomplete questions
 Do not leave the exam hall without having attempted the required amount of questions
to the best of your ability.
EXAM GUIDANCE

7. A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
2009 CONIC PERSPECTIVE AXONOMETRIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY INTERPENETRATION STANDARD, RISING ETC.
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
AND HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
CONICAL SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT WITH CONIC
FOCAL SPHERE ETC.
2010 SKEW LINES AXONOMETRIC CONIC OBLIQUE PERSPECTIVE OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, RISING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
OVEN HOOD STRUCTURE WITH
CYLINDRICAL SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT
2011 AUXILIARY CONIC SKEW LINES SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC CONIC STANDARD, FALLING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2012 AXONOMETRIC AUXILIARY ROTATION PERSPECTIVE CONIC INTERPENETRATION CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, FALLING ETC.
HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2013 ORTHOGRAPHIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION SKEW LINES OBLIQUE AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC PERSPECTIVE AND SKEW LINES STANDARD, FALLING ETC.
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
DIAMOND SUFACE
STRUCTURE, USUAL
2014 ORTHOGRAPHIC OBLIQUE CONIC PERSPECTIVE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY AXONOMETRIC TRIMETRIC AUXILIARY STANDARD, RISING ETC.
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2015
OBLIQUE
PLANES/ORTHOGRAPHIC
CONIC
CO-ORDINATE
GEOMETRY/OBLIQUE PLANES
SKEW LINES AUXILIARY/CONIC
AXONOMETRIC/
INTERPENETRATION
PERSPECTIVE
STANDARD, ROAD RISING,
THICKNESS OF STRATUMAND
VERTICAL PROFILING
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
WITH AUXILIARY AND SKEW
LINES
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2016 DEVELOPMENT ORTHO OBLIQUE CONIC HYPERBOLA ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY CONIC OBLIQUE ORTHO-INTERPENETRATION STANDARD
HYPERBOLOID OF
REVOLUTION
TRANSITION PIECE
DEVELOPMENT
2017 AXONOMETRIC CONIC
OBLIQUE
PLANES/ORTHOGRAPHIC/
SURFACE GEOMETRY
ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY CONIC CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY PERSPECTIVE STANDARD
SHELL TRANSLATION
STRUCTURE
ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL
2018? CONIC SKEW LINES PERSPECTIVE ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARY OBLIQUE INTERPENETRATION AXONOMETRIC STANDARD HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
ANGULAR & CURVED
STRUCTURE
2018 LEAVING CERTIFICATE: DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS - PREDICTOR MODEL
SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
EXAM QUESTION TRENDS
JUST A GUESS!

8. SHORT QUESTIONS
EXAM SECTION A

9. SECTION A HL2009

10. SECTION A HL2009 SOL.

11. SECTION A HL2010

12. SECTION A HL2010 SOL.

13. SECTION A HL2011

14. SECTION A HL2011 SOL.

15. SECTION A HL2012

16. SECTION A HL2012 SOL.

17. SECTION A HL2013

18. SECTION A HL2013

19. SECTION A HL2014

20. SECTION A HL2014 SOL.

21. SECTION A HL2015

22. SECTION A HL2015 SOL.

23. SECTION A HL2016

24. SECTION A HL2016 SOL.

25. SECTION A HL2017

26. SECTION A HL2017 SOL.

27. CORE GEOMETRY
EXAM SECTION B

28. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
TOPIC 1

29. TYPE 1: ISOMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Equilateral)
TYPE 2: DIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Isosceles)
TYPE 3: TRIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC (Scalene)
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
TYPES AND EXAMPLES
EQUILATERAL
TRIANGLE FOR
ISOMETRIC
SCALENE

33. SLAMDUNK!!!

35. OBLIQUE PLANES
TOPIC 2

36. H
θ
H
θ
W

40. T
V
H

43. V
T
H
V1
T1
H1

44. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
TOPIC 3.1

45. A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
E
B
D
E
F
B
D
E
B
D
A
BC
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
Q
Q
R
R
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 2016 HL: TYPE 1 – COMMON LINE
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
‘AB’ LINE OF INTERSECTION
TRUE LENGTH
DIHEDRAL ANGLE ‘ABC’ & ‘ABD’
θ
INCLINATION OF ‘BDE’ TO HP
USING LEVEL LINE METHOD
A GIVEN DIHEDRAL ANGLE
‘REVERSE ENGINEERING’
COMBINING ELEVATION HEIGHTS
BY AUXILIARY VIEW &
APPLY HERE
TAKE DISTANCE ‘Q’ AND
PART C
PART D
PART A
PART B
θ
F
F

46. X Y
B
A
C
A
C
B
E
D
E
123
1
2
3
D
B
A
C
B
A
C
E
D
E
D
DIHEDRAL ANGLE
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY: TYPE 2 – COMMON POINT
X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TL OF LOI
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK TO
POINTS IN PLAN VIEW
X1Y1 PARALLEL TO LOI IN PLAN VIEW
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO POINTS IN ELEVATION

47. X Y
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
D
E
FD
E
F
D
E
F
DIHEDRAL ANGLE
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY: TYPE 3 – NO COMMON LINE OR POINT
X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TL OF LOI
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK TO
POINTS IN PLAN VIEW
X1Y1 PARALLEL TO LOI IN
PLAN VIEW
MEASUREMENTS TAKEN
FROM XY TO POINTS IN
ELEVATION
YOU MIGHT HAVE STARTED THIS THE LAST DAY
AFTER TAKING PHOTO OF QUESTION

48. A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
θ
C,A
B
V T
H T
A
B
C
D
A,B
C
D

49. A
B
C
A
C
D
E
F
D
E
F
B
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
C
D
E
F
B
θ
C,A
B
A
C
B

50. DATUM LINE
IN THIS CASE, USED TO
SHORTEN THE DISTANCES
TAKEN FOR POINTS IN THE
SECOND AUXILIARY VIEW
X2Y2
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
θX1
Y1
X2
Y2
X1
Y1
X Y
V
T
H
A
B
C
D
A B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
PART A
PART B
PART C
PART D
H
ALSO FOR POINT E

51. X Y
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
A
B
C
D
EF
A B
C
D
EF
θ
D C
H
T
V

52. SKEW LINES
TOPIC 3.2

53. C
C
A
B
D
X Y
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
A
B
A
B
B
A
CD
D
C
D
OLEVEL LINE
O
SHORTEST DISTANCE
A = 60 50 70
B = 110 25 15
C = 80 5 25
D = 125 30 35
OUT UP DOWN
SKEW LINES NO.1
SKEW LINES
SHORTEST DISTANCE

54. 

55. 
AUXILIARY VIEW 1
AUXILIARY VIEW 1
AUXILIARY VIEW 1
AUXILIARY VIEW 1
AUXILIARY VIEW 2
AUXILIARY VIEW 2
AUXILIARY VIEW 2
DATUM LINE FOR
AUXILIARY VIEW 2
DATUM LINE FOR
AUXILIARY VIEW 2
LEVEL LINE
LEVEL LINE
LEVEL LINE
LEVEL LINE

57. θ
θ

58. INTERSECTING SOLIDS
TOPIC 4

62. C
D
3
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
C
B
A C
3
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
3
1
3
BP1
BP2
BP1
BP2
2
1
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
B
A
BP1
BP2
D
B
A
D
X
X1
Y1
Y
MEASUREMENTS
**Aux. Plan view
Project from Elev.
Measure from Plan

63. 1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
AA
BB
CC
A
A B
B
C
C
D
D
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
1
2
3
4
3
2
1
BP1BP2
BP3
BP4
BP1
BP3
BP4
1
2
BP2
BP5BP6
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP4
1
2
3
BP5
BP6
2
1
3
3
CONNECTING INTERSECTION POINTS
LABEL METHOD
CODED CO-ORDINATES
RIGHT-HAND SIDE (RHS) POINTS 1 – BP1 – 2 – BP2 / BP3 – 3 – BP4 – 1
(FRONT OF AUXILIARY)
LEFT-HAND SIDE (LHS) POINTS 1 – 2 – BP2 / BP3 – BP5 – 3 – BP6 – 1
(BACK OF AUXILIARY)
BP5
BP6

65. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
TOPIC 5

66. H
Θ=30°
AVP
H
Θ = 30°
AVP
AVP 1
AVP 2
H
Θ = 20°
AVP

67. A
80
40
40
80
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
-Spectator at 45° from corner A at distance of 80mm
-Horizon line is 50mm above ground line
80
S
VP1
VP2
Vanishing line
Vanishingline

68. 80
15
20
80
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
-Bottom right: IN 100 UP 20 TO ‘S’
-Spectator at 60° from corner A at
distance of 70mm
-Horizon line is 50mm above ground line
50
15
70
S

69. H1
H2
AVP

70. 35°
AVP

72. CONIC SECTIONS
TOPIC 6

73. ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
FIND ELLIPSE GIVEN POINT
ON CURVE AND MINOR
CIRCLE
FIND ELLIPSE GIVEN POINT
ON CURVE AMD MAJOR
CIRCLE
GIVEN POINT ON CURVE,
FIND TANGENT
GIVEN POINT OFF CURVE,
FIND TANGENT(S)
F1 F2
PARABOLA

74. ELLIPSE PARABOLA
HYPERBOLA NOTES
35
35
35
RATIO 3:4
RATIO 1:1
RATIO 5:4

80. APPLIED GRAPHICS
EXAM SECTION C

81. GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY
TOPIC 1

82. HL 2017

83. HL 2017
CUT 1.5 X 5 = 7.5MM
FILL 2 X 5 = 10MM
@A 65M TO @B 65M IS LEVEL
@B 65M - @C 50M = FALL 15M
CONTOURS ON SECTION B TO C ABOVE
FORMATION LEVEL, THUS NEED TO BE CUT.
CUT CONE CALCULATION
FALL 15 X 1.5 = 22.5
CONE R = 22.5
@C 50M TO @D 50M IS LEVEL
65
50

84. HL 2016

85. HL 2016

86. HL 2015

87. HL 2015
θ
T
S

88. HL 2014

89. HL 2014

90. HL 2013

91. HL 2013

92. HL 2012

93. HL 2012

94. HL 2011

95. HL 2011

96. HL 2010

97. HL 2010

98. HL 2009

99. -CONT. 5M VERT. INT.
-A TO B LEVEL @40M
-B TO C 1 IN 15 RISING
-CUT 1:1 (1x5=5)
-FILL 1:1.5 (1.5x5=7.5)
40M
45M
50M
55M
60M
CUT 1:1 (1x5=5)
TRAVEL 150M AND RISE 10M FROM B TO B1
B1
AREA NEEDS TO BE FILLED TO RISE ROAD AS CONTOURS ARE BELOW FORMATION
LEVEL OF 40M, THUS WE REQUIRE A FILL CONE.
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
FILL CONE CALCULATION
RISE VALUE @ B1 x FILL RATIO
10M x 1.5 = 15M; THUS CONE R=15M
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
45°
D = 35M
MR. LYSTER: NOTES
40M
35M
30M
25M
20M
Z
SKEW BOREHOLE AT ‘D’
DRILLED IN NORTHERLY
DIRECTION IN PLAN
HL 2009

100. STRUCTURAL FORMS
TOPIC 2

101. 1
2
3
4 1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

103. W
H
H
2 1
2
1

104. H1
H2
H1
H2
W1
W2
W1
W2
W
H
H
W

105. SURFACE GEOMETRY
TOPIC 3

108. θ

109. θ
θ

110. θ
w
w

112. θ
θ
P
P

113. Ɵ

114. MISCELLANEOUS
TOPIC X

115. PLAN
ELEVATION
SURFACE DEVELOPMENT OF DICE
DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CUBE

116. 0
1
3
2
4
5
9
8
7
6
10
11
W
0 1 32 4 5 9876 10 11 0
DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CYLINDER

117. DEVELOPING THE SURFACES
OF A CONE
0
1
3
2
4
5
9
8
7
6
10
11
TL
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
9
8
7
6
10
11

118. 3
4
5
6
2
1
0
BACK SIDESIDE
BASE
FRONT
1
3
4
5
6
LID
0
2
DEVELOPING MULTIPLE
SURFACES

119. SUPPLEMENTARY
SOLIDS IN CONTACT

120. pc
pc pc
pc
pc
SOLIDS IN CONTACT
FIND SPHERE IN POSITION ‘C’ WITH R=20 TO TOUCH CONE ‘A’ AND CYLINDER ‘B’.
R=35 R=25
110
90A
A
B
B
C
SUPPLEMENTARY
SOLIDS IN CONTACT

121. W
SUPPLEMENTARY
SOLIDS IN CONTACT

122. SUPPLEMENTARY
SOLIDS IN CONTACT